The slides defines IoT and show the differnce between M2M and IoT vision. It then describes the different layers that depicts the functional architecture of IoT, standard organizations and bodies and other IoT technology alliances, low power IoT protocols, IoT Platform components, and finally gives a short description to one of IoT low power application protocols (MQTT).
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a modeling language, used for design. Designed based on OMG Standard, Object this helps to express and design documents, software. This is particularly useful for OO design. Here is a brief tutorial that talks about UML usage.
The slides defines IoT and show the differnce between M2M and IoT vision. It then describes the different layers that depicts the functional architecture of IoT, standard organizations and bodies and other IoT technology alliances, low power IoT protocols, IoT Platform components, and finally gives a short description to one of IoT low power application protocols (MQTT).
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a modeling language, used for design. Designed based on OMG Standard, Object this helps to express and design documents, software. This is particularly useful for OO design. Here is a brief tutorial that talks about UML usage.
What is the Digital Twin?
Digital twin is the ability to make a virtual representation of the physical elements and the dynamics of how an Internet of Things device operates and works. It's more than a blueprint, it's more than a schematic. It's not just a picture. It's a lot more than a pair of ‘virtual reality’ glasses. It's a virtual representation of both the elements and the dynamics of how an Internet of Things device responds throughout its lifecycle. It can be a jet engine, a building, process on factory floor, and much, much more.
Watch the video introduction of this keynote presentation from Genius of Things Summit in Munich https://youtu.be/RaOejcczPas
How do APIs and IoT relate? The answer is not as simple as merely adding an API on top of a dumb device, but rather about understanding the architectural patterns for implementing an IoT fabric. There are typically two or three trends:
Exposing the device to a management framework
Exposing that management framework to a business centric logic
Exposing that business layer and data to end users.
This last trend is the IoT stack, which involves a new shift in the separation of what stuff happens, where data lives and where the interface lies. For instance, it's a mix of architectural styles between cloud, APIs and native hardware/software configurations.
An introductory video and presentation looking at Internet of Things (IoT) and differences between IoT and #IIoT. Examples are provided to help clarify the understanding.
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is a upcoming field which aims to provided any time, any place, anywhere connectivity by seamlessly integrating devices with solutions. In this presentation we have shared some of the real time product design challenges with IoT. The presentation was done in the Electronics Rocks conference held at NIMHANS convention center, Bengaluru, India
The Internet of things describes physical objects that are embedded with sensors, processing ability, software, and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks.
EVRYTHNG: Concepts, technologies and applications for connecting physical obj...EVRYTHNG
Check out the presentation from Co-Founder Dominique Guinard and Research Developer Iker Larizgoitia Abad, from the 14th International Conference on Web Engineering ICWE 2014.
What is the Digital Twin?
Digital twin is the ability to make a virtual representation of the physical elements and the dynamics of how an Internet of Things device operates and works. It's more than a blueprint, it's more than a schematic. It's not just a picture. It's a lot more than a pair of ‘virtual reality’ glasses. It's a virtual representation of both the elements and the dynamics of how an Internet of Things device responds throughout its lifecycle. It can be a jet engine, a building, process on factory floor, and much, much more.
Watch the video introduction of this keynote presentation from Genius of Things Summit in Munich https://youtu.be/RaOejcczPas
How do APIs and IoT relate? The answer is not as simple as merely adding an API on top of a dumb device, but rather about understanding the architectural patterns for implementing an IoT fabric. There are typically two or three trends:
Exposing the device to a management framework
Exposing that management framework to a business centric logic
Exposing that business layer and data to end users.
This last trend is the IoT stack, which involves a new shift in the separation of what stuff happens, where data lives and where the interface lies. For instance, it's a mix of architectural styles between cloud, APIs and native hardware/software configurations.
An introductory video and presentation looking at Internet of Things (IoT) and differences between IoT and #IIoT. Examples are provided to help clarify the understanding.
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is a upcoming field which aims to provided any time, any place, anywhere connectivity by seamlessly integrating devices with solutions. In this presentation we have shared some of the real time product design challenges with IoT. The presentation was done in the Electronics Rocks conference held at NIMHANS convention center, Bengaluru, India
The Internet of things describes physical objects that are embedded with sensors, processing ability, software, and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks.
