This document summarizes the design of a small 500W solar thermal dish Stirling system for use in Thailand. Key aspects include:
1. Thailand has average daily solar insolation of 550W/m2, requiring the system to be designed to operate at lower insolation levels than existing 1000W/m2 systems.
2. The design includes a 2.5m diameter parabolic dish, 4-cylinder gamma type Stirling engine with rotary drive mechanism and regenerator, able to produce 550W of power.
3. Testing of a prototype was conducted at AREF in Bangkok, showing it could produce 550W of power at an operating temperature of 650C and speed of 1200rpm when
Design of Solar Thermal Dish Stirling 500 wJack Wong
The document discusses a solar dish Stirling engine designed to operate under medium insolation conditions in Thailand, which ranges from 450 to 550 W/m2 daily. It describes the rotary drive mechanism as having lower friction than other options like gear drives. Key specifications of the engine are provided, including a thermal efficiency of 60%, mechanical efficiency of 31%, four cylinders with a power displacement of 72 x 4 cc, and an ability to generate 215W at 20 psi or 550W at 80 psi. The rotary drive mechanism is assessed as having fewer parts and lower vibration than alternatives.
An analysis of beta type stirling engine with rhombic drive mechanismgargashrut91
This document analyzes the design of a beta type Stirling engine with a rhombic drive mechanism. It discusses various design considerations that must be accounted for, such as operating constraints, geometric constraints, and tolerances. The work focuses on the design methodology for a beta type Stirling engine and optimizing the phase angle by considering the effect of overlapping volume between the compression and expansion spaces. The aim is to develop a feasible design for a single cylinder, 1.5 kWe beta type Stirling engine for rural electrification applications.
The document discusses Stirling engines and their operation using biomass as fuel. Some key points:
- Stirling engines can run on various fuels and are simpler than internal combustion engines, making them suitable for biomass fuels.
- Thailand has potential for biomass energies from agricultural residues, and Stirling engines are a good option due to their simple design, quiet operation, and lack of emissions when using biomass.
- Stirling engines operate based on the Stirling thermodynamic cycle and are being investigated for sustainable power generation applications.
This document presents a project report on designing and building a working model of a Stirling engine. It includes sections on the abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, setup and preparation, and conclusion. The introduction provides a brief history of the Stirling engine and its different types. The methodology section explains the Stirling thermodynamic cycle and calculations for cycle efficiency. The setup and preparation section details the fabrication and assembly of engine components like the cylinder, piston, displacer, and flywheel. The conclusion recognizes areas for further improvement, such as addressing friction and leakage issues to increase useful work output.
Solar Dish Stirling Engine 5 kW Thailand, 2004Jack Wong
This document provides technical specifications for a solar dish Stirling system that produces 5 kW of electricity. The dish has a diameter of 8 meters and reflector area of 50 square meters. It uses a 4 cylinder Stirling engine that operates on helium gas with a thermal power of 20 kW and electrical efficiency of 20% to generate 380V 3-phase power at 5 kW.
The document provides an introduction and overview of a seminar report on the Stirling engine. It discusses the key components of a basic Stirling engine, including the hot and cold cylinder walls, coolant pipes, thermal insulation, displacer and power pistons, and flywheel. It also describes the main types of Stirling engines - the alpha, beta, and gamma configurations. The report will examine the history, operation, features, and applications of the Stirling engine for solar power generation.
The document describes the operation and design of the Manson cycle engine. It is an open cycle hot air engine with a suction and expansion stroke. The basic design uses a power piston attached to a displacer that transfers hot air between chambers. Improvements include using a transferator instead of displacer and an external aluminum tube piston to reduce mass. The document outlines the construction of a prototype engine using these designs, which stands 20 inches tall and runs on a simple baseplate with integrated cooling coil. Key advantages noted are the extremely simple single reciprocating assembly design and potential for easy construction using basic tools.
This document summarizes a student project to construct and test a Stirling engine model. It provides background on Stirling engines, describing them as external combustion engines that operate through continuous compression and expansion of air or gas. The document outlines the key parts of Stirling engines, describes how they work through heat transfer between hot and cold cylinders, and classifies the main types. It then details the construction of a gamma-type Stirling engine model for the project, reviews its working principle, and evaluates the engine's performance and potential applications.
Design of Solar Thermal Dish Stirling 500 wJack Wong
The document discusses a solar dish Stirling engine designed to operate under medium insolation conditions in Thailand, which ranges from 450 to 550 W/m2 daily. It describes the rotary drive mechanism as having lower friction than other options like gear drives. Key specifications of the engine are provided, including a thermal efficiency of 60%, mechanical efficiency of 31%, four cylinders with a power displacement of 72 x 4 cc, and an ability to generate 215W at 20 psi or 550W at 80 psi. The rotary drive mechanism is assessed as having fewer parts and lower vibration than alternatives.
An analysis of beta type stirling engine with rhombic drive mechanismgargashrut91
This document analyzes the design of a beta type Stirling engine with a rhombic drive mechanism. It discusses various design considerations that must be accounted for, such as operating constraints, geometric constraints, and tolerances. The work focuses on the design methodology for a beta type Stirling engine and optimizing the phase angle by considering the effect of overlapping volume between the compression and expansion spaces. The aim is to develop a feasible design for a single cylinder, 1.5 kWe beta type Stirling engine for rural electrification applications.
The document discusses Stirling engines and their operation using biomass as fuel. Some key points:
- Stirling engines can run on various fuels and are simpler than internal combustion engines, making them suitable for biomass fuels.
- Thailand has potential for biomass energies from agricultural residues, and Stirling engines are a good option due to their simple design, quiet operation, and lack of emissions when using biomass.
- Stirling engines operate based on the Stirling thermodynamic cycle and are being investigated for sustainable power generation applications.
This document presents a project report on designing and building a working model of a Stirling engine. It includes sections on the abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, setup and preparation, and conclusion. The introduction provides a brief history of the Stirling engine and its different types. The methodology section explains the Stirling thermodynamic cycle and calculations for cycle efficiency. The setup and preparation section details the fabrication and assembly of engine components like the cylinder, piston, displacer, and flywheel. The conclusion recognizes areas for further improvement, such as addressing friction and leakage issues to increase useful work output.
Solar Dish Stirling Engine 5 kW Thailand, 2004Jack Wong
This document provides technical specifications for a solar dish Stirling system that produces 5 kW of electricity. The dish has a diameter of 8 meters and reflector area of 50 square meters. It uses a 4 cylinder Stirling engine that operates on helium gas with a thermal power of 20 kW and electrical efficiency of 20% to generate 380V 3-phase power at 5 kW.
The document provides an introduction and overview of a seminar report on the Stirling engine. It discusses the key components of a basic Stirling engine, including the hot and cold cylinder walls, coolant pipes, thermal insulation, displacer and power pistons, and flywheel. It also describes the main types of Stirling engines - the alpha, beta, and gamma configurations. The report will examine the history, operation, features, and applications of the Stirling engine for solar power generation.
The document describes the operation and design of the Manson cycle engine. It is an open cycle hot air engine with a suction and expansion stroke. The basic design uses a power piston attached to a displacer that transfers hot air between chambers. Improvements include using a transferator instead of displacer and an external aluminum tube piston to reduce mass. The document outlines the construction of a prototype engine using these designs, which stands 20 inches tall and runs on a simple baseplate with integrated cooling coil. Key advantages noted are the extremely simple single reciprocating assembly design and potential for easy construction using basic tools.
This document summarizes a student project to construct and test a Stirling engine model. It provides background on Stirling engines, describing them as external combustion engines that operate through continuous compression and expansion of air or gas. The document outlines the key parts of Stirling engines, describes how they work through heat transfer between hot and cold cylinders, and classifies the main types. It then details the construction of a gamma-type Stirling engine model for the project, reviews its working principle, and evaluates the engine's performance and potential applications.
