This document summarizes a research paper that aims to explore ways to reduce "documentation debt" by encouraging software developers to document code. It discusses how lack of documentation increases maintenance costs. While developers recognize the importance of documentation, in practice code is often not well-documented. The paper proposes using persuasive technology and tool triggers to motivate developers to document code as they work. It outlines a study where developers will use a tool that reminds them to add comments, and compares documentation levels between groups with and without social motivation features. The goal is to create a utility to encourage documentation and reduce technical debt.
The Role of the Software Architect (short version)Hayim Makabee
Talk at the First Israeli Conference on Software Architecture
http://www.iltam.org/sw-arch2014/
Abstract:
In this talk Hayim will present the practical aspects of the role of the Software Architect, including the architect's contribution at the diverse stages of the software development life cycle, and the cooperation with the diverse stakeholders: Developers, Team Leaders, Project Managers, QA and Technical Writers.
Bio: Hayim Makabee was born in Rio de Janeiro. He immigrated to Israel in 1992 and completed his M.Sc. studies on Computer Sciences at the Technion. Since then he worked for several hi-tech companies, including also some start-ups. Currently he is a Research Engineer at Yahoo! Labs Haifa. He is also a co-founder of the International Association of Software Architects in Israel.
Programmer Productivity Enhancement Through Controlled Natural Language Inputijseajournal
We have created CABERNET, a Controlled Nature Language (CNL) based approach to program creation. CABERNET allows programmers to use a simple outline-based syntax. This allows increased programmer efficiency and syntax flexibility. CNLs have successfully been used for writing requirements documents. We propose taking this approach well beyond this to fully functional programs. Through the use of heuristics and inference to analyze and determine the programmer’s intent we are able to create fully functional mobile applications. The goal is for programs to be aligned with the way that the humans think rather than the way computers process information. Through the use of templates a CABERNET application can be processed to run on multiple run time environments. Because processing of a CABERNET program file results in native application program performance is maintained.
Software Engineering - Ch1 introduction
This material is based on chapter 1 of “Software Engineering (l0th Edition)” by Ian Sommerville. Addison Wesley, 2015, ISBN-10: 0137035152.
https://iansommerville.com/software-engineering-book/
The Role of the Software Architect (short version)Hayim Makabee
Talk at the First Israeli Conference on Software Architecture
http://www.iltam.org/sw-arch2014/
Abstract:
In this talk Hayim will present the practical aspects of the role of the Software Architect, including the architect's contribution at the diverse stages of the software development life cycle, and the cooperation with the diverse stakeholders: Developers, Team Leaders, Project Managers, QA and Technical Writers.
Bio: Hayim Makabee was born in Rio de Janeiro. He immigrated to Israel in 1992 and completed his M.Sc. studies on Computer Sciences at the Technion. Since then he worked for several hi-tech companies, including also some start-ups. Currently he is a Research Engineer at Yahoo! Labs Haifa. He is also a co-founder of the International Association of Software Architects in Israel.
Programmer Productivity Enhancement Through Controlled Natural Language Inputijseajournal
We have created CABERNET, a Controlled Nature Language (CNL) based approach to program creation. CABERNET allows programmers to use a simple outline-based syntax. This allows increased programmer efficiency and syntax flexibility. CNLs have successfully been used for writing requirements documents. We propose taking this approach well beyond this to fully functional programs. Through the use of heuristics and inference to analyze and determine the programmer’s intent we are able to create fully functional mobile applications. The goal is for programs to be aligned with the way that the humans think rather than the way computers process information. Through the use of templates a CABERNET application can be processed to run on multiple run time environments. Because processing of a CABERNET program file results in native application program performance is maintained.
Software Engineering - Ch1 introduction
This material is based on chapter 1 of “Software Engineering (l0th Edition)” by Ian Sommerville. Addison Wesley, 2015, ISBN-10: 0137035152.
https://iansommerville.com/software-engineering-book/
Software Engineering Undergraduate Course Presentations
Software Engineering Principles
University of Vale do Itajaí
Univali
Incremental Tecnologia
English version
Software Engineering Undergraduate Course Presentations
Software Engineering Principles
University of Vale do Itajaí
Univali
Incremental Tecnologia
English version
STRATEGIES TO REDUCE REWORK IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ON AN ORGANISATION IN MAU...ijseajournal
Rework is a known vicious circle in software development since it plays a central role in the generation of
delays, extra costs and diverse risks introduced after software delivery. It eventually triggers a negative
impact on the quality of the software developed. In order to cater the rework issue, this paper goes in depth
with the notion of rework in software development as it occurs in practice by analysing a development
process on an organisation in Mauritius where rework is a major issue. Meticulous strategies to reduce
rework are then analysed and discussed. The paper ultimately leads to the recommendation of the best
strategy that is software configuration management to reduce the rework problem in software development
Appendix AProof of effectiveness of some of the agile methods us.docxarmitageclaire49
Appendix A
Proof of effectiveness of some of the agile methods used to develop systems requirements
In all software development methodologies, the process of collecting, understanding and managing all requirements for a system is a crucial process in software development. Similar to all this other methods, agile methods are not exceptional. Most agile method handle requirements in order to implement them as much accurately as possible to satisfy all the customer demands. This is usually achieved by maintaining a continuous interaction with the customers to address their needs according to priority and functionalities. In this appendix, we shall be focusing on continuous process of improving the development process.