EVRYTHNG: Concepts, technologies and applications for connecting physical obj...EVRYTHNG
Check out the presentation from Co-Founder Dominique Guinard and Research Developer Iker Larizgoitia Abad, from the 14th International Conference on Web Engineering ICWE 2014.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is defined by embedded computing devices endowed with cross-network connectivity. This era of computing has huge potential for connected enterprises and consumers, and already has many successful use cases. IoT systems encompass many types of connectivity patterns, proprietary systems and network types. Just as the Web plays a significant role in providing an open, interoperable, easily deployable framework for today’s enterprise systems, it is not surprising the Web will provide similar benefits to IoT. New Web standards have allowed enterprises to extend their internal real-time systems over the firewall in a natural, unimpeded fashion to provide real-time, dynamic information to their customers and partners to ensure consistency and efficiency. These same Web standards can and should be applied to IoT systems to obtain advantages such as global reach, ease of deployment, economies of scale, ease of development, etc. We will discuss this evolution and explore the further impact of the Web on IoT.
This is the summary of the "Building the Web of Things" book written by Dominique Guinard and Vlad Trifa with Manning. It summarises the various topics addressed in the chapters and the big picture view of the book.
The Web of Things - Giving physical products a digital voice.EVRYTHNG
The slides of a webinar I gave on element14 (http://www.element14.com/community/events/4173), which gives a good introduction to the Web of Things and how it compares with the Internet of Things.
Also, I give a high-level, but technical, introduction to the EVRYTHNG Engine API and how to use it to build exciting applications to interact with physical products.
Basics, Components, Design and Development of Web Application and Websites. Especially made for seminars and guest sessions for newbies in Web Development field.
STAENZ Academy
https://staenz.com/academy
IOT is connecting every physical object in the world using wireless technologies to track and control them from every where in the world...Every object is uniquely identified using ip addresses(IPv6)
In this presentation, Sujani introduces IoT and latest trends in that domain. Sujani is interested in security of IoT devices where she wants to tackle both access of IoT devices and the data generated by these devices.
This a IOT base ppt slide. It's more describe IOT system history and IOt devices . And also given most valuable and relevant information about IOT and devices.
Complexity of IOT/IOE Architectures for Smart Service Infrastructures Panel:...Paolo Nesi
The complexity of smart and sentient applications in smart cities is progressively increasing.
to reach higher precision.
time series prediction artificial intelligent, machine learning
Single data sets multi data sets, and big data: addressing heterogeneity, low quality and discontinuity, etc.
integration of open data, real time data and private IOT / personal data is increasing complexity of cyber-physical-social aspects:
to have the full control on the rights associated to their content
GDPR normative (since May 2018 in force) to regulate the access and control of privacy
I am bringing the experience of addressing
GDPR and Security and into Smart City Solutions with IOT
-----smart city impact----------------
Signed Consent vs Informed Consent
Smart Applications exploit personal data about (for example)
user position and actions for providing geolocated suggestions
home/work position, trajectories,
Payments and traces from bike sharing, from navigators, etc.
body signals/data for monitoring healthiness (glucose, temperature, etc.), for training sport, ..
User actions on applications: choices on menu, queries performed, mobile phones, requested paths, payments, etc.
IOT Devices data: mobile, buttons, trackers, but also temperature in house; position of our dogs, children, cars, bikes, …
etc.
----GDPR: General Data Protection Regulation ---
Users are going to decide to:
provide access to who, for do what, until we consent
accept terms of use by signed consent for each data management service, before was a simple informed consent
from each service, the user has to be capable to
See what the provider collect in terms of its Data Type: traces, logs, paths, profiles, accesses, IOT devices, sensors, maps, etc.
Download, delete, inspect each single Data Type
Auditing and Revoke access or grant access right to each single Data Type
Delete all Data Types in single shot or singularly (forget all about me)
Research Orientation towards Do-it-Yourself Internet-of-Things Mass Creativit...trappenl
Presentation at Pervasive 2010 "Research Orientation towards Do-it-Yourself Internet-of-Things Mass Creativity Concepts" by Marc Roelands, Marc Godon, Mohamed Ali Feki, Laurence Claeys, Pascal Zontrop, Johan Criel, Koen De Voegt, Marjan Geerts, Lieven Trappeniers,
Helsinki, Finland, May 2010
In the Web of Things initiative, we propose to make smart things first-class citizens of the World Wide Web. This allows to apply widely used Web mechanisms (bookmarking, browsing,...) to things and to use physical devices just like any other service on the Web. In the talk, some of the prototypes that we have been building in our lab are presented. We also ask what will be the "next big thing" in connecting and mashing up real-time, real-world services.