A Stirling engine is a heat engine that operates by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas (the working fluid) at different temperatures, such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work. More specifically, a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine with a permanently gaseous working fluid.
The Stirling engine was invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling as a safer alternative to steam engines. It works by alternately compressing and expanding a fixed amount of working fluid between a hot and cold section, driving a piston for power generation. Key components include pistons and a displacer. Advantages over steam engines include operating at lower pressures safely using various heat sources. Applications include power generation, pumps, refrigeration, and as an alternative power source for vehicles, ships and nuclear plants. Stirling engines are more efficient than steam and can use solar, waste or other heat sources to run.
The document describes the construction of a Stirling engine project. It lists the project coordinator and 12 student executors. It provides guidelines for making and assembling the engine parts, including instructions on balancing the system mechanically without the bottom plate. The final assembly involves gluing the bottom aluminum plate to the transparent cylinder wall. It includes project plans, drawings of assembly and individual parts.
The document discusses Stirling engines, including their history, types (Alpha, Beta, Gamma), efficiency comparison to internal combustion engines, key components, and advantages/disadvantages. Stirling engines operate using cyclic compression and expansion of a gas between hot and cold temperatures to convert heat into mechanical work. They were invented in the 1800s as a safer alternative to steam engines and can achieve higher efficiencies than internal combustion engines. The main types differ in their piston arrangements, and key components include the working gas, heat exchangers, displacer, regenerator, and expansion/compression mechanisms. Advantages include quiet operation and ability to use various heat sources, while disadvantages include higher costs and lack of power flexibility.
The Principles and Works of Stirling EngineLutfi Hidayat
The document analyzes the KS90T Solar Twin LTD Stirling engine. It begins with an introduction that provides background on Stirling engines and discusses how low temperature differential (LTD) Stirling engines can utilize low heat sources. It then covers the basic theory of how Stirling engines work and the different types. The document describes the methods used to study the KS90T, which included collecting data through observing an existing KS90T engine. The results section outlines key design parameters and dimensions of the engine components. In discussion, it indicates the engine works by compressing and expanding gas with reciprocating pistons, and can function with a small temperature difference, making it suitable for solar energy.
This document discusses solar powered Stirling engines. It begins with an introduction to Stirling engines, invented in 1816, which convert heat into mechanical energy. It then describes the basic components and operation of Stirling engines, including the regenerator and four main processes. Three main types of Stirling engines are outlined - Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. Applications discussed include using Stirling engines with solar power by concentrating sunlight, as well as concentrating solar plants. The Carnot and Stirling thermodynamic cycles are also compared. A case study highlights a solar Stirling engine with a peak efficiency of 31.25%. Advantages include high efficiency and no emissions when paired with solar, while disadvantages include needing hybridization for continuous operation.
This document discusses biomass-fueled Stirling engines for off-grid applications. It outlines that biomass and Stirling engines are well-suited for power generation in remote communities due to their ability to use low-quality fuels. The document then describes Oxford University's development of linear Stirling engine technology, which uses oil-free and wear-free components like flexures and clearance seals for long life and low maintenance. This technology is well-suited for biomass applications from 5-20kW. Finally, it summarizes Oxford's work developing new Stirling engine and solar concentrator designs to further improve biomass-powered systems.
The document summarizes the history, working principle, configurations, types, Stirling cycle, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the Stirling engine. It was invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling as an alternative to steam engines to avoid explosions. It operates outside combustion and uses the temperature difference between a hot and cold side to push and pull a piston. Common configurations include alpha, beta, and gamma types. Advantages include high efficiency, diverse heat sources, low emissions, and maintenance-free operation. Disadvantages include cost and sealing issues. Practical applications include waste heat recovery, solar power, and marine engines.
This document outlines Aleksandra Monika Zarzycka's final year project on the Stirling engine. The project involved analyzing the thermodynamic cycle of the Stirling engine, redesigning the engine with 3D modeling and manufacturing drawings, and building and testing a prototype. The goals were to increase mechanical efficiency, adapt the design for university manufacturing, simplify the mechanism, and incorporate a generator. Various design changes were made and tests conducted, including an air leak test, lubricant testing, piston testing, and a final performance test. The conclusions analyzed the thermodynamic cycle and mechanical tests on the working prototype.
The document provides an overview of the Stirling engine, including its history, working principle, components, configurations, efficiency, applications and advantages/disadvantages. It was invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling as a safer alternative to steam engines. The Stirling engine works on a closed regenerative thermodynamic cycle to convert heat into mechanical work using a fixed quantity of working fluid. Its components include a working gas, displacer/power pistons, heat exchangers and a regenerator. Common configurations are the alpha, beta and gamma types. Applications include power generation, cooling and pumping. Advantages are high efficiency and fuel flexibility, while disadvantages include cost and sealing challenges.
The Stirling engine is a heat engine that uses an external heat source and a sealed working gas to generate power without combustion or exhaust. It has two pistons that create a 90-degree phase angle and uses the Stirling cycle rather than the cycles of internal combustion engines. There are two main types - one with two pistons and one with a displacer piston. Key advantages are that it can run on various fuels, is non-polluting since the gas never leaves the engine, and is quieter than other engines.
power generation using stirling engine and solar energyabhishek sharma
This document describes a project to generate electricity using a beta Stirling engine powered by solar energy. It discusses how Stirling engines work using the expansion and compression of gases, and how a beta Stirling engine was designed. Parabolic dishes would be used to concentrate solar rays to heat the engine. The document outlines the process for analyzing and designing the Stirling engine, including first and second order analyses and optimization of parameters. Software images show designs of the parabolic dishes and engine components. Analysis results predict efficiencies from 31-50% and power outputs ranging from 210-627 watts.
The document discusses the Stirling engine as a pollution-free alternative to traditional internal combustion engines. The Stirling engine uses a sealed chamber where a fixed amount of gas expands and contracts due to changes in temperature from an external heat source, driving pistons and creating useful work. Key advantages are its ability to use any type of fuel without producing exhaust emissions. Due to these characteristics, the Stirling engine has great potential to replace other engine types and help address energy and pollution issues.
The Stirling engine was invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling as an alternative to steam engines due to their explosions. It works by alternately compressing and expanding a fixed quantity of air or other gas between a hot and cold section, driving a piston. There are three main types - alpha, beta, and gamma - distinguished by how they move the air between sections. Advantages include various heat sources, low pressure operation, and efficiency theoretically equal to Carnot efficiency. Applications include water pumps, solar power, micro-CHP, and cryocoolers.
A solar powered Stirling engine works by using solar energy to heat hydrogen gas in a Stirling engine's receiver. The pressure from the expanding gas drives a piston which powers a generator to produce electricity. Stirling engines can achieve higher efficiency than photovoltaic cells by using concentrating solar power to focus sunlight on the receiver. While Stirling engines are initially costly, they provide a low-cost way to produce power from solar energy and offer advantages like being quiet and able to run on various heat sources. However, challenges include the complexity of sealing parts and initial costs being high compared to the amount of power produced. Overall, solar Stirling technology represents a promising renewable energy option to help address growing power demands and reliance on fossil fuels
Application of solar energy for sterling engineRohan Homkar
This document discusses a student project to design a solar sterling engine system. It begins with an introduction to the need for electricity and various energy sources. It then describes how solar energy and sterling engines work at a high level. The key activities of the project are outlined as selecting the energy conversion method, designing a solar parabolic collector, choosing a sterling engine type, manufacturing and testing the engine components, and concluding with results. The document provides background information on solar energy and sterling engines to support the design of the student project.