Some agile methods include the following
1. eXtreme Programming (XP) – it improves a software project in communication, simplicity, feedback and courage.
2. scrum- this is an agile, iterative and incremental method which takes care of all changes that may come across in the life-cycle of the project. Basically, it adds energy, focus and clarity to development teams. Its major aim is ot see the whole system being a successful product.
3. Dynamic system, development method (DSDM)
4. Adaptive software development (ASD)- this is a development process that is a product of rapid application development. It has four phases of communication and planning, analysis, testing & deployment and design and deployment.
5. the crystal family
Due to availability of these various methods, the potential adopters may experience a challenge of determining what to apply on its own and therefore there was need to define a document containing all the necessary values and common qualities to be used across all agile methods. This document is the Agile Manifesto and focuses mainly on human interactivity and processes management.
1. Individual and interaction over various processes and tasks. Usually the agile process will focus more on people and their interactivity but not on the structural processes and tools.
2. Working software and documentation. Main objective of the developers is actually delivering a functional code which will always add value to our users. Well documented code is always self-documented.
3. Responding to change over planning. Here developers are required to respond very fast to the requirements variations. Time used in planning is minimal compared to what our users actually requires.
4. Customer collaboration over contracts. The mutual relationship of the developers and susers of our system is monitored and regulated through engaging the customer in the development process.
The figure below shows the steps in agile methodologies which focus on an iteration and adaptable change.
5.
Tools needed for requirement management in agile methods of system development.
1. The most popular tools in agile methods include paper, pencil a drawing pin board. If we consider eXtreme programming requirements are obtained from user stories which ar.
Software Project Documentation - An Essence of Software DevelopmentEswar Publications
Software documentation is a critical attribute of both software projects and software engineering in general.
Documentation is considered as a media of communication among the parties involved during software development as
well the one who will be using the software. It consists of written particulars concerning software specifications as well as what it does, in which manner it accomplishes the specified details and even how to exercise it. In this paper, we tried to focus on the role of documentation in software projects.
An Agile Software Development FrameworkWaqas Tariq
Agility in software projects can be attained when software development methodologies attain to external factors and provide a framework internally for keeping software development projects focused. Developer practices are the most important factor that has to cope with the challenges. Agile development assumes a project context where the customer is actively collaborating with the development team. The greatest problem agile teams face is too little involvement from the customer. For a project to be agile, the developers have to cope with this lack of collaboration. Embracing changing requirements is not enough to make agile methods cope with business and technology changes. This paper provides a conceptual framework for tailoring agile methodologies to face different challenges. The framework is comprised of three factors, namely, developer practices, customer collaboration, and predicting change
Abstract
Researchers in the field of software engineering, business process improvement and information engineering all want to drastically modernize software life-cycle processes and technologies to correct the problems and to improve the quality of software. Research goals have included ancillary issues, such as improving user services through conversion to new platforms and facilitating software processes by adopting automated tools. Automated tools for software development, understanding, maintenance, and documentation add to process maturity, leading to better quality and reliability of computer services and greater customer satisfaction. This paper focuses on critical issues of legacy program improvement. The program improvement needs the estimation of program from various perspectives. The paper highlights various elements of legacy program complexity which further can be taken in account for further program development.
Keywords: Legacy, Program, Software complexity, Code, Integration
To document or not to document? An exploratory study on developers' motivatio...Hayim Makabee
Abstract: Technical debt represents the situation in a project where developers accept compromises in one dimension of a system in order to meet urgent demands in other dimensions. These compromises incur a “debt”, on which “interest” has to be paid to maintain the long-term health of the project. One of the elements of technical debt is documentation debt due to under-documentation of the evolving system. In this exploratory study, our goal is to examine the different aspects of developers' motivation to document code. Specifically, we aim to identify the motivating and hindering aspects of documentation as perceived by the developers. The motivating aspects of code documenting we find include improving code comprehensibility, order, and quality. The hindering aspects include developers’ perception of documenting as a tedious, difficult, and time consuming task that interrupts the coding process. These findings may serve as a basis for developing guidelines toward improving documentation practices and encouraging developers to document their code thus reducing documentation debt.