Internet of things (IoT) has started growing due to the developments in RFID, sensors, communication technologies and Internet protocols. The basic aim is to connect sensors in a straight line devoid of human association in the vicinity of help in creation of new types applications. The revolution in mobile, Internet in addition to machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies preserve is seen when the primary step towards IoT. Internet of Things (IoT) is forwarding the association among the objects (the “things”) and the backend systems passing through the Internet. Every object can become connected and smart. As a result, the background is monitored via sensing the background furthermore the data are transferred toward cloud with internet connectivity of the things. The monitoring environment comes closer in spite of distance. There are several platforms that provide services such as data analytics, business analytics, notification, etc. Each platform provides a specific service In this expose, we examine a delegate section of these platforms, together open- source and proprietary, on the source of their capability to convene the potential of dissimilar IoT users. The evaluation focuses on how prepared and functional these platforms are for IoT ecology players, other than on the peculiarities of the essential scientific layers. This paper mainly aims to provide a summary of different platforms and stages for IOT. This paper would help the IoT users to decide their best platform to suit their application.
Presentation about mobile internet: trends and possibilities anno 2012 given for J.Boye on March 13th 2012 for Danish web and intranet managers and experts.
For more information, please visit www.sabelonline.nl (Dutch).
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1. A Web of Things Application Architecture -
Integrating the Real-World into the Web
Dominique Guinard
Ph.D. Defense, ETH Zurich
2. Motivation
Why should we bring the Web and real-world devices together?
[flickr.com/photos/moragcasey]
3. An Increasing Number of Connected Smart Things…
A very large ecosystem of smart things,
complex application development
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 3
4. Need for a Common Internet of Things
Application Architecture
Application development with Hypothesis: The Web
smart things: (application archi. of the Internet)
Requires expert knowledge: can be the application
Hardware/software heterogeneity architecture of smart things as
Lack of common application protocols well.
WSN [Mot2011] Research Question: «How can
RFID [Sch2008] the Web be leveraged to ease
the development of Internet of
Things applications and bring it
closer to non-specialists?»
[Sch2008] Schmitt, P. Adoption und [Mot2011] Mottola, L., & Picco, G. P.
Diffusion neuer Technologien am Programming wireless sensor networks:
Beispiel der Radiofrequenz-Identifikation Fundamental concepts and state of the
(RFID). PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. art. ACM Comput. Surv.
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 4
5. Contributions
A Web of Things Application Architecture:
Adapt and leverage protocols, services and tools of the Web
ecosystem
Foster a participatory application development:
Easier for specialists
Closer to Web developers (Web languages), tech-savvies (mashups) and end-
users (browsers)
Evaluated for WSN and RFID:
Simplifies the development and deployment of applications
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 5
6. Web of Things Application Architecture
Simplifying Application Development in the Internet of Things
[flickr.com/photos/docman]
7. Web of Things Application Architecture
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 7
8. Device Accessibility Layer
How do we make smart things accessible on the Web?
Generic design process[Gui2010] for smart things as Web
resources:
REST[Fie2000] and Resource Oriented Architectures[Ric2007]
[Fie2000] Fielding, R. (2000). [Ric2007] Richardson, L., & Ruby, S. [Gui2010] Guinard, D., Trifa, V., Wilde, E.
Architectural styles and the design of RESTful web services, O’Reilly Media. A Resource Oriented Architecture for the
network-based software architectures. Web of Things. IoT 2010
PhD Thesis
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 8
11. Findability Layer
Once smart things are accessible on the Web, how do we
enable users to find the right service for their application?