The document provides information about the design and fabrication of a Stirling engine. It discusses that a Stirling engine operates through the cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas. It also mentions that the inclusion of a regenerator is what differentiates a Stirling engine from other closed cycle hot air engines. Originally conceived in 1816, its practical use was largely confined to low-power domestic applications for over a century.
Solar Stirling Engine with Solar TrackerImran Butt
The document summarizes a student project to design and build a solar Stirling engine with solar tracker. It includes sections on background, methodology, components, preliminary results showing 520 RPM generation, features such as being environmentally friendly and cheap electricity production, applications, and a conclusion that increasing the size could generate up to 5kw of electricity at low cost. It is presented by 6 students to their internal and external advisors.
The document discusses solar Stirling engines, which can convert solar energy to mechanical energy. A Stirling engine uses heat from an external source to power its operation. It was invented in 1816 and can achieve near-maximum theoretical efficiency. For solar applications, the heat source is solar energy collected via a dish collector. It then works by using pressure changes from heated gas to power pistons or generate electricity. Some benefits are its efficiency, quiet operation, and ability to provide power independent of transmission lines. It has potential applications for electricity generation, industries, homes, agriculture, and rural electrification. However, it also faces challenges in manufacturing and competing with established solar technologies.
Dish Stirling - CSP - Technology in TransitionSmithers Apex
- Technology overviews
- Workable business model for Stirling CSP
- What can we expect by 2016
- Battle –Strategy and Sustainable challenges for Dish and other CSP
- Drivers- Barriers and Performance
Cynthia Christensen, President, CORNWELL GROUP
The document discusses solar Stirling power technology. A solar Stirling engine uses concentrated sunlight as a heat source to more efficiently generate electricity than solar panels. It consists of a closed cylinder containing gas that is heated at one end by sunlight and cooled at the other. As the gas expands and contracts, a generator is driven to produce electricity. The engine has a simple design with few moving parts, is efficient, clean, and silent. It can run on various heat sources and has low maintenance costs, though initial costs are high and it faces challenges with sealing and heat losses. The technology has scope for large-scale power production to address energy crises given that sunlight is a renewable source.
A Stirling engine is a heat engine that operates by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas (the working fluid) at different temperatures, such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work. More specifically, a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine with a permanently gaseous working fluid.
The Stirling engine was invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling as a safer alternative to steam engines. It works by alternately compressing and expanding a fixed amount of working fluid between a hot and cold section, driving a piston for power generation. Key components include pistons and a displacer. Advantages over steam engines include operating at lower pressures safely using various heat sources. Applications include power generation, pumps, refrigeration, and as an alternative power source for vehicles, ships and nuclear plants. Stirling engines are more efficient than steam and can use solar, waste or other heat sources to run.
The document describes the construction of a Stirling engine project. It lists the project coordinator and 12 student executors. It provides guidelines for making and assembling the engine parts, including instructions on balancing the system mechanically without the bottom plate. The final assembly involves gluing the bottom aluminum plate to the transparent cylinder wall. It includes project plans, drawings of assembly and individual parts.
The document discusses Stirling engines, including their history, types (Alpha, Beta, Gamma), efficiency comparison to internal combustion engines, key components, and advantages/disadvantages. Stirling engines operate using cyclic compression and expansion of a gas between hot and cold temperatures to convert heat into mechanical work. They were invented in the 1800s as a safer alternative to steam engines and can achieve higher efficiencies than internal combustion engines. The main types differ in their piston arrangements, and key components include the working gas, heat exchangers, displacer, regenerator, and expansion/compression mechanisms. Advantages include quiet operation and ability to use various heat sources, while disadvantages include higher costs and lack of power flexibility.
The Principles and Works of Stirling EngineLutfi Hidayat
The document analyzes the KS90T Solar Twin LTD Stirling engine. It begins with an introduction that provides background on Stirling engines and discusses how low temperature differential (LTD) Stirling engines can utilize low heat sources. It then covers the basic theory of how Stirling engines work and the different types. The document describes the methods used to study the KS90T, which included collecting data through observing an existing KS90T engine. The results section outlines key design parameters and dimensions of the engine components. In discussion, it indicates the engine works by compressing and expanding gas with reciprocating pistons, and can function with a small temperature difference, making it suitable for solar energy.
This document discusses solar powered Stirling engines. It begins with an introduction to Stirling engines, invented in 1816, which convert heat into mechanical energy. It then describes the basic components and operation of Stirling engines, including the regenerator and four main processes. Three main types of Stirling engines are outlined - Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. Applications discussed include using Stirling engines with solar power by concentrating sunlight, as well as concentrating solar plants. The Carnot and Stirling thermodynamic cycles are also compared. A case study highlights a solar Stirling engine with a peak efficiency of 31.25%. Advantages include high efficiency and no emissions when paired with solar, while disadvantages include needing hybridization for continuous operation.
This document discusses biomass-fueled Stirling engines for off-grid applications. It outlines that biomass and Stirling engines are well-suited for power generation in remote communities due to their ability to use low-quality fuels. The document then describes Oxford University's development of linear Stirling engine technology, which uses oil-free and wear-free components like flexures and clearance seals for long life and low maintenance. This technology is well-suited for biomass applications from 5-20kW. Finally, it summarizes Oxford's work developing new Stirling engine and solar concentrator designs to further improve biomass-powered systems.
The document summarizes the history, working principle, configurations, types, Stirling cycle, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the Stirling engine. It was invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling as an alternative to steam engines to avoid explosions. It operates outside combustion and uses the temperature difference between a hot and cold side to push and pull a piston. Common configurations include alpha, beta, and gamma types. Advantages include high efficiency, diverse heat sources, low emissions, and maintenance-free operation. Disadvantages include cost and sealing issues. Practical applications include waste heat recovery, solar power, and marine engines.
This document outlines Aleksandra Monika Zarzycka's final year project on the Stirling engine. The project involved analyzing the thermodynamic cycle of the Stirling engine, redesigning the engine with 3D modeling and manufacturing drawings, and building and testing a prototype. The goals were to increase mechanical efficiency, adapt the design for university manufacturing, simplify the mechanism, and incorporate a generator. Various design changes were made and tests conducted, including an air leak test, lubricant testing, piston testing, and a final performance test. The conclusions analyzed the thermodynamic cycle and mechanical tests on the working prototype.
The document provides an overview of the Stirling engine, including its history, working principle, components, configurations, efficiency, applications and advantages/disadvantages. It was invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling as a safer alternative to steam engines. The Stirling engine works on a closed regenerative thermodynamic cycle to convert heat into mechanical work using a fixed quantity of working fluid. Its components include a working gas, displacer/power pistons, heat exchangers and a regenerator. Common configurations are the alpha, beta and gamma types. Applications include power generation, cooling and pumping. Advantages are high efficiency and fuel flexibility, while disadvantages include cost and sealing challenges.
The Stirling engine is a heat engine that uses an external heat source and a sealed working gas to generate power without combustion or exhaust. It has two pistons that create a 90-degree phase angle and uses the Stirling cycle rather than the cycles of internal combustion engines. There are two main types - one with two pistons and one with a displacer piston. Key advantages are that it can run on various fuels, is non-polluting since the gas never leaves the engine, and is quieter than other engines.
power generation using stirling engine and solar energyabhishek sharma
This document describes a project to generate electricity using a beta Stirling engine powered by solar energy. It discusses how Stirling engines work using the expansion and compression of gases, and how a beta Stirling engine was designed. Parabolic dishes would be used to concentrate solar rays to heat the engine. The document outlines the process for analyzing and designing the Stirling engine, including first and second order analyses and optimization of parameters. Software images show designs of the parabolic dishes and engine components. Analysis results predict efficiencies from 31-50% and power outputs ranging from 210-627 watts.