AN ITERATIVE HYBRID AGILE METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING ARCHIVING SYSTEMSijseajournal
With the massive growth of the organizations files, the needs for archiving system become a must. A lot of time is consumed in collecting requirements from the organization to build an archiving system. Sometimes the system does not meet the organization needs. This paper proposes a domain-based requirement engineering system that efficiently and effectively develops different archiving systems based on new
suggested technique that merges the two best used agile methodologies: extreme programming (XP) and SCRUM. The technique is tested on a real case study. The results shows that the time and effort consumed during analyzing and designing the archiving systems decreased significantly. The proposed methodology also reduces the system errors that may happen at the early stages of the development of the system.
AN ITERATIVE HYBRID AGILE METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING ARCHIVING SYSTEMSijseajournal
With the massive growth of the organizations files, the needs for archiving system become a must. A lot of
time is consumed in collecting requirements from the organization to build an archiving system. Sometimes
the system does not meet the organization needs. This paper proposes a domain-based requirement
engineering system that efficiently and effectively develops different archiving systems based on new
suggested technique that merges the two best used agile methodologies: extreme programming (XP) and
SCRUM. The technique is tested on a real case study. The results shows that the time and effort consumed
during analyzing and designing the archiving systems decreased significantly. The proposed methodology
also reduces the system errors that may happen at the early stages of the development of the system.
Technical debt is a metaphor for the gap between the current state of
a software system and its hypothesized ‘ideal’ state. One of the significant and
under-investigated elements of technical debt is documentation debt, which
may occur when code is created without supporting internal documentation,
such as code comments. Studies have shown that outdated or lacking
documentation is a considerable contributor to increased costs of software
systems maintenance. The importance of comments is often overlooked by
software developers, resulting in a notably slower growth rate of comments
compared to the growth rate of code in software projects. This research aims to
explore and better understand developers’ reluctance to document code, and
accordingly to propose efficient ways of using persuasive technology to
encourage programmers to document their code. The results may assist software
practitioners and project managers to control and reduce documentation debt.
1. Emergence of Software EngineeringIn the software industry, we.docxjackiewalcutt
1. Emergence of Software Engineering
In the software industry, we have seen the complexity of computer-based systems increase dramatically over the past decades along with advances in technology. This new technology has increased the demand for computer-based systems to control many infrastructures with software. As a result, designing and building cost-effective, reliable, and high-quality software has become the focus of software engineering in the computer industry.
In the past the processes used for designing and developing software were very informal, which contributed to the rise in development and maintenance costs. The results of ad hoc development processes contributed to a higher percentage of unreliable and lesser quality products entering the marketplace. Many accidents resulted from failures in computer-based systems with hardware devices that were controlled with software. At the time, the industry was considered to be in a crisis state, which then led to the emergence of new practices and methods in software engineering.
Technological advances have had a big impact on the complexity level required in software systems. The emergence of new communication protocols, hardware devices, and graphical user interface components have placed a greater demand on software engineers to design quality, reliable, and safe software.
A Brief History of Software Engineering
In the 1950s and the early 1960s, the various engineering disciplines were beginning to analyze how aspects of the engineering field could be applied to methods used in developing software products. As computing power evolved over the decades, the demand increased along with the complexity of the problems that needed to be addressed in the design of software. The term software engineering was introduced in 1968 at the first international software engineering conference, held by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Science Committee (Mahoney 2004). Many practitioners believe this is the milestone that marked the emergence of the software engineering discipline.
Software was developed to control critical hardware devices in the mid- to late-1960s and early 1970s. During this time, cases emerged that involved operational errors and accidents resulting in the loss of human lives and damage to property. Defects in software were uncovered, which heightened public awareness to the need for better quality and reliability of software. The escalating cost of building quality and reliable software was on the rise in the computer industry and the demand for skilled programmers could not be met. The state of software development was viewed by practitioners as being in a "crisis" state and was commonly referred to as the software crisis.
In response to the software crisis, researchers and practitioners have been trying to develop a set of methodologies, processes, and tools as the "silver bullet" for building software. The combination of these methodologies, processes, and tools i ...
Requirement engineering is a key ingredient for software development to be effective. Apart from the
traditional software requirement which is not much appropriate for new emerging software such as smart
handheld device based software. In many perspectives of requirement engineering, traditional and new
emerging software are not similar. Whereas requirement engineering of traditional software needs more
research, it is obvious that new emerging software needs methodically and in-depth research for improved
productivity, quality, risk management and validity. In particular, the result of this paper shows that how
effective requirement engineering can improve in project negotiation, project planning, managing feature
creep, testing, defect, rework and product quality. This paper also shows a new methodology which is
focused on users work process applicable for eliciting the requirement of traditional software and any new
type software of smart handheld device such as iPad. As an example, the paper shows how the methodology
will be applied as a software requirement of iPad-based software for play-group students.
Application Modernization and its Impact on Business Transformation.pdfbasilmph
A typical plan to extend the life of legacy applications is to move parts of the application over
time, but this can be an extremely time-consuming process. It is more efficient to build a new
application using new technologies while using the existing code as a foundation.
