A solar powered Stirling engine works by using solar energy to heat hydrogen gas in a Stirling engine's receiver. The pressure from the expanding gas drives a piston which powers a generator to produce electricity. Stirling engines can achieve higher efficiency than photovoltaic cells by using concentrating solar power to focus sunlight on the receiver. While Stirling engines are initially costly, they provide a low-cost way to produce power from solar energy and offer advantages like being quiet and able to run on various heat sources. However, challenges include the complexity of sealing parts and initial costs being high compared to the amount of power produced. Overall, solar Stirling technology represents a promising renewable energy option to help address growing power demands and reliance on fossil fuels
A Stirling engine is a heat engine that operates by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas (the working fluid) at different temperatures, such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work. More specifically, a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine with a permanently gaseous working fluid.
Solar powered stirling engine driven water pumpeSAT Journals
Abstract Depletion of non-renewable resources has been a major problem that we face in today’s world, thus taking this into consideration, in this paper we deal with the powering of water pump using solar energy, for this purpose we use the principle of stirling cycle to achieve the desired result. Parabolic mirror is used to concentrate the solar beams onto the area where enough energy is produced to drive the stirling engine which works on the basic principal of the conversion of the heat energy to mechanical work depending on the heat difference being provided. A country like India, where energy crisis is a frequently observed problem, our system could be of great use especially in the areas where water deficiency is high, where shortage of electricity is a known fact. Our system uses the only abundant renewable energy that is the sun light for drawing out water from underground water beds which can be used to generate electric power, this method can act as an important tool. Keywords: Stirling engine, temperature difference, load, solar energy, water pump.
Fabrication of prototype of stirling engineRavi Shekhar
This was the hardware project presentation prepared by our team on Stirling Engine during second year at VIT University Vellore. This was prototype of an SFA Stirling Engine.
The Stirling engine is noted for its high efficiency compared to steam engines, quiet operation, and the ease with which it can use almost any heat source.This engine is currently exciting interest as the core component of micro combined heat and power (CHP) units, in which it is more efficient and safer than a comparable steam engine.
Presentation by Mike Dadd, University of Oxford, Smart Villages Technology Workshop, Cambridge 14 January 2014
The purpose of the workshop was to bring together leading UK researchers to discuss emerging technologies for the sustainable production and use of energy in rural communities in developing countries, and to take a ‘look ahead’ at scientific developments and technologies that might be influential over the next 10 - 20 years. It was held under the auspices of the ‘smart villages’ initiative, a three - year project to advance sustain able energy provision for development in off - grid villages in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
A Stirling engine is a heat engine that operates by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas (the working fluid) at different temperatures, such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work. More specifically, a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine with a permanently gaseous working fluid.
Solar powered stirling engine driven water pumpeSAT Journals
Abstract Depletion of non-renewable resources has been a major problem that we face in today’s world, thus taking this into consideration, in this paper we deal with the powering of water pump using solar energy, for this purpose we use the principle of stirling cycle to achieve the desired result. Parabolic mirror is used to concentrate the solar beams onto the area where enough energy is produced to drive the stirling engine which works on the basic principal of the conversion of the heat energy to mechanical work depending on the heat difference being provided. A country like India, where energy crisis is a frequently observed problem, our system could be of great use especially in the areas where water deficiency is high, where shortage of electricity is a known fact. Our system uses the only abundant renewable energy that is the sun light for drawing out water from underground water beds which can be used to generate electric power, this method can act as an important tool. Keywords: Stirling engine, temperature difference, load, solar energy, water pump.
Fabrication of prototype of stirling engineRavi Shekhar
This was the hardware project presentation prepared by our team on Stirling Engine during second year at VIT University Vellore. This was prototype of an SFA Stirling Engine.
The Stirling engine is noted for its high efficiency compared to steam engines, quiet operation, and the ease with which it can use almost any heat source.This engine is currently exciting interest as the core component of micro combined heat and power (CHP) units, in which it is more efficient and safer than a comparable steam engine.
