The document discusses the five areas of expertise of a software architect: 1. Technology - Having strong technical skills including writing code, understanding technologies, and solving difficult problems. 2. Technical communication - Effectively communicating technical concepts to both technical and non-technical audiences. 3. Human communication - Having strong empathy, influencing, and communication skills to work with various teams. 4. Domain knowledge - Understanding the business domain including customers, competitors, and market factors. 5. Architectural methods - Applying design principles, patterns, and processes to software architecture.