This declarative approach is called the application modernization strategy. It involves dealing
with critical application elements in legacy software and is considered the lever for business
transformation and API management platforms.
The software industry has had significant progress
in recent years. The entire life of software includes two phases:
Production and Maintenance. Software maintenance cost is
increasingly growing and estimates showed that about 90%, if
software life cost is related to its maintenance phase. Extraction
and considering the factors affecting software maintenance cost
help to estimate the cost and reduce it by controlling the factors.
Cost estimation of maintenance phase is necessary to predict the
reliability, improve the productivity, project planning, controlling
and adaptability of the software. Though there are various models
to estimate the maintenance cost of traditional software like
COCOMO, SLIM, Function Point etc., but till now there is no
such model to estimate the maintenance cost using fourth
generation language environment. Software maintenance will
continue to exist in the fourth generation environment, as systems
will still be required to evolve. In this kind of situation there is
needed to develop a model to estimate the maintenance cost using
fourth generation environment. We propose a systematic
approach and development for software maintenance cost
estimation model using fourth generation language environment
on the basis of COCOMO II. This model is based on three
parameters: SMCE with Fourth Generation Language
Environment, ACT (Annual Change Traffic), Technical and NonTechnical
factors which affect the maintenance cost. The
favorable results closely matching and it can be achieved by using
model implementation.
The software industry has had significant progress
in recent years. The entire life of software includes two phases:
Production and Maintenance. Software maintenance cost is
increasingly growing and estimates showed that about 90%, if
software life cost is related to its maintenance phase. Extraction
and considering the factors affecting software maintenance cost
help to estimate the cost and reduce it by controlling the factors.
Cost estimation of maintenance phase is necessary to predict the
reliability, improve the productivity, project planning, controlling
and adaptability of the software. Though there are various models
to estimate the maintenance cost of traditional software like
COCOMO, SLIM, Function Point etc., but till now there is no
such model to estimate the maintenance cost using fourth
generation language environment. Software maintenance will
continue to exist in the fourth generation environment, as systems
will still be required to evolve. In this kind of situation there is
needed to develop a model to estimate the maintenance cost using
fourth generation environment. We propose a systematic
approach and development for software maintenance cost
estimation model using fourth generation language environment
on the basis of COCOMO II. This model is based on three
parameters: SMCE with Fourth Generation Language
Environment, ACT (Annual Change Traffic), Technical and NonTechnical
factors which affect the maintenance cost. The
favorable results closely matching and it can be achieved by using
model implementation.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Similar to Reducing Technical Debt: Using Persuasive Technology for Encouraging Software Developers to Document Code (20)
Networking is overrated! You must invest in your Reputation!
Speaker: Hayim Makabee, CTO at Dooiu
In this talk Hayim will share useful guidelines about how to manage and develop your personal reputation.
Hayim will focus on providing practical advice about how to create opportunities by generating value to the people in your professional network.
In general the goal of networking is to create new opportunities. These may be business opportunities, partnership opportunities or job opportunities. But what really creates new opportunities is our reputation.
Having a good reputation means that:
People will remember you. They will remember you for many years since they had the last interaction with you.
People will recommend you. They will introduce you to their own contacts whenever they think you may contribute.
People will constantly offer you new opportunities. They will invite you when they have a job opening, or when they need a partner or an adviser.
About the speaker:
Hayim Makabee is the CTO of Dooiu, an innovative Social Fintech. Hayim has over 25 years of experience in the Israeli high-tech industry, having held leadership roles as a Software Architect and Machine Learning specialist. He is also a mentor at Gvahim, where he helps new Olim to develop their professional careers in Israel. Hayim holds a M.Sc. in Computer Science from Technion and is the author of a book and several scientific publications.
About Dooiu:
Dooiu is a platform from which two or more people can make calls and exchange knowledge for money. Dooiu is a solution for communicating to each other and making payments in a simple and clear way. It allows those who sell their time as teachers, consultants, or experts to increase their income and grow professionally. Also, it enables any person who wants to consult on any topic to pay a fair price for the services received.
Applications of Machine Learning - INDT WebinarHayim Makabee
INDT Webinar about Applications of Machine Learning.
In these slides Hayim Makabee presents several applications of Machine Learning and their impact on our lives, including Recommender Systems and Autonomous Vehicles, with several examples of recent innovations in the fields of Industry, Health and Agriculture.
In these slides Hayim Makabee presents several applications of Machine Learning and their impact on our lives, including Recommender Systems and Autonomous Vehicles.
In these slides Hayim Makabee explains how we applied the Blue Ocean Strategy to plan the main features of the KashKlik platform and its business model.
Managing your Reputation Gvahim WebinarHayim Makabee
Useful guidelines about how to manage and develop your personal reputation. Practical advice about how to create opportunities by generating value to the people in your professional network. Presented by Hayim Makabee as a Gvahim Webinar on June 2020.
