Objective(s): This study was aimed at investigating the synergy effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on the healing rate of the cutting wounds.
Materials and Methods: In order to determine the concentration of silver nanoparticles in Aloe vera gel, the MBC methods were applied on the most common bacteria infecting wounds, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cutting wounds with Full-thickness skin were dorsally created on rats; then the rats were divided into 4 groups. The treatments groups included: mixture of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles, Aloe vera gel alone and silver nanoparticles alone in addition to control groups. The treatment was carried out for 2 weeks and the size of the wound closures were measured by an image software analysis.
Results:There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in healing rate between the control and mixture group. However, there were significant differences between the silver nanoparticles and Aloe vera groups using Tukey’s analysis on the 6th, 8th and 10th days.
Conclusion:The Aloe vera gel increased the rate of wound healing whereas the silver nanoparticles had a delay effect; and when they were mixed, it was similar to the average effect of both Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles.
Pharmacological activity of the methanolic extract of sea urchins against esc...Innspub Net
This study elucidated the pharmacological potential of sea urchins using methanol as extracting medium. The antibacterial potential was evaluated using the paper disc method and zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was measured. Antioxidant properties of sea urchins were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Three species of sea urchin randomly collected along the intertidal zone of Diguisit, Baler Aurora were identified using diagnostic keys by the National Museum of the Philippines and they were identified as follows; Echinothrix diadema, Echinometra mathaei, and Echinometra oblonga. E. diadema recorded the highest diameter zone of inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus after 24 hours of incubation with 11.03 ± 1.75mm and 13.52 ± 1.13mm respectively while E. mathaei only inhibited S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 9.27 ± 2.06mm in 24 hours of incubation as well. As the zone of inhibition prolongs, the zone of inhibition decreases as observed in 48 hours of incubation. E. oblonga did not show inhibitoy effect, however it recorded the highest radical scavenging activity with 64.46% among the three species of sea urchins. This was followed by E. mathaei (51.52%) and E. diadema (37.38%). All collected species manifested antioxidant potential. Based on the results, the collected species of sea urchins has a pharmacological potential.
Alopecia areata is a common cause of hair loss seen in 3.8% of patients in dermatology clinics and in 0.2% to 2.0% of the general US population. The pathology of the disease remains poorly understood. Hair loss in alopecia areata can range from a single patch to 100% loss of body hair. When hair regrowth occurs in alopecia areata, the new hair may demonstrate pigment alterations, but a change in hair texture (i.e, curly or straight) has rarely been reported as a consequence of alopecia areata.
Controlled environment system and method for rapid propagation of saba banana...Innspub Net
Conventional propagation practices of banana challenge the production of disease-free planting materials. This study evaluates the use of misting system and different plant growth enhancers, Benzyl Amino Purine at 2mg/l and Napthalene Acetic Acid at 0.93g/L, on plantlet development of Saba banana (Musa balbisiana) macropropagated under glasshouse conditions. A total of 36 corms are equally distributed in three propagators. Four growth parameters are observed and analysed using factorial in Completely Randomized Design in first generation plantlets (GP1) and second generation plantlets (GP2). Results show that the use of misting system significantly increased (p<0.01) all the growth parameters tested during the first and second cycles. The growth enhancers significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (p<0.01), (GP1, GP2) and increased the number of shoots emerged (p<0.01) (GP1, GP2), shoot collar diameter (p<0.01) (GP1) (p<0.05) (GP2), and total leaf area (p<0.05) (GP1) (p<0.01) (GP2). The interaction of the two factors has significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (P ≤ 0.05), produced the most number of shoots (P ≤ 0.01) and the largest total leaf area (P ≤ 0.05) in GP2. The findings suggest that the combined use of misting system and plant growth enhancers accelerates the growth of macropropagated Saba banana.
On the systematics of genus Scylla De Haan,1833 of cochin backwaters, a South...Innspub Net
The present work is an attempt to describe the Scylla spp collected from Cochin backwaters, a South Indian estuary, for a period of two years from June 2010- to May 2012. Identification and description of Scylla spp. was carried out based on the conventional taxonomic tools viz., morphological characters including the description of the first and second male gonopods and the third maxillipeds; morphometry as well as the molecular methods viz., sequencing of CO1 gene and the amplification of ITS-1 region. The present study confirms the occurrence of two species of Scylla, from Cochin backwaters, namely Scylla serrata and Scylla olivacea. The study also rules out the existence of Scylla tranquebarica in Cochin backwaters. The smaller species being identified as S. Serrata is S. olivacea and the larger one being identified as S. tranquebarica is S. Serrata.