Presentation by Mike Dadd, University of Oxford, Smart Villages Technology Workshop, Cambridge 14 January 2014
The purpose of the workshop was to bring together leading UK researchers to discuss emerging technologies for the sustainable production and use of energy in rural communities in developing countries, and to take a ‘look ahead’ at scientific developments and technologies that might be influential over the next 10 - 20 years. It was held under the auspices of the ‘smart villages’ initiative, a three - year project to advance sustain able energy provision for development in off - grid villages in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Legionnaires' Disease - How to Comply with Rapidly Developing Cooling Tower R...Lisa Dehner
The slide presentation reviews some facts about Legionnaires’ disease and how VERTEX can help you comply with rapidly developing cooling tower regulations.
The Vortex Tube is a low cost solution to a wide variety of industrial processing and spot cooling needs. Small Vortex Tubes and Medium Vortex Tubes are constructed of stainless steel, reliable, maintenance free-operation. They can produce cold air using small amounts of compressed air.
Improvements in efficiency of solar parabolic troughIOSR Journals
Solar energy is primary source of all type of energy which is present in nature i.e. all the energy
derived from it. So, direct utilization of solar energy into useful energy is important. There are so many solar
thermal equipments in which concentrating type collector heated the fluid up to 100 to 4000C. It is employed for
a variety of applications such as power generation, industrial steam generation and hot water production.
Parabolic trough collector is preferred for steam generation because high temperatures can achieve.
Cylindrical parabolic trough type collector consists of selective concentrator and a receiver tube. The
selective cover system prevents the heat loss (convective and radiative) from the receiver tube and improves the
performance of solar parabolic trough. Also evacuated chamber is created to reduce the loss of heat and reduce
the corrosion of concentrator surface. Tracking system is embedded in the solar parabolic trough for tracking
the sun energy movement.
This report presents the evaluation of solar insolation in terms of monthly average hourly global
radiation in Patna on 10th April, 2013. On the basis of this solar energy flux, comparative study of the
instantaneous efficiency of solar parabolic trough is done. Here four different types of cover system are
mathematically analyzed. (i) Single glass cover on receiver (ii) Double glass cover on receiver (iii) Single glass
cover on aperture (iv)Double glass cover on aperture. This report contains many graphs to illustrate the effect
on instantaneous efficiency on variation of primary parameter. With the help of MATLAB R201a software
mathematical calculation is obtained.
Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power, Algeria "Clean Power from the Desert" project.
The MED-CSP study focuses on the electricity and water supply of the EUROMED regions and countries. The scope was to create a database for decision
makers showing the potential of renewable energies to solve the regional energy and
water shortage and the corresponding cost escalation. A set of criteria for
sustainability was defined including not only environmental issues, but also socioeconomic efficiency and security of supply. A scenario was developed showing that the growing demand for power and water can be satisfied in an affordable way by a well balanced mix of technologies and resources.
The results of the MED-CSP study can be summarized in the following statements: Environmental, economic and social sustainability in the energy sector
can only be achieved with renewable energies. Present measures are
insufficient to achieve that goal.
An adequate set of policy instruments must be established immediately
to accelerate renewable energy deployment in the EU and MENA.
The Comparison of Different type reflector materials using with Small Solar Thermal Dish Stirling 10 kW Power Plant for Thailand Soft-land and Poor Insolation Nature
Scott Frier, COO of Abengoa Solar, presented at the GW Solar Institute Symposium on April 19, 2010. For more information visit: solar.gwu.edu/Symposium.html
It is a external heat engine operating by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas, the working fluid, at different temperature levels such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work.
A Proposal on Heat Engines, a topic in Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics.
This work aim at studying the process involved in the conversion of heat energy to mechanical work and in effect the principles which engine operate.