Useful guidelines about how to manage and develop your personal reputation. Practical advice about how to create opportunities by generating value to the people in your professional network.
The Story of a Young Oleh (Immigrant in Israel)Hayim Makabee
The Story of a Young Oleh (Immigrant in Israel) by Hayim Makabee
Presentation prepared for the Taglit groups (August 2018)
Taglit-Birthright Israel, also known as Birthright Israel or simply Birthright, is a not-for-profit educational organization that sponsors free ten-day heritage trips to Israel for young adults of Jewish heritage, aged 18–32.
Software Architecture for Agile DevelopmentHayim Makabee
Slides of a workshop given at Herzliya on June/2017, organized by ILTAM and IASA Israel. This workshop was dedicated to the topic of Software Architecture in the context of Agile Development. We answered the question: “How much Design Up Front should be done in an Agile project?” Hayim presented his approach of Adaptable Design Up Front (ADUF), describing its rationale, applications in practice and comparison to other approaches such as Emergent Design. He explained why adaptability is essential for the development of complex software systems using Agile methods. The concepts were illustrated through practical software architecture approaches such as micro-services and examples of real software systems that were developed in the past. The workshop also included an exercise on the definition and evolution of the design of an interesting system.
Adaptable Designs for Agile Software DevelopmentHayim Makabee
Abstract: This talk introduces the concept of Adaptable Software Design, and explains why adaptability is essential for the development of complex software systems using Agile methods. The concepts are illustrated through practical software architecture approaches such as micro-services.
The concept of Antifragility was introduced by Nassim Taleb to describe systems that benefit from impacts and volatility.
In this talk we will discuss how this concept may be applied in the field of Software Design with the goal of developing Change-Resilient Systems.
In particular we will address two patterns which frequently appear in Antifragile systems:
1) The Barbell Strategy and the importance of the separation between high-level abstract elements and concrete implementation details.
2) The Componentization Strategy and its applications in SOA, Microservices and Software Product Lines.
To document or not to document? An exploratory study on developers' motivatio...Hayim Makabee
Abstract: Technical debt represents the situation in a project where developers accept compromises in one dimension of a system in order to meet urgent demands in other dimensions. These compromises incur a “debt”, on which “interest” has to be paid to maintain the long-term health of the project. One of the elements of technical debt is documentation debt due to under-documentation of the evolving system. In this exploratory study, our goal is to examine the different aspects of developers' motivation to document code. Specifically, we aim to identify the motivating and hindering aspects of documentation as perceived by the developers. The motivating aspects of code documenting we find include improving code comprehensibility, order, and quality. The hindering aspects include developers’ perception of documenting as a tedious, difficult, and time consuming task that interrupts the coding process. These findings may serve as a basis for developing guidelines toward improving documentation practices and encouraging developers to document their code thus reducing documentation debt.
The SOLID Principles Illustrated by Design PatternsHayim Makabee
The goal of the SOLID design principles is to improve the Separation of Concerns, through weaker Coupling and stronger Cohesion. The main consequence should be software systems that are easier to maintain and to extend. However the definition of the SOLID principles is quite abstract, and some developers find it difficult to apply them in practice. In my talk I will show how well-known Design Patterns illustrate the application of the SOLID principles, and also show examples of how to follow these principles to Refactor and improve existing designs.
About the speaker:
Hayim Makabee was born in Rio de Janeiro. He immigrated to Israel in 1992 and completed his M.Sc. studies on Computer Sciences at the Technion. Since then he worked for several hi-tech companies, including also some start-ups. Currently he is a co-founder of the International Association of Software Architects (IASA) in Israel. Hayim is the author of a book about Object-Oriented Programming and has published papers in the fields of Software Engineering, Distributed Systems and Genetic Algorithms.
The quality of software systems may be expressed as a collection of Software Quality Attributes. When the system requirements are defined, it is essential also to define what is expected regarding these quality attributes, since these expectations will guide the planning of the system architecture and design.
Software quality attributes may be classified into two main categories: static and dynamic. Static quality attributes are the ones that reflect the system’s structure and organization. Examples of static attributes are coupling, cohesion, complexity, maintainability and extensibility. Dynamic attributes are the ones that reflect the behavior of the system during its execution. Examples of dynamic attributes are memory usage, latency, throughput, scalability, robustness and fault-tolerance.
Following the definitions of expectations regarding the quality attributes, it is essential to devise ways to measure them and verify that the implemented system satisfies the requirements. Some static attributes may be measured through static code analysis tools, while others require effective design and code reviews. The measuring and verification of dynamic attributes requires the usage of special non-functional testing tools such as profilers and simulators.
In this talk I will discuss the main Software Quality attributes, both static and dynamic, examples of requirements, and practical guidelines on how to measure and verify these attributes.
Title: The Role of the Software Architect
Speaker: Hayim Makabee, co-founder of the Israeli Chapter of the International Association of Software Architects (IASA)
Abstract:
In this talk Hayim will present the practical aspects of the role of the Software Architect, including:
- The four areas of expertise: Design, Domain, Technology and Methodology.