Enabling Smart Things to be indexed by search engines
(lightweight metadata)[Gui2011]
Local lookup and discovery infrastructure [Gui2010a,May2011]
[Gui2011] Guinard, D., Trifa, V., Mattern, [Gui2010a] Guinard, D., et al. (2010). [May2011] Mayer, S., Guinard, D. An
F., & Wilde, E. From the Internet of Interacting with the SOA-Based Internet Extensible Discovery Service for Smart
Things to the Web of Things. Architecting of Things: Discovery, Query, Selection, Things. WoT2011
the Internet of Things (pp. 97-129) and On-Demand Provisioning of Web
Services. IEEE Transactions on Services
Computing
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 11
12. Sharing Layer
Once smart things are accessible and findable on the Web,
how do we share them?
Social Web of Things [Gui2010b]
[Gui2010b] Guinard, D., Fischer, M., &
Trifa, V. Sharing using social networks in
a composable web of things. WoT 2010
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 12
13. Social Access Controller (SAC)
Existing systems:
Require dedicated access control lists
(e.g., HTTP Digest or Basic
Authentication)
Leverage social graphs of social
networks:
Are walled-gardens [Ber2009]
Allow sharing data, not services
Social Access Controller as
proxy between clients and smart
things
[Ber2009] Tim Berners-Lee. Twenty
years: Looking forward, looking back.
WWW 2009
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 13
15. Sharing in Friends and Things
http://vswot.inf.ethz.ch:8091
/gateways/vswot.inf.ethz.ch:8081
/resources/sunspots/spot1/sensors/temperature
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 15
16. Composition Layer
Once smart things are accessible, findable, shareable on
the Web, how do we enable their easy composition by non-
specialists, into new applications?
Physical Mashups [Gui2010, Gui2010c]
[Gui2010] Guinard, D., Trifa, V., Wilde, E. [Guinard2010c] Guinard, D. Mashing up
A Resource Oriented Architecture for the your web-enabled home. ICWE 2010
Web of Things. IoT 2010
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 16
17. From Web 2.0 Mashups to Physical Mashups
Web 2.0 Mashups:
“Web applications generated by
combining […] disparate Web sources
[…] to create useful new services”
[Yu2008]
Ad-hoc applications accessible to a
larger public
Physical Mashups:
Composite Web applications involving
smart things and virtual Web services
Three development approaches
[Yu2008] Yu, J., Benatallah, B., Casati,
F., & Daniel, F. Understanding Mashup
Development. IEEE Internet Computing
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 17
18. Energie Visible: An Energy-Aware Mashup
Developers:
Smart Meters as an
RESTful Web API:
Mashup with any language
supporting HTTP
Users:
Used by several families
around the world (Energie
Visible)
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 18
19. EPC Mashup Dashboard: RFID Business Intelligence
Developers:
RFID Readers & Data in a black-board
approach
Wizard-based creation of Widgets
Merging Web data and real-world
RFID data
Users:
Simple Web page providing real-time
business intelligence
Deployed at the SAP future store
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 19
20. Electronic Article Surveillance as a Physical Mashup
[Gui2010d] Guinard, D., Floerkemeier,
C., & Sarma, S. Cloud Computing,
REST and Mashups to Simplify RFID
Applications, WoT 2011
[Naef2009] Naef, L. ClickScript a
visual programming language in the
browser. Master Thesis, ETH Zurich
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 20
23. Using Social Access Control
1000 requests on a Sun SPOT Through SAC (Facebook), RTT:
(Smart Gateway): Avg.: 218 ms, SD: 24 ms
Direct Access: Min: 204 ms, Max: 830 ms
Avg.: 9 ms, SD: 2 ms Most of the RTT (140ms) due to
Max.: 40 ms, Min.: 6 ms social network login => caching
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 23
24. Ease of Use? Assessing the Developers’ Experience
WS-* (WSDL, SOAP, etc.) as
one of the most comprehensive
alternatives (DPWS, DNLA, etc.)
Performances were
compared[Yaz2009] , not ease of use
Study with 69 computer science
students
2 applications:
1. Android phone accessing a Sun
SPOT featuring a WS-* API
2. Android phone accessing a Sun
SPOT featuring a RESTful Web API
[Yaz2009] Yazar, D., & Dunkels, A.
Efficient application integration in IP-
based sensor networks. BuildSys
2009
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 24
25. Ease of Learning
RESTful Web API:
70% easy to very easy to
learn
63% fast to very fast to
learn
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 25
26. Suitability by Use-Case and Guidelines
REST and Web more adapted to foster adoption by non-
specialists
WS-* more adapted for high QoS/security requirements
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 26
27. Conclusions, Limitations and Outlook
What did we contribute? What are the current limitations?