The document discusses the Stirling engine as a pollution-free alternative to traditional internal combustion engines. The Stirling engine uses a sealed chamber where a fixed amount of gas expands and contracts due to changes in temperature from an external heat source, driving pistons and creating useful work. Key advantages are its ability to use any type of fuel without producing exhaust emissions. Due to these characteristics, the Stirling engine has great potential to replace other engine types and help address energy and pollution issues.
The Stirling engine was invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling as an alternative to steam engines due to their explosions. It works by alternately compressing and expanding a fixed quantity of air or other gas between a hot and cold section, driving a piston. There are three main types - alpha, beta, and gamma - distinguished by how they move the air between sections. Advantages include various heat sources, low pressure operation, and efficiency theoretically equal to Carnot efficiency. Applications include water pumps, solar power, micro-CHP, and cryocoolers.
A solar powered Stirling engine works by using solar energy to heat hydrogen gas in a Stirling engine's receiver. The pressure from the expanding gas drives a piston which powers a generator to produce electricity. Stirling engines can achieve higher efficiency than photovoltaic cells by using concentrating solar power to focus sunlight on the receiver. While Stirling engines are initially costly, they provide a low-cost way to produce power from solar energy and offer advantages like being quiet and able to run on various heat sources. However, challenges include the complexity of sealing parts and initial costs being high compared to the amount of power produced. Overall, solar Stirling technology represents a promising renewable energy option to help address growing power demands and reliance on fossil fuels
Application of solar energy for sterling engineRohan Homkar
This document discusses a student project to design a solar sterling engine system. It begins with an introduction to the need for electricity and various energy sources. It then describes how solar energy and sterling engines work at a high level. The key activities of the project are outlined as selecting the energy conversion method, designing a solar parabolic collector, choosing a sterling engine type, manufacturing and testing the engine components, and concluding with results. The document provides background information on solar energy and sterling engines to support the design of the student project.
The document provides information about the design and fabrication of a Stirling engine. It discusses that a Stirling engine operates through the cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas. It also mentions that the inclusion of a regenerator is what differentiates a Stirling engine from other closed cycle hot air engines. Originally conceived in 1816, its practical use was largely confined to low-power domestic applications for over a century.
Solar Stirling Engine with Solar TrackerImran Butt
The document summarizes a student project to design and build a solar Stirling engine with solar tracker. It includes sections on background, methodology, components, preliminary results showing 520 RPM generation, features such as being environmentally friendly and cheap electricity production, applications, and a conclusion that increasing the size could generate up to 5kw of electricity at low cost. It is presented by 6 students to their internal and external advisors.
The document discusses solar Stirling engines, which can convert solar energy to mechanical energy. A Stirling engine uses heat from an external source to power its operation. It was invented in 1816 and can achieve near-maximum theoretical efficiency. For solar applications, the heat source is solar energy collected via a dish collector. It then works by using pressure changes from heated gas to power pistons or generate electricity. Some benefits are its efficiency, quiet operation, and ability to provide power independent of transmission lines. It has potential applications for electricity generation, industries, homes, agriculture, and rural electrification. However, it also faces challenges in manufacturing and competing with established solar technologies.
Dish Stirling - CSP - Technology in TransitionSmithers Apex
- Technology overviews
- Workable business model for Stirling CSP
- What can we expect by 2016
- Battle –Strategy and Sustainable challenges for Dish and other CSP
- Drivers- Barriers and Performance
Cynthia Christensen, President, CORNWELL GROUP
The document discusses solar Stirling power technology. A solar Stirling engine uses concentrated sunlight as a heat source to more efficiently generate electricity than solar panels. It consists of a closed cylinder containing gas that is heated at one end by sunlight and cooled at the other. As the gas expands and contracts, a generator is driven to produce electricity. The engine has a simple design with few moving parts, is efficient, clean, and silent. It can run on various heat sources and has low maintenance costs, though initial costs are high and it faces challenges with sealing and heat losses. The technology has scope for large-scale power production to address energy crises given that sunlight is a renewable source.
This document outlines a project to design and build a Stirling engine powered generator system using wood fires. It presents the objectives to generate 50-100W of electricity from a Stirling engine that operates on a community's wood-fueled fires. It details the work breakdown structure of the project which includes developing the Stirling engine, electrical systems, business plans, and experiments with the community's wood fires. It also provides background on Stirling engines and describes the initial design of an Alpha type Stirling engine called the "Daedalus Alpha".
Improvements in efficiency of solar parabolic troughIOSR Journals
Solar energy is primary source of all type of energy which is present in nature i.e. all the energy
derived from it. So, direct utilization of solar energy into useful energy is important. There are so many solar
thermal equipments in which concentrating type collector heated the fluid up to 100 to 4000C. It is employed for
a variety of applications such as power generation, industrial steam generation and hot water production.
Parabolic trough collector is preferred for steam generation because high temperatures can achieve.
Cylindrical parabolic trough type collector consists of selective concentrator and a receiver tube. The
selective cover system prevents the heat loss (convective and radiative) from the receiver tube and improves the
performance of solar parabolic trough. Also evacuated chamber is created to reduce the loss of heat and reduce
the corrosion of concentrator surface. Tracking system is embedded in the solar parabolic trough for tracking
the sun energy movement.
This report presents the evaluation of solar insolation in terms of monthly average hourly global
radiation in Patna on 10th April, 2013. On the basis of this solar energy flux, comparative study of the
instantaneous efficiency of solar parabolic trough is done. Here four different types of cover system are
mathematically analyzed. (i) Single glass cover on receiver (ii) Double glass cover on receiver (iii) Single glass
cover on aperture (iv)Double glass cover on aperture. This report contains many graphs to illustrate the effect
on instantaneous efficiency on variation of primary parameter. With the help of MATLAB R201a software
mathematical calculation is obtained.
Here are some of the key reasons why solar energy is so important:
- Abundance - Solar energy is practically inexhaustible. The amount of energy that reaches the Earth's surface from the sun in one hour is greater than the world's total annual energy consumption.
- Environmental benefits - Generating electricity from solar energy produces no air or water pollution, noise, radioactive waste. It helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels.
- Energy security - Reliance on solar energy reduces dependence on imported fossil fuels. It diversifies the energy supply and makes nations more energy independent.
- Job creation - The solar industry is a fast-growing sector that is creating many new jobs in manufacturing, installation,
Parabolic dish solar concentrator systems were designed, fabricated, and tested at varying concentration ratios to investigate their performance. The concentrators had diameters of 0.9m and focal lengths of 1.02m. Testing was conducted at concentration ratios of 10.38, 20.76, and 31.15 using 1, 2, and 3 concentrators respectively. Higher concentration ratios resulted in shorter times to achieve steam production and higher steam pressures. Concentration ratios of 20.76 produced steam in under 30 minutes, with pressures up to 1.9 bars. Overall, increasing the concentration ratio improved the thermal efficiency and steam output of the parabolic dish concentrator system.
Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power, Algeria "Clean Power from the Desert" project.
The MED-CSP study focuses on the electricity and water supply of the EUROMED regions and countries. The scope was to create a database for decision
makers showing the potential of renewable energies to solve the regional energy and
water shortage and the corresponding cost escalation. A set of criteria for
sustainability was defined including not only environmental issues, but also socioeconomic efficiency and security of supply. A scenario was developed showing that the growing demand for power and water can be satisfied in an affordable way by a well balanced mix of technologies and resources.
The results of the MED-CSP study can be summarized in the following statements: Environmental, economic and social sustainability in the energy sector
can only be achieved with renewable energies. Present measures are
insufficient to achieve that goal.
An adequate set of policy instruments must be established immediately
to accelerate renewable energy deployment in the EU and MENA.
