The emergence of modern science began as a move from theological-based reasoning to observational- and empirically-based reasoning. Two areas of reasoning evolved from this time, inductive and deductive. For example, Galileo, using mathematics and observation, explained the laws of the physical world through deductive reasoning. Francis Bacon, however, sought answers to questions of the physical world through observation and devised many theories from these observations. Cartesian dualism is one school of thought that examined the mind-body relationship. Several branches of scientific thought developed which was based in part on the philosophical underpinnings of the region (e.g. British, French and German). These included positivism, rationalism, and empiricism. From these philosophical views emerged a focus on understanding behavior or more precisely the mind.   Compare and contrast the views of Galileo and Bacon. Explain why these two scientists had an impact on the development of psychology. Compare the basic principles of Rene Descartes, Immanuel Kant, and John Locke. How do these principles differ in their perspectives of the mind-body relationship? What do these principles add to the comprehensive understanding of psychology as a science? Explain the cultural and even nationalistic influences on how the different schools of thought developed (positivism, rationalism, and empiricism)? Explain how theological or religious beliefs influence the different schools of thought as they had done to the philosophical views of early centuries? Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Provide an analysis of each peer’s postings while also suggesting specific additions or clarifications for improving the discussion question response. .

1. The emergence of modern science began as a move from
theological-based reasoning to observational- and empirically-
based reasoning. Two areas of reasoning evolved from this time,
inductive and deductive. For example, Galileo, using
mathematics and observation, explained the laws of the physical
world through deductive reasoning. Francis Bacon, however,
sought answers to questions of the physical world through
observation and devised many theories from these observations.
Cartesian dualism is one school of thought that examined the
mind-body relationship. Several branches of scientific thought
developed which was based in part on the philosophical
underpinnings of the region (e.g. British, French and German).
These included positivism, rationalism, and empiricism. From
these philosophical views emerged a focus on understanding
behavior or more precisely the mind.
Compare and contrast the views of Galileo and Bacon. Explain
why these two scientists had an impact on the development of
psychology.
Compare the basic principles of Rene Descartes, Immanuel
Kant, and John Locke. How do these principles differ in their
perspectives of the mind-body relationship? What do these
principles add to the comprehensive understanding of
psychology as a science?
Explain the cultural and even nationalistic influences on how
the different schools of thought developed (positivism,
rationalism, and empiricism)? Explain how theological or
religious beliefs influence the different schools of thought as
they had done to the philosophical views of early centuries?
Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.
Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Provide an
analysis of each peer’s postings while also suggesting specific
additions or clarifications for improving the discussion question
response.