- The cooperation with stakeholders: Developers, Team Leaders, Project Managers, QA and Technical Writers.
Understanding the expected areas of expertise is essential for the architect to develop his/her professional skills.
Understanding how to cooperate with the diverse stakeholders is essential to improve the architect's impact and effectiveness.
In the context of Iterative Software Development, we ask the question: How much design should be done "up front"?
We propose the approach of Adaptable Design Up Front, which focuses on capturing the essential aspects of the system and plans for extensibility and adaptability.
Developing Distributed High-performance Computing Capabilities of an Open Sci...Globus
COVID-19 had an unprecedented impact on scientific collaboration. The pandemic and its broad response from the scientific community has forged new relationships among public health practitioners, mathematical modelers, and scientific computing specialists, while revealing critical gaps in exploiting advanced computing systems to support urgent decision making. Informed by our team’s work in applying high-performance computing in support of public health decision makers during the COVID-19 pandemic, we present how Globus technologies are enabling the development of an open science platform for robust epidemic analysis, with the goal of collaborative, secure, distributed, on-demand, and fast time-to-solution analyses to support public health.
Large Language Models and the End of ProgrammingMatt Welsh
Talk by Matt Welsh at Craft Conference 2024 on the impact that Large Language Models will have on the future of software development. In this talk, I discuss the ways in which LLMs will impact the software industry, from replacing human software developers with AI, to replacing conventional software with models that perform reasoning, computation, and problem-solving.
Experience our free, in-depth three-part Tendenci Platform Corporate Membership Management workshop series! In Session 1 on May 14th, 2024, we began with an Introduction and Setup, mastering the configuration of your Corporate Membership Module settings to establish membership types, applications, and more. Then, on May 16th, 2024, in Session 2, we focused on binding individual members to a Corporate Membership and Corporate Reps, teaching you how to add individual members and assign Corporate Representatives to manage dues, renewals, and associated members. Finally, on May 28th, 2024, in Session 3, we covered questions and concerns, addressing any queries or issues you may have.
For more Tendenci AMS events, check out www.tendenci.com/events
Enhancing Research Orchestration Capabilities at ORNL.pdfGlobus
Cross-facility research orchestration comes with ever-changing constraints regarding the availability and suitability of various compute and data resources. In short, a flexible data and processing fabric is needed to enable the dynamic redirection of data and compute tasks throughout the lifecycle of an experiment. In this talk, we illustrate how we easily leveraged Globus services to instrument the ACE research testbed at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility with flexible data and task orchestration capabilities.
Into the Box Keynote Day 2: Unveiling amazing updates and announcements for modern CFML developers! Get ready for exciting releases and updates on Ortus tools and products. Stay tuned for cutting-edge innovations designed to boost your productivity.
Paketo Buildpacks : la meilleure façon de construire des images OCI? DevopsDa...Anthony Dahanne
Les Buildpacks existent depuis plus de 10 ans ! D’abord, ils étaient utilisés pour détecter et construire une application avant de la déployer sur certains PaaS. Ensuite, nous avons pu créer des images Docker (OCI) avec leur dernière génération, les Cloud Native Buildpacks (CNCF en incubation). Sont-ils une bonne alternative au Dockerfile ? Que sont les buildpacks Paketo ? Quelles communautés les soutiennent et comment ?
Venez le découvrir lors de cette session ignite
Why React Native as a Strategic Advantage for Startup Innovation.pdfayushiqss
Do you know that React Native is being increasingly adopted by startups as well as big companies in the mobile app development industry? Big names like Facebook, Instagram, and Pinterest have already integrated this robust open-source framework.
In fact, according to a report by Statista, the number of React Native developers has been steadily increasing over the years, reaching an estimated 1.9 million by the end of 2024. This means that the demand for this framework in the job market has been growing making it a valuable skill.
But what makes React Native so popular for mobile application development? It offers excellent cross-platform capabilities among other benefits. This way, with React Native, developers can write code once and run it on both iOS and Android devices thus saving time and resources leading to shorter development cycles hence faster time-to-market for your app.
Let’s take the example of a startup, which wanted to release their app on both iOS and Android at once. Through the use of React Native they managed to create an app and bring it into the market within a very short period. This helped them gain an advantage over their competitors because they had access to a large user base who were able to generate revenue quickly for them.
Check out the webinar slides to learn more about how XfilesPro transforms Salesforce document management by leveraging its world-class applications. For more details, please connect with sales@xfilespro.com
If you want to watch the on-demand webinar, please click here: https://www.xfilespro.com/webinars/salesforce-document-management-2-0-smarter-faster-better/
Strategies for Successful Data Migration Tools.pptxvarshanayak241
Data migration is a complex but essential task for organizations aiming to modernize their IT infrastructure and leverage new technologies. By understanding common challenges and implementing these strategies, businesses can achieve a successful migration with minimal disruption. Data Migration Tool like Ask On Data play a pivotal role in this journey, offering features that streamline the process, ensure data integrity, and maintain security. With the right approach and tools, organizations can turn the challenge of data migration into an opportunity for growth and innovation.