The Comparison of Different type reflector materials using with Small Solar Thermal Dish Stirling 10 kW Power Plant for Thailand Soft-land and Poor Insolation Nature
This document summarizes research on modeling direct steam generation in parabolic trough solar collectors. The researchers developed an optical and thermal model coupling Monte Carlo ray tracing with a detailed thermal model of the receiver. Their numerical simulations examined the effects of mass flow rate, solar irradiance, collector position, and receiver thickness on temperature distribution. Results showed thermal gradients are highest in the two-phase stratified flow region and increase with higher collector inclination. The maximum temperature gradient across the receiver was 1022 K/m under low irradiance conditions.
This document summarizes parabolic dish solar thermal power technologies. It discusses different types of power conversion units used with parabolic dishes like gas turbines, direct steam generation, and Stirling engines. Specific technologies are described, including Cummins' parabolic dish with a gas turbine from 1996. The document outlines the main components of parabolic dish systems and provides examples of projects using technologies from companies like SES, Infinia, and Cleanergy.
This document summarizes parabolic dish solar thermal power technologies. It discusses different types of power conversion units used with parabolic dishes like gas turbines, direct steam generation, and Stirling engines. Specific technologies are described, including Cummins' parabolic dish with a gas turbine from 1996. The document outlines the main components of parabolic dish systems and provides examples of projects using technologies from companies like SES, Infinia, and Cleanergy.
Scott Frier, COO of Abengoa Solar, presented at the GW Solar Institute Symposium on April 19, 2010. For more information visit: solar.gwu.edu/Symposium.html
The document discusses the Stirling engine, a sustainable technology invented by Robert Stirling in 1816 to provide an alternative to steam engines. The Stirling engine converts heat into mechanical power using a fixed quantity of working fluid and temperature differences, without the risk of exploding like steam engines. It has high efficiency and can run on various heat sources. The main components are a power piston and displacer piston, which move based on the compression and expansion of the working fluid as it alternates between heated and cooled sections of the engine. Potential applications include power generation, heating and cooling, and use in areas like marine engines, aircraft engines, and nuclear power plants.
Concentrated Solar Thermal Power can be coupled with Thermal Energy Storage using Molten Salts. This presentations offers a compelling argument why this technology will remain competitive despite future improvements in other storage technologies
The document discusses the history and working principles of the Stirling engine, an external combustion engine invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling as a safer alternative to steam engines. It describes the ideal Stirling cycle of isothermal expansion and compression processes separated by constant volume heat transfer. The key components of Stirling engines are identified as the working gas, heat exchangers, displacer mechanism, regenerator, and expansion/compression mechanism. Different types of Stirling engines - alpha and beta - are also summarized. Applications highlighted include using solar-powered Stirling engines for water pumping in rural areas.
Dr. Keith Lovegrove unveiled the ANU's new solar thermal dish in September at the SolarPACES international solar thermal conference in Berlin to much acclaim. This will be the first time it will be presented in Melbourne.
It is the world's biggest solar dish that comes with a mass production system that can build one dish a day. The dish has the highest optical efficiency of any commercial solar technology in the world and a field of 500 produces 100MW electrical power. ANU's dishes can be used on undulating ground, which is difficult for current solar thermal systems that use mirror fields or troughs.
Dr. Keith Lovegrove will also talk about replacing all of Australia's energy needs with this solar technology used in conjunction with thermal salt storage.
Dr. Keith Lovegrove is a senior lecturer in Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology at the Australian National University (ANU). He heads the ANU Solar Thermal Group which works on a range of projects involving high and low temperature thermal conversion of solar energy. This includes looking at dish and trough concentrators and thermochemical energy storage. He is widely published in scientific journals and has advised the Australian Government on CSP . Dr Lovegrove and his team are at the forefront of International research into concentrated solar power.
Advanced Solar Power Tower Coupled to a Supercritical CO2 Turbine CycleHibaz
1) Hiba Naffaa is evaluating the use of a supercritical CO2 turbine cycle for a 100 MW solar power tower plant in Lebanon under the direction of Prof. Michael Driscoll and Dr. Koroush Shirvan at MIT.
2) The objectives are to generate solar power with a heat-to-electricity efficiency of around 50% using the supercritical CO2 cycle and dry cooling.
3) An advanced form of power tower conversion using supercritical CO2 has advantages over steam cycles and physical testing is needed, with Julich proposed as the best option.
Basic Introduction of Solar Power Science, and use renewable Source of Energy, Unlimited Energy from Sun, Increase Carbon Point, and Use to Increase Environmental Dis-balance.
Modification and Testing of Parabolic Concentrator Solar Water Distiller Proj...Siddharth Bhatnagar
This document is a project report submitted for a Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses the modification and testing of a parabolic concentrator solar water distiller. The goal is to enhance the efficiency and usability of an existing solar distiller design. This is achieved through the addition of microprocessor control and sensors for automated sun tracking, as well as a chain drive mechanism for improved operation. The distiller is powered by a battery and solar panel. Students conducted research, designed the modifications, fabricated the prototype, programmed the microcontroller, and experimentally tested the improved distiller. The results showed an increase in the annual usable capacity of the distiller.
The document provides an overview of four solar thermal power generation technologies: parabolic trough collectors (PTC), central receiver systems (CRS), linear Fresnel collectors (LFC), and solar dishes (SD). It describes the basic components, specifications, operation principles, and performance of each technology. PTCs use parabolic mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto a linear receiver while CRS use an array of mirrors to reflect sunlight to a central receiver. LFCs and SDs also concentrate sunlight but use different mirror and receiver configurations. The document compares the key parameters of each technology such as efficiency, capacity factor, and costs.
The document discusses forces acting on large steam turbine blades. It provides background on RWE npower and steam turbine operation. A mathematical model is developed to calculate the centripetal force on a blade based on its mass distribution, radius, and angular velocity. Using sample data for a last stage low pressure blade, the force is calculated as 963 kN and stress at the blade root is 120 MPa. While within acceptable limits, the forces demonstrate the importance of design, manufacturing, and maintenance for safe turbine operation. Extension activities consider related calculations and topics.
A four power piston low-temperature differential stirlinggargashrut91
This document summarizes research on a four power-piston low-temperature differential Stirling engine using simulated solar energy as a heat source. Key findings include:
1) The engine was tested at various solar intensities up to a maximum of 1378 W and a heater temperature of 439 K.
2) At these maximum conditions, the engine produced a maximum torque of 2.91 N m, shaft power of 6.1 W, and brake thermal efficiency of 0.44% at 20 rpm.
3) Research is summarized on using low-temperature heat sources for Stirling engines and measuring their performance characteristics including Beale number.
Design And Analysis Of Stirling Engine For Underwater ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a Stirling engine for underwater applications. It begins with an introduction to Stirling engines and why they are suitable for underwater vehicles. It then describes the methodology, which included thermodynamic analysis using Schmidt analysis, CAD modeling, and structural/CFD analysis. The theoretical analysis determined key parameters and performance characteristics. Structural analysis found stresses and deformations to be within limits. A surface area of 0.2827 m2 was determined to provide sufficient cooling. In conclusion, the engine is capable of producing 214.7 Watts of power, making it suitable for propelling underwater vehicles.
This document provides an overview of an industrial training seminar at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited. It discusses the need for training, then describes the key components of a turbo generator including the stator, rotor, insulation, excitation system, and cooling systems. Different cooling methods for turbo generators are also explained, such as air cooling, hydrogen cooling, and hydrogen/water cooling.
This document summarizes the development of a small 50W class Stirling engine. Key points include:
- A gamma type Stirling engine was designed with a simple moving-tube heat exchanger and Rhombic mechanism. The target was 50W output at 4000rpm.
- Performance tests without load used air and showed the engine could run. Higher heat exchanger performance and lower mechanical losses are needed to reach targets.
