The document provides a detailed timeline and overview of Russian history and politics. It traces Russia's history from the 9th century through modern times, highlighting important events, rulers, reforms, and political developments. It also describes Russia's current political system, including its federal structure, constitution, branches of government, political parties, and issues regarding human rights.

1. THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Group members: Farkhunda Eid Muhammad , Sumaira Saeed and Talha Mehtab

2. RUSSIAN HISTORY – A TIMELINE

3. 9th century– Slavic people from Ukraine and Belarus migrate into Russia,
founding Veliky Novgorod, converting to Christianity, and adopting the Cyrillic
alphabet
10-15th centuries – Golden age of KievanRus continues until the Mongol
descendants of Genghis Khan invade
 17th century – Time of troubles
1603-1613: the Swedes and Poles invade. Russia acquires new Siberian
territory. First Romanov is elected a Tsar
1703 – Peter the Great founds St Petersburg, which becomes the new Russian
capital in 1712
1725 – A princess from Germany marries into the Romanovs, becoming
Catherine the Great (1762-1796). Famous for progressive reform, infamous for her
lovers
1812 – Russia defeats Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon wanted to torture Czar
Alexander I for the way that he lead the Continental System, but Alexander knew
Napoleon wanted war and instead of attacking head on with his army, Alexander
and his troops retreated deeper and deeper into Russian territory, eventually
leading Napoleon and his troops into a trap

4. 1852 – Decembrists uprising: soldiers and nobles revolt against Czar Nicholas,
who executes and exiles the dissenters.
1894 – Nicholas II takes over as Czar and during his reign, Imperial Russia went
from being one of the greatest powers in the world to an economic disaster.
1905 – Bloody Sunday: national uprising against Tsarist rule. Prompts the
establishment of a national parliament (Duma) in 1906.
1914 – The first World War erupted between Russia, Austria, and Germany.
Eventually a number of other nations, including the United States, joined the war
effort, which became one of the most extreme conflicts in history.
1916 – Wild-eyed, womanizing Rasputin, a Siberian peasant monk, who has the
Czarina Alexandra under his spell, is murdered by Prince Felix Yusupov in St
Petersburg.
1917 – Czar Nicholas II and the Russian government were removed from power
by Russian revolutionaries.

5. 1918 – The last ruling family of Russia, including Czar Nicholas, his wife, and
their five children were executed.
1922-1940 – Under Stalin, the Soviet Union (USSR) becomes a world power
but Stalin’s regime of camps and purges throws Russia into terror.
1941-1945 – The USSR and its allies defeat Nazi Germany in WWII, known in
the USSR as The Great Patriotic War.
1953 – Stalin dies.
1959 – U.S. President Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev, Secretary of the
Communist party, argued the merits of communism and capitalism. This discussion
is known as the Kitchen Debate.
1961 – The first Russian astronaut, Yuri Gagarin, was sent into space.

6.  1985 – New leader Gorbachev’s reforms of perestroika (restructuring) and
glasnost (openness) improve Western relations.
 1991-1999 – Yeltsin becomes the first elected president of the new Russian
Federation in 1991. Economic crisis and instability ensues and war with
Chechnya results in numerous victims.
 1999-2009 – Native St Petersburg Vladimir Putin takes over and is credited
for re-establishing the rule of law during his eight years in office. Russia
becomes more stable and prosperous, thanks to gas and oil exports. Putin’s
popularity knows no boundaries. Another local, Dmitry Medvedev is elected
President in March 2008 with overwhelming support.
 2010 - 8 AprilThe New START treaty, which would cut the nuclear arsenals of
Russia and the United States by a third, was signed.
 2012 - 4 March Russian presidential election, 2012: Vladimir Putin won,
earning 63.6 percent of the vote.

7. POLITICAL SYSTEM OF
RUSSIA

8. FEDERALISM
 Union was highly centralized, it had a
federal government structure.
 Russian Federation also federal, with
the current regime consisting of 83
regions
 Putin ended direct election of the 83
regional governors, they are now
nominated by the president and
confirmed by the regional legislatures
 Putin created 7 federal districts with
appointed “super governors”

9. CONSTITUTION OF 1993
 March 1993 parliament attempted
to impeach Yeltsin
 Legislative-led coup tried to take
control of the government
 Yeltsin dissolved legislature, called
for new elections
 Although opposition leaders were
arrested, Yeltsin’s opponents won
the majority in the new legislature
 Radical Vladimir Zhirinovsky’s
Liberal Party did surprisingly
well (reflected disappointments
with reforms)
 Despite losing control of the
legislature Yeltsin was able to get
approval for the new constitution:
Constitution of 1993