Ethnomedical herb from Cikondang indigenous village, district Bandung West Ja...Innspub Net
The research reported here is part of a comprehensive investigation of Cikondangs ethnobotany. The objective of
this study was to determine the community knowledge in using plants for medicine and healing agent in Cikondang Indigenous Village, district Bandung. Emic and ethical approaches were used to describe the community knowledge along with the scientific explanations. The data of community knowledge in using plants for medicine and healing agent was collected from respondents as many as 87 families and 4 key informants through interview techniques. The medicinal plants were identified in Herbarium Bogoriense-LIPI Biology Research Centre. The Cikondang community uses as many as 68 species belong to 39 families for medicinal plants, and Zingiberaceae is the most widely family used. Eight plant parts ,that are used for the treatment, were root, tuber, rhizome, stem, bark, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Leaves are the most widely used plant parts for treatment (29 species). People use several methods to prepare herbs, by boiling, brewing, grinding, squeezing out, shredding, burning, and without proccessing. The most widely used method was boiling the materials (37 species). Based on the disease type, Cikondang community classified four groups of disease, i.e. external, internal, digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urogenital diseases. The external diseases used the most numerous herbs (25 species).
Pharmacological activity of the methanolic extract of sea urchins against esc...Innspub Net
This study elucidated the pharmacological potential of sea urchins using methanol as extracting medium. The antibacterial potential was evaluated using the paper disc method and zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was measured. Antioxidant properties of sea urchins were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Three species of sea urchin randomly collected along the intertidal zone of Diguisit, Baler Aurora were identified using diagnostic keys by the National Museum of the Philippines and they were identified as follows; Echinothrix diadema, Echinometra mathaei, and Echinometra oblonga. E. diadema recorded the highest diameter zone of inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus after 24 hours of incubation with 11.03 ± 1.75mm and 13.52 ± 1.13mm respectively while E. mathaei only inhibited S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 9.27 ± 2.06mm in 24 hours of incubation as well. As the zone of inhibition prolongs, the zone of inhibition decreases as observed in 48 hours of incubation. E. oblonga did not show inhibitoy effect, however it recorded the highest radical scavenging activity with 64.46% among the three species of sea urchins. This was followed by E. mathaei (51.52%) and E. diadema (37.38%). All collected species manifested antioxidant potential. Based on the results, the collected species of sea urchins has a pharmacological potential.
Alopecia areata is a common cause of hair loss seen in 3.8% of patients in dermatology clinics and in 0.2% to 2.0% of the general US population. The pathology of the disease remains poorly understood. Hair loss in alopecia areata can range from a single patch to 100% loss of body hair. When hair regrowth occurs in alopecia areata, the new hair may demonstrate pigment alterations, but a change in hair texture (i.e, curly or straight) has rarely been reported as a consequence of alopecia areata.
Controlled environment system and method for rapid propagation of saba banana...Innspub Net
Conventional propagation practices of banana challenge the production of disease-free planting materials. This study evaluates the use of misting system and different plant growth enhancers, Benzyl Amino Purine at 2mg/l and Napthalene Acetic Acid at 0.93g/L, on plantlet development of Saba banana (Musa balbisiana) macropropagated under glasshouse conditions. A total of 36 corms are equally distributed in three propagators. Four growth parameters are observed and analysed using factorial in Completely Randomized Design in first generation plantlets (GP1) and second generation plantlets (GP2). Results show that the use of misting system significantly increased (p<0.01) all the growth parameters tested during the first and second cycles. The growth enhancers significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (p<0.01), (GP1, GP2) and increased the number of shoots emerged (p<0.01) (GP1, GP2), shoot collar diameter (p<0.01) (GP1) (p<0.05) (GP2), and total leaf area (p<0.05) (GP1) (p<0.01) (GP2). The interaction of the two factors has significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (P ≤ 0.05), produced the most number of shoots (P ≤ 0.01) and the largest total leaf area (P ≤ 0.05) in GP2. The findings suggest that the combined use of misting system and plant growth enhancers accelerates the growth of macropropagated Saba banana.