- Mechanical loss measurements under pressure found friction torque increased linearly with speed. The viscosity coefficient was determined to be 2.03×10-4 (Nms).
AES Barna Wind Turbine Provisional FidayJoe Geraghty
The document summarizes a student project on modeling wind turbines at Leitir Gungaid Wind Farm in Barna, Galway. The objectives are to model the power output of each turbine blade and the 3 different turbine types using Simulink. Key aspects included:
1. Describing the 3 turbine types - 2MW, 2.3MW, and 3MW models from Enercon GmbH.
2. Modeling a NACA 4412 blade profile in 9 sections to distribute forces evenly along the blade.
3. Developing a Simulink model to calculate the torque and power output of each blade section and total turbine output based on wind data inputs.
4. Explaining the calculations
The document summarizes the design and manufacturing of a twin lobe roots blower using a steel shaft. It describes the limitations of the existing cast iron shaft design and motivates switching to a steel shaft. The steel shaft design is analyzed using FEA software to validate it can withstand the stresses. Key steps included determining shaft geometry, selecting bearings, and comparing performance to the original design. Testing showed the blower met requirements for noise, vibration, power, airflow, pressure, and temperature rise.
IRJET- Certain Investigation on Induction Motor Performance with Variable Fre...IRJET Journal
This document describes a thermal analysis and design optimization of steam turbine blades. It analyzes blades made of different materials including titanium, nickel, and aluminum alloys. A finite element analysis is conducted using ANSYS to simulate the thermal performance of blades with varying hole sizes and materials. Results show that a titanium alloy blade with 5 holes of 0.5mm diameter performed best with lower equivalent stress, higher cyclic life, and reduced damage compared to blades without holes. The analysis provides thermal properties like heat flux, temperature distribution and life cycle assessment for optimized steam turbine blade design.
IRJET- Design and Thermal Analysis of Steam Turbine BladeIRJET Journal
This document describes a thermal analysis and design optimization of steam turbine blades. It analyzes blades made of different materials including titanium, nickel, and aluminum alloys. A finite element analysis is conducted using ANSYS to simulate the thermal performance of blades with varying hole sizes and materials. Results show that titanium alloy blades have the most stable thermal performance with lower heat dissipation temperatures compared to other materials. Blades with 5mm holes exhibited lower stresses and increased cyclic life compared to blades without holes. Therefore, designing steam turbine blades with holes can improve thermal performance and reduce stresses.
Design of Adjustable Blade Wind Turbine for Constant Generated PowerRajeev Kumar
Wind turbines use the kinetic energy of the wind for generating the electricity by using ac generators.
The produced energy mainly depends on the wind speed and the swept area of the turbine. As the wind speed increases accordingly the dimensions of the blades of wind turbine reduces. The blades are made auto adjustable with the help of stepper motor and control unit mounted on it.
The wind turbine blades power and efficiency has been measured at different tip-speed-ratios and a maximum efficiency of 30% at 1.27 N/m3 air density.
Present work gives an insight into the design aspects of a wind turbine, like turbine blade design, wind power and output power calculation. This paper presents an idea to maintain the generated power constant at variable wind speed by changing the blade dimensions
This document summarizes the working of Stirling engines. It discusses how Stirling engines operate based on the Stirling thermodynamic cycle, with isothermal expansion and compression processes. The key components of Stirling engines are described, including the heat source, regenerator, heat sink, displacer piston, and power piston. The document outlines the history and development of Stirling engines. It provides examples of applications for Stirling engines such as solar power generation, cooling, and pumping. In conclusion, Stirling engines are described as simple, versatile devices that can harness various heat sources for energy conversion in a reliable manner.
The document provides information about the Obra Thermal Power Plant located in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is owned and operated by Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam. The power plant has 13 functioning coal-fired units with a total generation capacity of 1350 MW. The document discusses the generating units at the plant, including their installation dates and original equipment manufacturers. It also provides a brief overview of the typical components of a coal-fired thermal power station, including the boiler, steam cycle, turbine generator, and quality assurance process.
This document provides an overview of flywheels and their use in smoothing out torque fluctuations in machines like engines and presses. It defines key terms like the coefficient of fluctuation of speed and energy. It shows how to calculate the required moment of inertia of a flywheel to keep a machine's speed within specified limits given the torque-angle diagram. It also derives the effective moment of inertia for geared systems. Several example problems are worked through to demonstrate these calculations.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Small Scale Horizontal Wind Turbine System Using DC-DC Boost ConverterIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a small-scale horizontal wind turbine system that uses a DC-DC boost converter. The system captures kinetic energy from wind using blades connected to a generator. The generator produces a variable voltage direct current. A boost converter maintains a constant voltage to charge a battery. An inverter then converts the stored battery power to alternating current to power loads. The system was designed to generate electricity for small, off-grid applications using inexpensive and accessible materials like PVC pipes for the blades. Test results showed the system could generate electricity from wind speeds of 4-6 m/s and successfully power a 60W AC load.
Design, Modeling & Analysis of Pelton Wheel Turbine BladeIJSRD
A Pelton-wheel impulse turbine is a hydro mechanical energy conversion device which converts gravitational energy of elevated water into mechanical work. This mechanical work is converted into electrical energy by means of running an electrical generator. The Pelton turbine was performed in high head and low water flow, in establishment of micro-hydroelectric power plant, due to its simple construction and ease of manufacturing. To obtain a Pelton hydraulic turbine with maximum efficiency during various operating conditions, the turbine parameters must be included in the design procedure. Here all design parameters were calculated at maximum efficiency by using MATLAB SOFTWARE. These parameters included turbine power, turbine torque, runner diameter, runner length, runner speed, bucket dimensions, number of buckets, nozzle dimension and turbine specific speed. The main focus was to design a Pelton Turbine bucket and check its suitability for the the pelton turbine. The literature on Pelton turbine design available is scarce; this work exposes the theoretical and experimental aspects in the design and analysis of a Pelton wheel bucket, and hence the designing of Pelton wheel bucket using the standard rules. The bucket is designed for maximum efficiency. The bucket modelling and analysis was done by using SOLIDWORKS 2015. The material used in the manufacture of pelton wheel buckets is studied in detail and these properties are used for analysis. The bucket geometry is analysed by considering the force and also by considering the pressure exerted on different points of the bucket. The bucket was analysed for the static case and the results of Vonmises stress, Static displacement and Factor of safety are obtained.
Finite Element Analysys of Axial Flow Turbine BladeIJMER
In this paper the finite element analysis of a Axial flow turbine bladefor a high tuned
design was carried out. The geometry was modelled in CATI A V5 R21 and finite element analysis had
been performed in AN SYS12 WB. FE analysis is was used to determine stress analysis at 15000rpm
modal analysis is at slung as well a s operating condition at 700F and low cycle fatigue analysis. After
performing the analysis, the safe working conditions for the axial flow turbine blade were also stated.
Thermal Analysis and Optimization of a regenerator in a Solar Stirling engineRohith Jayaram
This document analyzes and optimizes the regenerator of a solar Stirling engine. It aims to minimize various losses in the regenerator that reduce engine efficiency. These losses include fluid friction, reheat, conduction through the matrix, temperature swing, and shuttle conduction. The document models heat transfer and fluid flow through the regenerator. It calculates expressions for each loss type based on regenerator geometry, material properties, and operating parameters. The objective is to determine optimal values for properties like wire diameter, porosity, and material to maximize heat transfer while minimizing losses and pressure drop through the regenerator matrix.