Heat engines are systems that convert heat or thermal energy to mechanical energy which can then be used to do mechanical work. This is done basically by bringing a working substance from a higher state temperature to a lower state temperature. The working substance is brought to a high temperature by a heat source which generates thermal energy. This energy is converted to work by exploiting the proportion of the working substance during which the heat is transferred to the colder destination until it reaches a lower temperature state.
The conversion of this heat to mechanical work follow certain routes which ends at the start point and hence are called cycles. This work will in essence focus on these cycles. Otto cycle, Atkinson cycle and brayton cycle are some of the cycle that represent models for heat engine operations. The condition to which the working fluid is subjected in the process, is what distinguishes one cycle from the other.
A Case study of stirling engine that deals with some of its practical points instead of getting into complicated mathematics of its thermodynamic relations.
Waste heat is that which is generated in a process by way of fuel combustion or chemical reaction, and then dumped into the environment even though it could still be reused for some useful and economic purpose.
Erole Technologies Pvt Ltd. 7007957715, 7081584848
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
2. History of stirling engine and solar powered
stirling engine.
Stirling engine was invented
by ROBERT STIRLING on
September 27,1816.
A solar powered stirling engine
was patented by
Roelf J. Meijer in 1987.
3. What is stirling engine.
Stirling engine is a heat engine operating by cyclic
compression and expansion of air or other gas, the working
fluid, at different temperature level, such that there is a net
conversion of heat energy to mechanical work.
The engine is designed so that the working gas is generally
compressed in the colder portion of the engine and
expanded in the hotter portion resulting in a net conversion
of heat into work. An internal Regenerative heat exchanger
increases the Stirling engine's thermal efficiency compared to
simpler hot air engines lacking this feature.
4. Operation of Stirling Engine.
The stirling engine is a closed cycle it contains a fixed mass of
gas most commonly air, hydrogen or helium.
This is accomplished by moving the gas back and forth
between hot and cold heat exchangers, often with a
regenerator between the heater and cooler.
A change in gas temperature will cause a change in gas
pressure, while the motion of the piston causes the gas to be
alternately expanded and compressed.
When the gas is heated the pressure rises and this then acts
on the power piston to produce a power stroke.
When the gas is cooled the pressure drops by the piston to
compress the gas on the return stroke thus yielding a net
power output.
5. Classifications of Stirling engine.
There are three major types of Stirling engines :
1. Alpha Type: Alpha Stirling contains two power pistons in separate
cylinders, the hot & cold cylinder, this type of engine has high power to
volume ratio, but has technical problems due to high temp of the hot
piston and durability of seals.
2. Beta Type: A beta Stirling has a single power piston arranged within the
same cylinder on the same shaft as a displacer piston, When the working
gas is pushed to the hot end of the cylinder it expands and pushes the
power piston ,when it is pushed to cold end of the cylinder it contracts,
the technical problem of alpha stirling is been overcomed by beta.
3. Gamma Type: A gamma Stirling is simply a beta Stirling in which the
power piston is mounted in a separate cylinder alongside the displacer
piston cylinder, but is still connected to the same flywheel. The gas in the
two cylinders can flow freely between them and remains a single body.
This configuration produces a lower compression ratio but is
mechanically simpler.
6. Type1:Alpha type sterling engine
Alpha type Sterling engine.
There are two cylinders.
The expansion cylinder (red) is
maintained at a high temperature
the compression cylinder (blue)
is cooled.
The passage between the two
cylinders contains the regenerator
7. Type 2:Beta type sterling engine
Beta Type Sterling Engine.
There is only one cylinder,
hot at one end and cold at the other.
A loose fitting displacer shunts the
air between the hot and cold ends of
the cylinder.
