The document provides information about the former Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.), including: - The 15 republics that made up the U.S.S.R. - Key statistics like the capital city of Moscow and official establishment in 1922. - Leaders from Lenin to Gorbachev and their native countries. - Events from the 1917 revolution to the 1991 dissolution. - Effects of the collapse including Russia losing status as an official language in most republics.

1. Created by: Viktor Gombocz and Cristi Olaraşu
Russian History

2. Countries of the former U.S.S.R.
 Armenia  Russia
 Azerbaijan  Tajikistan
 Belarus  Turkmenistan
 Estonia  Ukraine
 Georgia
 Uzbekistan
 Kazakhstan
 Kyrgyzstan
 Latvia
 Lithuania
 Moldova

3. U.S.S.R.- Statistics
 Location: Northern Eurasia, stretching from
the Eastern half of Europe to the Eastern part of
Asia.
 Capital: Moscow
 Official name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics;
abbreviated as U.S.S.R. or USSR; informal names
Soviet Union and Russia.
 Official language: Russian
 Established: Saturday, December 30, 1922
 Dissolved: Thursday, December 26, 1991

4. U.S.S.R. - Leaders
 Leader:  Native country:
 Vladimir Lenin (1917-1922)  Russia
 Joseph Stalin (1922-1953)  Georgia
 Nikita Khrushchev (1953-  Ukraine
1964)
 Leonid Brezhnev (1964-  Ukraine
1982)
 Yuri Andropov (1982-1984)
 Russia
 Constantine Chernenko
 Russia
(1984-1985)
 Russia
 Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-
1991)

5. U.S.S.R. – Satellite nations
Country Year of Russian invasion
 Yugoslavia  1943
 Poland  1944
 Albania  1946
 Bulgaria  1946
 Hungary  1947
 Romania  1947
 Czechoslovakia  1948
 East Germany  1949

6. Timeline of events
 1917: February and October (dated November  1936-1938: Stalin arrests and kills the country’s
in Russian Calendar) revolutions lead to peasants, marking the Great Purge.
overthrow of Czar Nicholas II and victory for 1938: Germany de facto annexes Austria.
Vladimir Lenin’s Bolsheviks. 1939: Non-aggression pact with Hitler and
 1918-1924: Civil War following Russia’s dismemberment of Poland; WWII
withdrawal from WWI. commences.
 1919: Treaty of Versailles is  1940: Occupation of the Baltic nations.
signed, dismembering the German Empire.  1941: Third five-year plan is disrupted by Axis
 1920: Treaty of Trianon is invasion; the U.S.S.R. joins the Allied powers.
signed, dismembering the Kingdom of Japan attacks Pearl Harbor; the United States
Hungary. enters the war.
 1922: U.S.S.R. established and recognized.  1942-1943: Battle of Stalingrad leads to first
Benito Mussolini seizes power in Italy. victory against the Germans.
 1924: Lenin dies and is succeeded by Joseph
Stalin.
 1928-1932: First five-year plan.
 1933-1937: Second five-year plan.
 1933: Adolf Hitler rises to power in Germany.

7. Timeline of Events – cont.
 1943: Tehran Conference.  1953: Stalin dies and is succeeded
 1944: The Allies stage an invasion by Nikita Khrushchev, who
in Normandy and drive German formally denounces his legacy.
forces away.  1956: Khrushchev denounces
 1945: Yalta Stalinism in his speech to the
Conference, Occupation, Battle, a Congress of the CPSU. Anti-
nd Fall of Berlin, and victory Communist Revolutions in
against Germany. Japan Hungary and Poland are crushed.
surrenders.  1957: Sputnik 1 is launched into
 1946: Stalin predicts the triumph space.
of Communism.  1958: Hungarian Anti-Communist
 1948: Berlin blockade. leader Imre Nagy is hanged for
 1949: The U.S.S.R., United treason.
States, France, and Great Britain  1959: Fidel Castro seizes power in
create West and East Germany. Cuba. Khrushchev meets with
 1950-1953: Korean War. Eisenhower.

8. Timeline of Events – cont.
 1961: Stalingrad is renamed back  1968: The Prague Spring in
to Volgograd. Bay of Pigs invasion. Czechoslovakia is crushed by the
Khrushchev meets with Kennedy Warsaw Pact.
in Vienna. Construction of the  1969: The US accomplishes their
Berlin Wall begins. goal of going to the moon.
 1962: Cuban Missile Crisis.  1972: Nixon makes his first visit to
 1963: Kennedy announces U.S. China. First meeting between
alliance with West Germany while Nixon and Brezhnev.
giving his prominent ‘’Ich bin ein  1973: The US withdraws from
Berliner’’ speech in West Berlin. Vietnam.
 1964: Khrushchev removed and  1974: Nixon resigns and Gerald R.
replaced by Leonid Ilyich Ford becomes president. SALT I
Brezhnev. Treaty is signed in Vladivostok.
 1967: Six-Day War.