Similar to The Design of Small Solar Thermal Dish Stirling 500 W Stand Alone in Thailand. (20)
This document summarizes the development of a new solar powered water wheel aerator model, the Chaipattana RX-2-3. The original RX-2-2 model required a 2HP induction motor that was difficult to power with solar cells. The new RX-2-3 model uses a 150W universal motor that can be powered by a single 300W solar panel connected to a DC-DC converter. A new controller was also developed that can operate on input voltages from 100VDC to 55VDC from the solar panel. Simulation and testing showed the new solar powered system can operate for at least 8 hours and has higher oxygen transfer efficiencies than the original model.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
2. The Schmidt analysis equation was published by a pure sinusoidal reciprocating motion having a 90
Gustav Schmidt of the German Polytechnic Institute of degree phase difference between the adjacent pistons.
Praque in 1871 [3] in which he obtained closed form
solutions of these equations for the special case of
sinusoidal volume variations of the working spaces.
Schmidt and Simple analysis can give us more
accurate and give the difference size of power piston,
displacement piston, heater area, cooler area, and
regenerator size. The calculation used the math lab
program from Dr. Urieli [4].
p = MR (Vc/Tk + Vk/Tk + (Vrln(Th/Tk))/(Th-Tk)
+ Vh/Th + Vc/Th)-1 (6)
Where p = Mean Pressure bar
M = Mass
R = Gas Constant Figure 2 Compound Gamma type Stirling engine
Vc = Compression Space Volume Source: By author
Vr = Regenerator Space Volume
Vh = Heater Space Volume The advantages of Rotary Drive Mechanism
Vk = Cooler Space Volume Stirling engine are that it is easy staring, smooth
Th = Heater Temperature, K running, and has good low end torque. Rotary Drive
Tk = Cooler Temperature, K Mechanism works well for applying the generator at
the top of a Stirling engine. It easy to installed at the
From Schmidt equations it can give the volume of focal point of a parabolic reflector.
heater and compression volume by this we can get the This Solar Stirling engine was first tested with 700
size of the power and displacer piston. Schmidt W x 4 electric heaters 1 ф 220 V, adjustable power,
equations give us more accurate piston size. and final tested with real solar insolation in Bangkok,
In this prototype engine the author decided to use Thailand at AREF.
4 cylinders gamma type Stirling Engine with internal This Solar Stirling engine was designed by author,
regenerator, Figure 1. This type of engine has the namely “Siam Solar Stirling Engine III”. Don Bosco
advantage of having separate cylinders out weight. Technical School has meanwhile supported the
Gamma type engine can also be compounded into a fabrication work on the Dish Structure, Stirling Engine
compact multiple cylinder configuration, as shown in components, Tracking mechanism and assembly the
Figure 2. engine. The author and his staff have then continued to
do the testing. All tests were done at AREF, Bangkok
in Thailand.
3. Solar Stirling Engine Specification
The Solar Stirling engine was designed as the
following Table 1:
Table 1 Solar Stirling Engine Specification
Type Gamma
Acting Double
Driver Mechanism Negative Rotary
Working Gas Air
Figure 1 Diagram of a simple displacer type gamma
Expansion space Temp 650 C (+/- 5 C)
engine.
Source: www.ent.ohio.edu/~urieli/stirling/engines Compression space Temp 40 – 50 C (+/- 5 C)
Ambient Temperature 40 C (+/-5 C)
This engine is enabling an extremely high specific Thermal Efficiency 60 %
power output. The four cylinders are interconnected Power Control Variable Pressure
(daisy chain), so that the expansion space of one No. of Cylinders 4
cylinder is connected to the compression space of the Means Pressure 0.5 MPa
adjacent cylinder via a series connected heater, Maximum Pressure 1 Mpa
regenerator and cooler. The pistons are typically driven Power Piston Diameter, mm. 48
by a negative swash-plate (Rotary Drum), resulting in Stroke, mm. 40
2
3. Power Displacement, cc. 72 x 4
Displacer Diameter, mm. 42
Displacer Length, mm. 150
Heater surface area, cm2 11.40
Cooler surface area, cm2 29.12
Regenerator surface area, cm2 161.60
Expansion swept, cm3 340.00
Compression swept, cm3 220.80
Speed, rpm 500 – 1200
Regenerator Type Tube
Cooling type Ethyl glycol
Electric heater 220 V 700 x 4 W
Mechanical Output Power 215 W @ 20 psi
Mechanical Output Power 550 W @ 80 psi
Source : By Author
4. Rotary Drive Mechanisms
The four pistons gamma type Stirling engine, are
daisy chained together with negative Swash Plate
(Rotary), Figure 3. This is done by driving the Figure 3 Swash Plate Type 2 (Rotary)
displacer via linear drive rods which are attached to the Source : By Author
top of power pistons. The rods pass through a sealed
bulkhead and the displacer cylinders are ported to
power piston cylinders that are phased behind them
90°. This allows an engine that only requires one crank
through per piston where other Stirling engine requires
two.
The bronze bushing sealed bulkhead was replaced
with guide bearing with rubber seal, and replace the
Mitter gear with Rotary Drum. This could call
Negative Swash plate. It also added more bearing and
universal joint. The rotation, Clock-wise or counter
clock-wise, can be done by adjust a little phase angle,
positive or negative, different.
This engine stands a height of 60 cm. The surface
area of the heating side is 11.40 cm2. The total weight
when mostly made of aluminum casting is around 20
kgs. The working piston diameter is 4.8 cm, the
restrictor piston diameter is 5.00 cm, and the stroke is
4.00 cm. The engine was designed with pressured air
as working fluid at an operating pressure of up to 1
MPa (147 Psi). The method of heating it arbitrary
since it is a Striling engine, but the prototype was
heated with 700 x 4 W electric heater, adjustable
power, each cylinder the engine produces 130 W
mechanical work.
The maximum heat input is 2800 W which is more Figure 4 Swash Plate Type 2 (Rotary)
than the estimated heat input from the concentrating Source : By Author
dish, 2,000 W at solar insolation 550 W/m2, average
daily Thailand insolation. The engine was circulating 5. Calculation results
with Ethyl Glycol to cool the engine. The engine is
estimated to have the thermal efficiency of 60 % and 5.1 Engine data
mechanical efficiency of 30 %. Comp clearance vols 4.0 cm3
The engine starts running at 200 °C and produces Comp swept vols 72.0 cm3
550 W power output when near the max temperature Exp clearance vols 3.0 cm3
of 650 °C. The ideal speed is approximately 1200 rpm Exp swept vols 69.0 cm3
and the torque output is 10.4 Nm. Expansion phase angle advance 90.0 deg
3
4. 5.2 Annular heat exchanger Cooler data 5.9 Heater Simple analysis
Void vols 137.22 cm3 Average Reynolds number 1841.00
Free flow area 0.13 cm2 Maximum Reynolds number 3323.90
Wetted area 3.43 cm2 Heat transfer coefficient 202.79 W/m2*K
Hydraulic diameter 16.00 mm Heater wall/gas temperatures Twh 923.00 K
Cooler length 10.50 cm Tgh 892.00 K
5.3 Tubular regenerator housing with stacked wire 5.10 Cooler Simple analysis
mesh matrix Average Reynolds number 4110.70
Matrix porosity 0.160 Maximum Reynolds number 7135.40
Matrix wire dia 0.130 mm Heat transfer coefficient 38.94 W/m2*K
Hydraulic dia 0.024 mm Heater wall/gas temperatures Twh 313.00 K
Total wetted area 0.0542 m2 Tgh 374.50 K
Regenerator length 148.0 mm
Void vols 0.24 cm3 5.11 Converged heater and cooler mean temperatures
heater wall/gas temperatures Twh 923.00 K
5.4 Annular gap heat exchanger heater data Th 892.00 K
Void vols 21.44 cm3 cooler wall/gas temperatures Twk 313.00 K
Free flow area 0.02 cm2 Tk 374.50 K
Wetted area 2.86 cm2
Hydraulic dia 3.00 mm 5.12 Regenerator Simple Analysis
Heater length 10.00 cm Average Reynolds number 18.100
5.5 Operating parameters Maximum Reynolds number 32.800
Gas Type Air Stanton number (Average Re) 0.203
Mean pressure 4,200 kPa Number of transfer units 2,487.000
Cold sink temperature 313.0 K Regenerator effectiveness 1.000
Hot source temperature 923.0 K Regenerator net enthalpy loss 0.500 W
Effective regenerator temperature 546.1 K Regenerator wall heat leakage 13.900 W
Operating frequency 20.0 Hz
Pressure phase angle beta 18.0 deg 5.13 Pressure Drop Simple Analysis
Total mass of gas 0.991 gms Pressure drop available work loss 26,946.7 W
Actual power from simple analysis -26,848.8 W
5.6 Schmidt Analysis Actual heat power in from simple 193.9 W
Work 5.067 J analysis
Power 101.3 W Actual efficiency from simple -13,845.0 %
Qexp 7.667 J analysis
Qcom -2.600 J
Indicated efficiency 0.661 6. Dish specifications
5.7 Ideal Adiabatic Analysis Table 2. Dish Specification
Heat transferred to the cooler -59.73 W Dish Type Parabolic
Net heat transferred to the regenerator 0.00 W Structure Type Space Truss
Heat transferred to the heater 160.67 W Dish Diameter, m 2.50
Total power output 101.34 W Dish Focus, m 1.56
Thermal efficiency 0.631 Depth. m 0.25
Total height, m 3.20
5.8 Simple Analysis Aperture area, m2 4.90
Heat transferred to the cooler -82.11 W
Reflective, % 90
Net heat transferred to the regenerator 0.00 W
Power at receiver, W 2,000
Heat transferred to the heater 179.48 W
Tracking sensor H bridge LED
Total power output 97.85 W
Thermal efficiency 0.545 Tracking power, W 10 x 2
Source : By Author
4
5. 9. Conclusions
The “Siam Solar Stirling Engine System III (SSES
III) prototype” was designed to meet Thailand’s
weather environment (such as humidity, solar
insolation, soft land, and wind load, etc.).