[flickr.com/photos/brapke]
28. Contributions & Learnings
WoT Application Architecture &
evaluation in WSN + RFID
The Web can be leveraged and
adapted as a smart thing application
architecture
Eases the development & brings it
closer to non-specialists
Unveils integration possibilities:
Browser, search engines, social
networks, Web languages, mashups,
etc.
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 28
29. Limitations & Outlook
Not the best approach for every use-case:
Real-time, high QoS requirements, battery-life
Pushing Internet and Web standards forward:
Lower foot-print (6LoWPAN)
Web push (HTML5 WebSockets, etc.)
Metadata for smart things
Real-world evaluations:
Larger deployments, industrial trials (IPSO alliance)
Comparisons with other alternatives
Evaluating the mashups with more end-users
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 29
30. Thanks a lot for your attention
Dominique Guinard
Contact details:
www.guinard.org
Blog:
www.webofthings.com
Software:
www.webofthings.com/projects
Publications
www.webofthings.com/publications
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 30
34. Web-Enabling Smart Things in 4 Steps
Resource Based on REST [Fiel2000]
Design
and Resource Oriented
Architecture [Rich2007].
Applied it to smart things in
Representation [Gui2010].
Design
Interface GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS
Design
Content Negotiation, Status Codes
[Fiel2000] Fielding, R. (2000).
Architectural styles and the design of
network-based software architectures.
PhD Thesis
Implementation [Gui2010] Guinard, D., Trifa, V., Wilde, E.
Strategy A Resource Oriented Architecture for the [Rich2007] Richardson, L., & Ruby, S.
Web of Things. IoT 2010 RESTful web services, OʼReillyMedia.
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 34
35. Resource Representation Interface Implementation
Design Design Design Strategy
Identify Resources:
Any component of an application that
needs to be used and addressed.
Link resources together
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 35
36. Resource Representation Interface Implementation
Design Design Design Strategy
Smart things should offer
different representations:
HTML for browsability
JSON for mashups
XML for interoperability
{"resource":
{"methods":["GET"],
"name":"Temperature",
"links":["/feed", "/rules"],
"content":
[{"description":"Current
Temperature",
"name":"Current Ambient Temperature",
"value":"24.0",
"unit": "celsius"}]}
}
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 36
37. Resource Representation Interface Implementation
Design Design Design Strategy
Leverage content negotiation:
Accept: application/json
Use the HTTP Verbs extensively:
GET, PUT, POST, OPTIONS, DELETE
GET /genericNodes/2/sensors/temperature
PUT /genericNodes/2/actuators /led/1
Map status codes:
200 OK, 201 Created, 400 Bad Request, etc.
The presented design process can be automated
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 37
38. Automating the Design Process
The design process can be semi-
automated through an editor
Auto-WoT [May2010a] project:
Generates the RESTful Web API
Wraps it in an OSGi module, loadable
as a device driver in a Smart Gateway
[May2010a] Simon Mayer, Dominique
Guinard, Vlad Trifa Facilitating the
Integration and Interaction of Real-World
Services for the Web of Things.
UrbanIOT 2010
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 38
48. Infrastructure Performance Evaluation
LLDU tree:
Depth of 6
11 virtual LLDUs
1 Physical LLDU (LLDU + Smart
Gateway)
2 Sun SPOTs
61 virtual services
LLDU on a PC (2.4 GHz, 2 GB of
RAM):
10000 keywords queries (“light”)
Avg: 619 ms
Min: 12 ms
Max: 3735
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 48
49. Query Extension Evaluation
17 neutral developers:
Each describes one device and at
least two services (based on the STD
model)
RFID readers, robots, smart meters,
etc.
Search keywords provided by 7
IT people:
No augmentation: 70%
Wikipedia: ~90%
Yahoo Web Search: 95-100%
Optimum: Yahoo with 5-10 added
keywords (95%).