Exploring Innovations in Data Repository Solutions - Insights from the U.S. G...Globus
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2. 208 Y. Shmerlin, D. Kliger, and H. Makabee
Recently, the metaphor of technical debt has been widely used to describe the gap,
both in functionality and quality, between “the current state of a software system and
a hypothesized ‘ideal’ state, in which the system is optimally successful in a particular
environment” [4]. One form of technical debt is internal documentation debt [20], i.e.,
inappropriate, insufficient or non-existing internal documentation. Low-quality
documentation is known to affect negatively quality attributes such as maintainability
[18][16].
Previous works have identified some of the reasons for poor documentation in
software systems. For example, many developers are under-motivated to document,
since they perceive writing internal documentation as a secondary task, as opposed to
writing the code itself [4]. Moreover, some software development approaches
promote the idea that good code should be self-explanatory [17], and therefore
comments are not always necessary.
Our goal is to address these and other causes for low-quality documentation, and
propose practical solutions that may be adopted to improve this situation. In particular,
we believe that a combination of a persuasive technology approach with advanced tool
support may transform the nature of internal documentation tasks, in such ways that
software developers will choose to adopt them. This paper describes practical
experiments that we plan to conduct in order to examine if and how developers can be
encouraged to improve documentation and thus reduce documentation debt.
2 Problem Background and Description
Technical debt can be seen as a compromise between a project’s different dimensions,
for example, a strict deadline and the number of bugs in the released software product.
“Shipping first time code is like going into debt. A little debt speeds development so
long as it is paid back promptly with a rewrite” [5]. Technical debt is defined as the
gap between the current and the ideal states of a software system [1]. This suggests that
known defects, unimplemented features and outdated documentation are all considered
aspects of debt. Despite the increasing interest in technical debt among both academics
and practitioners, this metaphor still lacks a more rigorous and specific definition. Tom
et al. [20] identified different elements of technical debt, such as code debt,
architecture debt, infrastructure debt, and documentation debt. Devising ways to reduce
the latter is the focus of the current study.
Documentation quality has a direct effect on software maintenance. Software
maintenance usually refers to the activities carried out after the development
completion, and is the most expensive part in the lifecycle of modern software systems
[1]. Maintenance includes a broad spectrum of activities, such as error correction,
enhancements of capabilities, deletion of obsolete capabilities and optimization. In
order to perform these activities effectively, correct and up-to-date technical
documentation is required. Outdated or lacking documentation increases the
maintenance costs [18].
Yet, currently, lack of proper documentation during development and release of
software systems is prevalent [6]. According to Pfleeger [16] 40%- 60% of the
maintenance time is spent on studying the software prior to modification because of
the lack of appropriate documentation. Additional studies have shown that source
3. Reducing Technical Debt: Using Persuasive Technology 209
code comments are the most important artifact to understand a system to be
maintained [7] and that inline comments can greatly assist in the maintenance work of
software engineers [14]. Programs with appropriate documentation were found to be
considerably more understandable than those without documentation comments [21].
Despite the importance of documentation, there is evidence in the literature that
source code and comments do not evolve in the same rate. Fluri et al. [9] found that
newly added code is rarely commented; not all code is commented equally (e.g., the
frequency of comments for method calls is much lower than for method declarations);
and 97% of comment changes are done in the same revision as the associated source
code change. The code evolves in a significantly higher rate than its comments and,
as software evolves, it is common for comments and source code to be out-of-sync
[13]. In summary, while software engineers may understand the importance of
documentation [7], the code is not documented enough in practice [9], [13].
There may be several explanations for this phenomenon. One of the reasons is that
documenting is not considered a creative activity, and many engineers prefer solving
algorithmic problems instead of writing documentation [4]. Another reason is that
many programmers assume that good code is self-explanatory, justifying the lack of
documentation [17]. Additionally, since practitioners often work under very strict
deadlines, it is easy to leave the documentation behind. Besides, sometimes not
documenting can increase job security[8], because it helps programmers to keep an
advantage over others and, thus, ensures demand for their services .Finally, the reason
may lay in human perception, since software students do not fully understand the
need for proper documentation [2].
Recently, several works investigated the investment of companies using agile
methods in documentation. The agile manifesto states that direct communication is
more valuable than internal documentation [12]. A study of the role of documentation
in agile development teams showed that while over 50% of developers find
documentation important, or even very important, too little documentation is available
in their projects [19].