9. Timeline of Events – cont.
 1976: Brezhnev is awarded the Hero  1984: Andropov dies; Konstantin
of the Soviet Union on his 70th Chernenko takes his place. The
birthday. Soviet Union boycotts the Summer
 1979: Brezhnev and Jimmy Carter Olympics in Los Angeles.
meet in Vienna to sign the SALT II  1985: Chernenko dies and is
Treaty. The Soviet Union invades replaced by Mikhail Gorbachev, who
Afghanistan. begins initiating reforms to allow
 1980: The US boycotts the Summer freedom for the Eastern Bloc
Olympics in Moscow. nations.
 1982: Brezhnev dies; Yuri Andropov  1986: The Challenger explodes on its
replaces him. way into space. Chernobyl suffers a
major nuclear leak.

10. Timeline of Events – cont.
 1987: Reagan delivers his famous ‘’Tear Down This Wall’’ speech in West Berlin;
Socialism continues to decline and draws nearer to its end.
 1988: Russian troops withdraw from Afghanistan, ending the nine-year war.
 1989: Hungarian Communist leader János Kádár dies of cancer a year after
resigning as the dictator of Hungary. The Berlin Wall is torn down. Romanian
Communist leader Nicolae Ceauşescu and his wife are indicted for crimes
against the state and are executed by a firing squad following his bloody 24-
year rule as dictator of Romania.
 1990: Gorbachev elected President of the Soviet Union. East and West
Germany join to reunify Germany.
 1991: Gorbachev kidnapped after coup in August. After being released, he
resigns. Each republic declares its independence, and the U.S.S.R. ceases to
exist after nearly 70 years. The Russian Federation is recognized as the legal
successor to the extinct state.

11. Map of the former U.S.S.R.

12. Neighboring countries of the former U.S.S.R.
 Afghanistan (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan)
 China (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan)
 Czechoslovakia (Ukraine)
 Finland (Russia)
 Hungary (Ukraine)
 Iran (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan)
 Mongolia (Russia)
 North Korea (Russia)
 Poland (Belarus, Lithuania, Ukraine)
 Romania (Moldova, Ukraine)
 Turkey (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia)

13. Effects of the collapse of the U.S.S.R.
 Russian lost status as co-official language in every post-
Soviet republic, save for Belarus, Kazakhstan, and
Kyrgyzstan.
 Russian lost its importance in the republics that refused to
allow it to remain co-official following the demise of the
U.S.S.R.
 Russian troops were withdrawn from the former satellite
nations, ending Russia’s dominance over those nations.
 The aged state’s secret police, KGB, was dissolved.
 The United States was left as the world’s biggest
superpower, ending the Cold War.

14. Flag of the U.S.S.R.

15. Russian Federation

16. New organizations
Organization Current members
 Commonwealth of Independent  Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, K
States (CIS) azakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova
, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenista
n, and Uzbekistan.

17. Membership in other organizations
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): Only three
nations of the former U.S.S.R., Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania, are members of NATO. Georgia is currently
seeking membership in NATO while other republics of the
former U.S.S.R. do not wish to join the organization.
 European Union (EU): Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are
also the only three post-Soviet states that are members of
the European Union. Georgia is looking at membership in
the EU while Ukraine is looking at becoming a candidate.
 United Nations (UN): As UN-recognized nations, all 15 of
the former states of the U.S.S.R. are members of the UN.

18. Capital cities
 Country:  Capital city:
 Armenia  Yerevan
 Azerbaijan  Baku
 Belarus  Minsk
 Estonia  Tallinn
 Georgia  Tbilisi
 Kazakhstan  Astana
 Kyrgyzstan  Bishkek
 Latvia  Riga
 Lithuania  Vilnius
 Moldova  Chişinău

19. Capital cities – cont.
 Country:  Capital city:
 Russia  Moscow
 Tajikistan  Dushanbe
 Turkmenistan  Ashgabat
 Ukraine  Kyiv
 Uzbekistan  Tashkent

20. Religion in the former U.S.S.R.
 The religions with the most followers were Christianity and
Islam, although most people of the U.S.S.R. gave up their
religious beliefs in accordance with government law.
 The religion with the least followers was Judaism; many
Soviet Jews left the U.S.S.R. to find refuge in countries like
Israel and the US because of the strong anti-Semitic ways
of the Soviet government. Today, Israel is home to many
Russian Jews; Russian is the most widely spoken unofficial
language in Israel, followed by English.

21. Vehicles from the former U.S.S.R.
 Lada
 Lada Riva
 Lada-Samara
 Lada 110
 VAZ-2101
 Moskvitch
 Volga
 Kamaz

22. Kamaz Tipper

23. THE END
 This has been a Gombocz-Olaraşu production.