The Dish structure and Solar Stirling engine
components were fabricated by the Don Bosco
Technical School under the author’s supervision. The
system is now under testing for reliability and
endurance.
Figure 3 shows the SSESIII. This engine stands a
Figure 5 Parabolic Dish Structure at AREF, Bangkok, height of 60 cm. The surface area of the heating side is
Thailand. Basic engineering and calculation for steel 11.40 cm2. The total weight when mostly made of
structure and foundation was created by the author. aluminum casting is around 20 kgs. The working
Steel fabrication work was built by the Don Bosco piston diameter is 4.8 cm, the restrictor piston diameter
Technical School. Erection and Installation work was is 5.00 cm, and the stroke is 4.00 cm. The engine was
also created by the author and the AREF staffs as well designed with pressured air as working fluid at an
as controllers system, Solar Tracker mechanism, the operating pressure of up to 0.5 MPa (72 Psi). The
circuit design and assembly work. method of heating it arbitrary since it is a Striling
Source : By author engine, but the prototype was heated with 700 x 4 W
electric heaters, adjustable power, each cylinder the
Delta Truss Support Structure made from steel. engine produces 130 W mechanical work. The
The Delta Ring attached to the top of Delta Truss maximum heat input is 2,800 W which is more than
Support Column. The dish structure made from GRP, the estimated heat input from the concentrating dish,
12 panels. The acrylic mirror was glued to the GRP 2,000 W at solar insolation 550 W/m2, daily average
dish. The reflector attach to the Delta Ring with Thailand solar insolation. The engine was circulating
adjustable screw. The Solar Stirling engine install at with Ethyl Glycol to cool the engine. The engine is
the center of focus point. The temperature at the focus estimated to have the total efficiency of 31 %. The
is around 650 °C. engine starts running at 200 °C and produces 550 W
power output when near the max temperature of 650
7. Performance °C. The ideal speed is approximately 1200 rpm and the
torque output is 10.4 Nm.
Table 3 Solar Stirling Engine Performance SSESIII can be rotate Clock-wise or counter
Cost USD 1,280.00 clock-wise by adjust a little phase angle, positive or
Mean Time Between Fail (hrs) 18,000 negative, different.
Maintenance Time (hrs) 3,500 The Negative Swash Plate Drive Mechanism
Torque (N-m) 10.4 (Rotary Drive), all piston rods install with guide
Thermal Eff. % 60 bearing on both side to reduce the friction. This type of
Mechanical Eff. % 31 Mechanism needs very accurate workmanship to
Source : By Author make. It is very quite during the operation. The Stirling
engine can be rotate clockwise or counter clockwise by
8. Results adjust a little phase angle, positive or negative,
different. The maintenance time are high, 18,000 hrs.
Figure 6 show the friction test for this rotary
Rotary Drive Friction Test
mechanism.
12
As the weight of Rotary drum is in balance so this
10 type of mechanism create much lower vibration than
V
other system. This type of Drive Mechanism has fewer
8
A parts than Daisy Chain Gear Drive but complicate to
6 W make. The cost of the system is medium high. The
4
friction is about 6.1 W. The engine torque 10.4 N-m is
quite good. Thermal efficiency is 60 %. and
2 Mechanical Efficiency is 31 %. The Rotary Drive
- Mechanism can be improved mechanical efficiency up
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 to 31 %. SSESIII required power to track only 10 x 2
W.
Figure 6 Daisy Chain Rotary, Friction Test By increasing dish diameter, reduce power to
Source : By Author track, enlarge displacer piston, reduce friction for drive
5
6. mechanism, and reduce power piston friction make the
SSESIII operate with Thailand conditions.
Friction of Stirling engine may not have direct
effect to the insolation, but if the Stirling engine has
less friction, Stirling engine will require less power to
overcome the friction. This will gain the performance
of the Stirling engine up. Thus, with medium
insolation as Thailand, average 550 W/m2 daily,
Stirling engine could perform better.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was prepared by Mr. Suravut
SNIDVONGS, Vice President, Asian Renewable
Energy Development and Promotion Foundation, EIT
member, a PhD Student, School of Renewable Energy
Technology, Naraesuan University, Pitsanulok,
Thailand. The author would like to acknowledge the
assistance and guidance of Asian Renewable Energy
Development and Promotion Foundation Dr. Sub.Lt.
Prapas Limpabandhu Deputy Minister of Foreign
Affair, Mr. Sutas AROONPAIROJ and staffs, the
Engineering Institute of Thailand members who
provided a critical review of this research through its
various stages, including Asist. Prof. Dr. Sirinuch,
Chindaruksa, Physic Department, Faculty of Science
Naraesuan University, as Advisor, Dr. Vichit,
Yamboonrung, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wattanapong
Rakwichien, Asist. Prof. Dr. Mathanee
Sanugansermsri, as Co-Advisor and the Naraesuan
University Staffs, Pitsanulok, Thailand. Especially the
Don Bosco Technical School staffs for their
fabrication and construction work on the prototype.
Finally, the author would like to thank the numerous
industries to provide information for this research.
References
[1] Suravut, Snidvongs, The comparison for
different type of drive mechanism for small solar
stirling engine 500 w in Thailand, 2007. ISEC 2007,
24-26 September, 2007. Tokyo, JAPAN.
[2] Ronald J. Steele, The Stirling Steele Engine
drawing, 1994. U.S.A
[3] G.Walker, Stirling Engines, Claarendon
Press, Oxford, 1980, p.73.
[4] Schmidt G 1871 The Theory of Lehmann’s
Calorimetric Machine Z. ver. Dtsch. Ing. 15 part
[5] http://www.ent.ohio.edu/~ureli/stirling/
[6] Chris Newton, Team Solaris, Final Design,
Fall 2003.
6