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 49
54. From Web 2.0 Mashups to…
Web 2.0 Mashups:
“Web applications generated by
combining […] disparate Web sources
[…] to create useful new applications
or services” [Yu2008]
Composite applications with:
Lightweightness and simplicity
Acessibility to larger public
[http://www.housingmaps.com]
Prototypical or opportunistic nature
[Yu2008] Yu, J., Benatallah, B., Casati,
F., & Daniel, F. Understanding Mashup
Development. IEEE Internet Computing
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 54
56. Adapting a Mashup Editor
$.ajax({
url: "http://" + ip + "/sunspots/" +
name + "/sensors/temperature",
type: "GET", dataType: "json",
success: function(result){
var temperature =
result.resource.getters[0].value
state.outputs.item(0).setValue(temp)
component.finishAsync();
} […]});
[http://www.clickscript.ch]
[Naef2009] Naef, L. ClickScript a
visual programming language in the
browser. Master Thesis, ETH Zurich
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 56
57. Building Mashup Editors: Physical Mashups Framework
Requirements:
Support for event-based mashups
Support for dynamic building-blocks
Support for non-desktop platforms
Support for application specific editors
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 57
59. Mobile Energy Mashup Editor
Android-based mashup editor for
mashable homes
Uses the Physical Mashup
Framework RESTful Web API
Findability Layer for automatic
building-blocks generation
[Guinard2010c] Guinard, D. Mashing up
your web-enabled home. ICWE 2010
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 59
60. Mobile Energy Mashup Editor cont’d
Lets end-users create simple
rules to optimize their energy
consumption:
Turn the heating on only when I am
driving home and temp < 18 deg.
Turn off the lights when sun light is
strong enough.
Android-based mashup editor.
Uses the Physical Mashup
Framework RESTful Web API.
Uses the Findability Layer for
automatic building-blocks
generation.
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 60
61. Mobile Energy Mashup Editor cont’d
JSON reflection to generate
adapted UIs.
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 61
62. REST vs WS-*: Guidelines
15.08.2011 Dominique Guinard 62
Editor's Notes
Currentdevelopments in embeddedsystems in domainssuch as home appliances, sensor net, or simple everydayobjectbeingtaggedwith RFID:Show thatthey are gettingincreasinglysmarter and connectedwhichlead to a very large ecosystem of smart thingsLet us think of an electronic article surveillance system in a store thatwouldleveragethiseco-system: tag objectswith RFID trigger the RFID readerswith a proximitysensor trigger the security camera if somethingwasstolenbroadcast the information to the staff on their mobile phones
This leads to a problemresearched by many, showing:ToomuchprotocolsheterogeneityExpensive and time-consumingexpertknowledgeRequirements for application layer for the IoT
Web:Set of relatively simple and open standards (e.g., HTTP, HTML, etc.).Broad-pool of developers.Well understood by users.Best-effort (efficiency, scalability, etc.).From Web sites to Web APIs.Ubiquitous availability (desktop, mobile, etc.).Contribution: We propose a Web of Things Application Architecture:Enablesparticipatory application development:Easier for specialistsCloser to Web developers, end-users
Four layers but: Not OSI:layers are flexible, eacheases a little more building applications: from Embedded Syst. Dev to End-UsersContribution: LayersBuilding blocks: each block is a Web APIApplications testingthese blocks
Resource Tree:functionality of the sun spot identified by resolvableURIsNot bound to one representation. We use HTML for browsability, JSON for mashups, HTTP has a content-negotiationmechanism for selecting the right representation.GET on temperature => retrieves the representation of the tempsensorPUT on LED => changes the state of the LED (on/off)
One of ourcore contributionsFor smart thingsthat do not speak Internet or Web protocolswe propose a lightweight software frameworkthatcanbedeployed on computers at the edge of the network (e.g., NAS, wifi routers, etc.):Device Drivers: encapsulate the proprietary or low-levelprotocolsCore Services: are used by drivers to maptheirfunctionality to a Web APIPluggable Services: services implementing cross-cuttingconcerns (seenextlayers)Maybeaddstuff about Web Sockets
Withthis layer wewant to achievetwothings:MakethingsfindableusingsearchenginesAllow the semi-automaticintegrationintomashuptoolsGuinard, D., Trifa, V., Mattern, F., & Wilde, E. (2011). From the Internet of Things to the Web of Things: Resource-oriented Architecture and Best Practices. In D. Uckelmann, M. Harrison, & F. Michahelles (Eds.), Architecting the Internet of Things (pp. 97-129). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Retrieved from http://www.springerlink.com/content/p314x13322qnw276
SAC: Manages Access to Smart ThingsThrough Social NetworksAnd offers an API for clients or client applicationsRequirements (details):Security: prevent attackers from gaining accessEase of use: significantly influences adoption [Ion2010]Reflecting existing trust modelsInteroperable: Web protocols, prevent user lock-inIntegrated Advertisement
Smart things are securedbased on HTTP Basic AccessAuthentication or HTTP DigestAuthenticationAuthenticationthroughOauthUsing the social network API (OpenSocial if supported, otherwise social network proprietary API)
List of resources (i.e., services) thatcanbesharedisautomaticallygenerated by crawling (see sharing layer)
Manualmashupdev:Wetake a device on whichappscanbedeveloped by domainspecialists and, using the otherlayers, bringit to Web developers
We provide a Web page that loads the real-world data into global variables, developers then just have to create widgets by combining this data with services on the Web.