In conclusion, regardless of the development method used, documentation plays an
important role in software products development. Proper documentation drives a more
efficient and effective software maintenance and evolution, requiring lower cost and
effort. Therefore, it is important to find ways to improve the quantity and quality of
comments. To this end, we must find efficient techniques to encourage developers to
document their code, thus improving the readability and reducing maintenance time
and cost. The objective of this study is to investigate the current state of
documentation, and specifically the reasons for developers’ reluctance to comment
code, and propose a technique to encourage them to document their code, thus
decreasing the costs induced by technical debt.
3 Solution Approach
In order to overcome developers’ reluctance to document code, we plan to apply the
persuasive technology approach. Persuasive technology is an interactive computer
technology, which is designed with the goal of reinforcing, changing or shaping
people’s attitudes or behavior [10]. When a persuasive system is used for
4. 210 Y. Shmerlin, D. Kliger, and H. Makabee
reinforcement purpose, the desired outcome of its use would be to make the users'
current behavior more resistant to change. When using the system for changing
purposes, the expectation is that the users will alter their attitude or behavior due to
the interaction with the system. Finally, when using the system for shaping purposes,
successful outcome would be creating a behavior pattern for a specific situation,
which did not exist prior to using the system [15].
When designing a persuasive system, it is important to take into consideration the
desired influence of the system on its users, since different techniques should be used
depending on the desired outcome [15]. In our context, as discussed in the previous
section, while programmers are often aware of the importance of documentation, this
is not reflected in their behavior.
In order to produce a successful persuasive design, it is important to understand
which factors influence behavior. Fogg [10] introduced the Fogg Behavior Model
(FBM) for analysis and design of persuasive technologies, which provides a systematic
way of studying the factors behind behavior changes. The model implies that behavior
depends on the following three factors: motivation, ability, and triggers, each of which
has several subcomponents. The motivation factor consists of three core motivators,
each of which having two sides: pleasure vs. pain, hope vs. fear and social acceptance
vs. rejection. The ability factor represents the simplicity of performing the targeted
behavior, and its six subcomponents are time, money, physical effort, brain cycles,
social deviance, and non-routine. Finally, the triggers refer to prompts, cues, calls to
action, etc. The purpose of a trigger is to signal to the user that the moment for
performing the behavior has come. An additional concept of the FBM model is the
behavior activation threshold. For a trigger to evoke the desired behavior, a person has
to be above that threshold, in a high enough level of motivation and ability.
It should be noted that most of the people are in moderate levels of ability and
motivation and effective persuasive system should raise motivation, ability, or both,
as well as provide a trigger for the desired behavior. An additional implication of the
FBM model is that there exists a trade-off between motivation and ability of
performing the behavior, so if we influence at least one factor of this equation, the
desired behavior might be triggered [10]. This model has direct implications to our
research, since our aim is to propose a system, which will increase performance in the
code documentation task, as well as provide a proper trigger in an appropriate time for
this behavior to take place.
4 Research Plan and Method
The objectives of our study are to identify the reasons and challenges that impede
developers’ motivation to document code, and to propose a utility for encouraging
documentation and facilitating proper documentation. For this purpose, we will
perform two studies: (1) a think-aloud protocol for examining program maintenance
tasks performance, and (2) an experiment to assess triggers for documentation.
In the first study we plan to conduct individual think-aloud sessions with about 15
students in their last year of IS undergraduate studies. Each subject will perform a
maintenance task, namely, add functionality, to code written and documented by
5. Reducing Technical Debt: Using Persuasive Technology 211
another student. The purpose is to gain a deeper understanding of the cognitive
process a software programmer faces when maintaining code, and specifically while
trying to understand the existing code. We will observe to what extent the subject
relies on the code documentation during this process, and what are the important
features in code comments that help understand existing code.
The objective of the second study is to check whether the use of an existing
documentation-triggering tool (CheckStyle:1
a plug-in for Eclipse IDE) improves
documentation. The subjects of this experiment will be first year IS student in a Java
course. The students will be divided into three groups: treatment group A will receive
the plug-in to activate a module, which will remind them to add comments to the code
as they develop it. Treatment group B will receive the same treatment as well as a
social motivation – publishing their documentation level status among their peers.
The control group will receive the same plug-in with a different module enabled (not
related to code commenting). Our hypotheses are as follows:
• H0a: Group A’s documentation level will be similar to that of the control group.
• H1a: Group A’s documentation level will be higher than that of the control group.
• H0b: Group B’s documentation level will be similar to that of Group A.
• H1b: Group B’s documentation level will be higher than that of Group A.
The results will be calculated using documentation metrics. In addition, following
the experiment, we plan to collect qualitative data via questionnaires with open-ended
questions, in order to gain a deeper understanding about the triggers and motivators
from the students’ perspectives.
Based on the results obtained in these two studies, and additional external
validation with professionals from industry, we intend to create a utility, using
persuasive technology principles, for encouraging and motivating developers to
document their code with proper and contributing comments. The proposed utility
will be evaluated and validated with professional software developers.
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