The document outlines the essential concepts and historical developments related to cell theory, including key postulates and notable scientists' contributions. It covers the understanding of cell types, structures, functions, and the distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Additionally, it discusses experiments that disproved spontaneous generation and laid the foundation for microbiology.

1. WELCOME

2. Content Standard
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
1. Cell theory
2. Cell Structure and Functions
3. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
4. Cell Types
5. Cell Modifications

3. Performance Standard
The learners:
1. construct a 3D model of a
plant/animal/ bacterial cell using
recyclable materials
2. construct a cell membrane model from
indigenous or recyclable materials

4. Learning Competencies
The learners:
1. explain the postulates of the cell theory
2. describe the structure and function of major and
subcellular organelles
3. distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according
to their distinguishing features
4. classify different cell types (plant/animal tissues) and
specify the function(s) of each
5. describe some cell modifications that lead to
adaptation to carry out specialized functions (e.g.,
microvilli, root hair)

5. What is the basic unit of life?

6. Objectives of the lesson
The learners should be able to:
1.determine the events that led to the
cell theory
2.explain the postulates of cell theory
3.name scientist and their significant
contribution in the field of cell theory

7. Picture No. 1
Picture No. 2
Picture No. 3
multicellular
unicellular

8. • ....History and development of cell theory _ Cells _ MCAT _ Khan
Academy_HIGH.mp4

9. cell - basic unit of life; all living things are made up of one or
more cells
multicellular organisms - made up of many cells (plants and
animals)
macroscopic - can be seen by the unaided eye
unicellular organisms - living things that are made up of one
cell (bacteria)
microscopic - they are so small that you cannot see them
with unaided eyes
microscope - instrument used to view microscopic objects, it
can magnify the size of very small objects

10. The Invention of Microscope and Discovery of the Cell
Romans
•they had already invented and
expiremented with glasses before
the microscope invented, during the
first century
•they discovered that small objects
become larger when viewed
through the glass sample
•became the earliest form of lens
(derived from the Latin word lentil)

11. The Invention of Microscope and Discovery of the Cell
Zacharias Janssen
•he invented the first compound
microscope around 1595
•probably hed help from his father
Hans
•they made microscopes by placing
several lenses together, and
discovered that objects were further
enlarged upon viewing

12. The Invention of Microscope and Discovery of the Cell
Robert Hooke
•examined a thin slice of cork
under the microscope he built
•he saw small compartments
of the cork and named cellula
“little rooms”
•these eventually became
known as cells

13. cork

14. The Invention of Microscope and Discovery of the Cell
Anton van Leeuwenhhoek
•created a microscope with much
higher magnification than the
microscope that Hooked used.
•he found motile objects, he
stated that motility is a quality of
life, therefore those were living
organisms “animalcules”
•includes protozoa and other
unicellular organism

16. The Cell Theory
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
• a German botanist and professor
of botany
•published his research in 1838,
which was based on several years
of studying different types of
plants under the microscope
•plants are made up of cells and
that cells are the basic units of
organisms

17. The Cell Theory
Theodor Schwann
•German physiologist expanded on
the cell theory as he showed how
animal tissues are also made up
of individual cells.
•published his research based on
his study of several slides of
animal cells a year later after
Schleiden's research published.

18. The Cell Theory
The researches of Schleiden and Schwann became the
bases of the first two postulates of the cell theory.
1. All organisms are made up of cells.
2. The basic unit of life is the cell.
The first postulates support the idea that the cell is the
foundation of life. All organisms have one or more cells. No
organisms can exist without a cell that will support its body
processes that it needs to survive.

19. The Cell Theory
Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow
•proven the last postulate of cell theory upon studying how
cells played a role in body diseases at that time, he noticed
that the existence of diseases in an organs and tissues come
from affected cells.
•from this he stated Omnis cellula e cellula, which means that
all cells arise from pre existing cells.
•believed, however that this discovery was initially made by
Robert Remak, a Jewish scientist, in 1855, when he tried to
prove the idea of cell division by hardening the cell
membrane

20. Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow Robert Remak

21. Postulates of Cell Theory
1. All organisms are made up of cells.
2. The basic unit of life is the cell.
3. All cells arise from pre existing cells

23. The Cell Theory of Spontaneous Generation
The cell theory had greatly disproved the theory of
spontaneous generation, which states that organisms
can come from nonliving sources. The theory os
spontaneous generation was generally accepted until
the 19th century. The cell theory's third postulate
directly contardicts the theory of spontaneous
generation.
Aside from the experiments conducted by Virchow
and Remak, prior studies were initially done to test the
validityof spontaneous generation theory.

24. Redi's Experiment
Francisco Redi - an Italian
scientist, designed a
scientific experiment in 1668
to demonstrate that
maggots do not just appear
spontaneously but are
produced from the eggs of
flies.
Disprove the theory of
spontaneous generation.

25. Needham's Test
John Turberville Needham - in 1745, English Biologist attempted to
prove the spontaneous generation can occur under the right
conditions.
During that time, it was believed that heat could kill even the
tiniest of organism. He boiled the chicken broth in a container, and
then sealed it. Days later, microorganisms still grew on the surface of
the chicken broth. Supported the spontaneous generation because
there was no other source of life other than the broth.

26. Spallanzani's Experiments
Lazzaro Spallanzani - Italian scholar who sought to
verify Needham's test in 1767. Spallanzani believed that
Neddham had not heated broth enough to kill the
organisms in it.

28. Pasteur's Test
Louis Pasteur - opposed the concept of spontaneous
generation. He believed that microorganisms present in
putrefying materials are present in the air or might have
been present on the surface where decaying materials are
present.
Sterilization - process of heating was used by Pasteur to
eliminate contaminants
Pasteur's experiment gave rise to the study of
Microbiology. Later on, the sterilization process was
developed and carried out as basic procedure on both
basic and applied microbiology research.

29. Pasteur's Test

30. SCIENTIST EXPERIMENT RESULT
Francesco Redi
John Needham
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Louis Pasteur
Complete the following table
Answer the following questions:
1. Which results supported the cell theory? Why?
2. Did the contribution of Rudolf Virchow in the cell theory agree
with the theory of spontaneus generation? Why?

31. Indicate the order
of their occurance
in the field of cell
theory (with No. 1
being the first and
No. 4 as the last)
Name of Scientist
Significant
Contribution
Fill in the boxes with required information