Bringingdevelopment as close as possible to endusersWecreated a frameworkthatallows the creation of dedicatedmashup editorsi.e., Web toolthat let usersbuildmashupssimply by visuallycomposingwidgetsThanks to the otherlayerseachwidgetisreduced to an HTTP call and canevenbeautomaticallygenerated.This is the EAS mashup.
Criticism of the Web for embedded devices: too heavy.Weevaluatedbothapproaches (embedded HTTP & Smart Gateway mediated):Ok for sub-second use-cases
RTTcanbeimproved by caching the authentication of users (not theirtokens) however, thisis a tradeoffbetweensecurity and efficiency.http://vswot.inf.ethz.ch:8091/gateways/vswot.inf.ethz.ch:8081/resources/sunspots/Spot1/sensors/light
We wanted to asses whether the Web approach was making development easier
Web of Things architecture:Blueprints to bring IoT application development closer to non-specialists thanks to the Web:Performances are acceptable for sub-second use-casesUnveils integration possibilities (browser integration, social networks, Web scripting languages, mashups, etc.)Fosters open, participatory innovation to physicalmashupsEvaluated and prototyped in two domains:Wireless Sensor Networks & RFIDDeliverables: ~20 co-authored publications, 5 frameworks (3 open-source), 10 applications (1 open-source)
Real-time <10ms response rangeIf Internet standards are adaptedwecouldalso serve more use-cases throughsuch an architectureFirst sensethrough the open-sourcing of ourframeworks, more isneeded
Four layers but: Not OSI:layers are flexible, eacheases a little more building applications: from Embedded Syst. Dev to End-UsersContribution: LayersBuilding blocks: each block is a Web APIApplications testingthese blocks
Criticism of the Web for embedded devices: too heavy.Weevaluatedbothapproaches (embedded HTTP & Smart Gateway mediated): Ok for most types of apps (<1 second)Sync-based Smart Gateway: muchbetter:
If theyimplement the Accessibility layer smart thingscanbediscovered by crawling.
Pseudo code for the crawling:crawl(Link currentLink) { new Resource() r;r.setUri = currentLink.getURI();r.setShortDescription = currentLink.text();r.setLongDescription = currentLink.invokeVerb(GET).extractDescriptionFromResults();r.setOperations = currentLink.invokeVerb(OPTIONS).getVerbs();foreach (Format formats: currentFormat) {r.setAcceptedFormats = currentLink.invokeVerb(GET).setAcceptHeader(currentFormat); } if (currentLink.hasNext()) crawl(currentLink.getNext());}
Requirements:Security: prevent attackers from gaining accessEase of use: significantly influences adoption [Ion2010]Reflecting existing trust modelsInteroperable: Web protocols, prevent user lock-inIntegrated Advertisement
Sharing RFID data through the EPCIS Webadapter
ClickScript [Naef2009]: Language created to teach programming to children.Client-side Web technologies (JavaScript + CSS + HTML).Smart Things building-block within a few lines of JavaScript.Added push support (tPusher).
Lets end-users create simple rules to optimize their energy consumption:Turn the heating on only when I am driving home and temp < 18 deg.Turn off the lights when sun light is strong enough.
REST appears to be more adapted to foster a participatory Web of Thingswere application developmentisbrought to non-specialists