10. CONSTITUTION OF 1993
 Created a three-branch
government
 President & Prime Minister
(dual executive)
 Lower legislative house
(Duma)
 Constitutional Court (has
power of judicial review)
 Mixed
Presidential/Parliamentary
system

11. POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
 Present is the head of the state.
 The Present serves the country for four years but some amendments
were made in 2008 ( six years)
 The President’s house is in Kremlin Moscow.
 He is elected by votes.
Powers/authorities of the President
 He is responsible to define the domestic and foreign policy guidelines
of the state.
 He shall perform the duty of Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Force.
 He is responsible to resolve conflicts.
 He is responsible to elect Prime Minister.
 He is responsible to ensure the rights of the citizens.
 He is the guarantor of the constitution.
 He is also responsible to protect the state.

12. PRIME MINISTER
 Prime Minister is the head of the government.
 The Prime Minister is selected by the President and approved by the
Duma.
 The White House is the Government house situated in Moscow.
Duties of the Government
 It ensures the implementation of the domestic as well as the foreign
policy.
 It ensures the law, freedom and human rights in the state.
 It ensures the implementation of the financial and monetary policy.
 It makes the draft of the federal budget.

13. BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE
 Duma
 Lower House
 450 deputies
 All chosen by proportional
representation
 Passes Bills, approves
budgets
 Confirms president’s political
appointments (PM)
 Votes of confidence (PM)
 Impeach president
 Federation Council
 Upper House
 Two members from each of
the 83 regions
 Half now appointed by
president
 Confirm judicial appointment
 Power to delay legislation
 Ratify treaties
 Approve troop deployments

14. JUDICIARY
 The Court of General Jurisdiction
 Created by 1993 Constitution
 Serves as final court of appeals in criminal & civil cases
 Constitutional Court
 Created by 1993 Constitutions.
 19 members
Has power of judicial review and makes sure the implementation of
laws.
 Arbitration Court
 Resolves the disputes of property or land between two parties.

15. POLITICAL PARTIES
The names of the political parties of Russia are following:
Communist Party (Gennady Zyuganov)
The ideology of Communist Party is based on
communism.
United Russia (Putin)
The ideology of United Russia is based on centrism,
conservatism and statism.
Liberal Democratic Party (Vladimir Zhirinovsky)
The ideology of LDP is based on Russian nationalism,
populism.
Yabloko ( Yavlinsky)
The ideology of Yabloko Party is based on Social liberalism.

17. HUMAN RIGHTS

18. What is meant by human rights?
Human rights are the rights inherent to all
human beings, whatever our nationality, place
of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin,
color, religion and language or any other status.
Condition of human rights in
Russia
Russia super power country. It is an
independent federal state. The condition of
human right in Russia is neither good nor bad.
There are so many ENGo’s working in Russia
for the betterment of the quality of life. The
President of Russia has banned on gay system
and passed an anti-gay bill but inspite of these
efforts the condition of human rights is worst.

19. RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES OF MAN AND
CITIZEN
According to the chapter 2 of constitution of 1973 a citizen or man has the
following rights.
 The state shall guarantee the equality of rights and liberties regardless of
sex, origin, nationality, language, race etc.
 The dignity of the person shall be protected by the state.
 No one may be subjected to torture and violence.
 Everyone who is lawfully staying on the territory of Russian Federation
shall have the right to freedom of movement and choose the place to
reside.
 The freedom of the mass media shall be guaranteed.
 Citizens shall have the right to have their own land.
 Work shall be free.
 Everyone shall have the right to health care and medical assistance.
 State protection for human rights and liberties shall be guaranteed.
 Freedom of thought and speech shall be guaranteed.
 Everyone shall be guaranteed protection of his/her rights in a court of law.

20. ATTACKS ON HUMAN
RIGHTS DEFENDERS
SOCHI OLYMPIC
ISSUE
CRITICISM ON MEDIA MIGRANTS ISSUE
ISSUES OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN RUSSIA

21. SOCHI WORKERS
ISSUE
ISSUES OF
PALLIATIVE CARE

22. NGOS IN RUSSIA
The following NGOS are working in Russia for the betterment
of the society and quality of life.
Action Against Hunger
It provides emergency aid and reliefs, nutrition and food
health.
Adventist Development Relief Agency
It helps in economic development and provides humanitarian
assistance.
Academy of Educational Development
It provides education, training in social marketing and works for
the youth and environment development.
America’s Development Foundation
It works for the betterment of civil society and human rights.
Anti Slavery international
It works to stop child labor, forced labor and human rights
Trafficking.