A power piston at the end of the
cylinder drives the flywheel
8. Type2:Gamma type sterling engine
A gamma configuration Sterling
engine design
Pink – Hot cylinder wall
Dark grey – Cold cylinder wall (with coolant
inlet and outlet pipes in yellow)
Dark green – Thermal insulation
separating the two cylinder ends
Light green – Displacer piston
Dark blue – Power piston
Light blue – Linkage crank and flywheels
9. BASICS OF STIRLING ENGINE WITH SOLAR
Solar energy is one of the more attractive renewable energy
sources that can be used as an input energy source for heat
engines. In fact, any heat energy source can be used with the
Stirling engine
The solar radiation can be focused onto the displacer hot-end
of the Stirling engine, thereby creating a solar-powered prime
mover.
The direct conversion of solar power into mechanical power
reduces both the cost and complexity of the prime mover.
10. History and Generation
A solar powered stirling engine was invented by Roelf J. Meijer in
1987.
His invention relates a heat engine, such as a Stirling cycle engine,
with a solar dish collector in order to produce electricity.
The apparatus consists of a large dish aimed at the sun to reflect
the rays into the focus point, which is located at the centre of the
dish.
Solar energy is now collected in the form of heat to fuel a Stirling
cycle engine which operates by letting heat flow from a hot source
to a cold sink in order to do work.
The work output of the stirling cycle is then used to drive a
generator and create electric power.
11. Placed at the focus of a parabolic mirror a Stirling engine can
convert solar Energy to electricity with efficiency better than
non-concentrated photovoltaic cells.
It generates electricity much more efficiently and
economically than Photovoltaic (PV) systems with technology
called concentrated solar power (CPS).
12. By making a mirror to focus the sun’s rays on the receiver
end of a Stirling engine. The internal side of the receiver then
heats hydrogen gas, which expands.
The pressure created by the expanding gas drives a piston,
crank shaft, and drive shaft assembly much like those found in
internal combustion engines but without igniting the gas. The
drive shaft is connected to a small electricity generator.
A second type of solar powered stirling engine was
patented by NASA on August 3, 1976 which employed the use
of solar energy in order to freely pump water from a river, lake,
or stream. The purpose of this apparatus is to “provide a low-
cost, low-technology pump having particular utility in irrigation
systems employed in underdeveloped arid regions of the
earth,
14. CONCENTRATING SOLAR PLANTS
Concentrating solar power plants uses parabolic
trough collectors.
In parabolic trough system a parabolic shaped
concentrator of aluminium is used. In the centre the
received is placed.
In the central tower system many number of
heliostat’s are arranged in pattern, such that the
entire reflection of each heliostat is towards a central
tower.
The central tower acts as a receiver.
15.
16. EFFICIENCY
Theoretically
Stirling engine efficiency = Carnot efficiency
Unfortunately working fluid or gas is not ideal
this causes the efficiency to be lower than
Carnot efficiency.
In fact, Stirling engine efficiency depends on
Temperature ratio (proportionally)
Pressure ratio (inversely proportional)
Specific heat ratio (inversely proportional)
17. Advantages of solar stirling engine
The silence of operation.
Can run on any available heat source.
Supplying heat from continuous combustion process.
Some cases, allows the use of lightweight cylinders.
The engine mechanisms are simple in many ways.
Stirling engines are best for constant speed purpose.
Their maintenance cost is very low.
18. Disadvantages of solar stirling engine
The initial cost of the engine
It needs to warm up.
The problems of sealing.
Design complexity.
Some stirling engines are large for the amount of power
that they produce.
Losses increased due to regenerator, heater and cooler.
19. THE SCOPE OF SOLAR STIRLING TECHNOLOGY
As we know that today the huge amount of world’s power
is produced by the fossil fuels and that is also threaten to
the environment.
Even the prices of power are increasing day by day due oil
crises and also the trend of load shedding has been started.
So now the trend should be changed the technology has to
be switched off instead of renewable energy resources.
The solar stirling technology is best option to produce
maximum power to overcome energy crises.
The capital cost is high of this technology but the source of
energy is free till the universe ends.
20. “Change is the only
constant factor in the
World”
THANK YOU.