On the systematics of genus Scylla De Haan,1833 of cochin backwaters, a South...Innspub Net
The present work is an attempt to describe the Scylla spp collected from Cochin backwaters, a South Indian estuary, for a period of two years from June 2010- to May 2012. Identification and description of Scylla spp. was carried out based on the conventional taxonomic tools viz., morphological characters including the description of the first and second male gonopods and the third maxillipeds; morphometry as well as the molecular methods viz., sequencing of CO1 gene and the amplification of ITS-1 region. The present study confirms the occurrence of two species of Scylla, from Cochin backwaters, namely Scylla serrata and Scylla olivacea. The study also rules out the existence of Scylla tranquebarica in Cochin backwaters. The smaller species being identified as S. Serrata is S. olivacea and the larger one being identified as S. tranquebarica is S. Serrata.
Ethnomedical herb from Cikondang indigenous village, district Bandung West Ja...Innspub Net
The research reported here is part of a comprehensive investigation of Cikondangs ethnobotany. The objective of
this study was to determine the community knowledge in using plants for medicine and healing agent in Cikondang Indigenous Village, district Bandung. Emic and ethical approaches were used to describe the community knowledge along with the scientific explanations. The data of community knowledge in using plants for medicine and healing agent was collected from respondents as many as 87 families and 4 key informants through interview techniques. The medicinal plants were identified in Herbarium Bogoriense-LIPI Biology Research Centre. The Cikondang community uses as many as 68 species belong to 39 families for medicinal plants, and Zingiberaceae is the most widely family used. Eight plant parts ,that are used for the treatment, were root, tuber, rhizome, stem, bark, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Leaves are the most widely used plant parts for treatment (29 species). People use several methods to prepare herbs, by boiling, brewing, grinding, squeezing out, shredding, burning, and without proccessing. The most widely used method was boiling the materials (37 species). Based on the disease type, Cikondang community classified four groups of disease, i.e. external, internal, digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urogenital diseases. The external diseases used the most numerous herbs (25 species).
Differential antimicrobial activity of the various crude leaves extracts of S...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Concern about the rising prevalence of antibiotics resistant strains pathogenic micro-organisms has been expressed in the last three decades. However, intensive studies on extracts and biologically active compounds isolated from medicinal plants have also doubled in the last decade. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Sesame radiatum leaves were studied for in-vitro antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion method. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) phytochemical screening showed the presence of essential oils mainly the phenolic and carboxylic acids groups. The ethanolic extract mildly inhibited the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Candida albicans, while there was no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aurogenosa and Escherichia coli. However, aqueous extract exhibited no inhibitory effect on all the five tested micro-organisms
Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Methanolic Extract of S. Caryophyllatum (L.) A...iosrjce
S.caryophyllatum (L.) Alston belongs to the family Myrtaceae is an endangered species. It possesses
traditional as well as pharmacological properties. The objective of the present investigation was to find out the
antibacterial activity of S. caryophyllatum leaf methanolic extract against some human pathogenic bacteria. It
was followed by Disc Diffusion method using gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains such as
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Sarcina lutea, Esherichia coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella Spp., Salmonella typhi and Proteus mirabilis. The result showed that the
inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis (24mm) was high when compared to E. coli (21mm) and Bacillus cereus
(20mm).This effect on the bacterial strains may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites present in the
leaf methanolic extract of Syzygium caryophyllatum.
Antifungal Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Xanthium strumariumDheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: Antifungal activities and phytochemical screening of Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae) was carried out in laboratory. Distilled water and methanol extracts of the leaves of plant was prepared. Five phytopathogenic fungi: Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotium rolfsii were tested at different concentrations (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml) of selected plant extracts. The phytochemical screening depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The antifungal activity of extracts was determined by poisoned food technique; and linear mycelium growth reduction (LMGR) percentage was calculated. The distilled water extracts inhibited the growth of fungal mycelium while methanolic extracts completely inhibited (100%) the growth of some selected fungi at higher concentrations. Fusarium oxysporum was the most susceptible fungus while A. brassicae and B. cinerea were the most resistant fungi.
Key words: Antifungal activities, phytochemical screening, Xanthium strumarium, Linear Mycelium Growth Reduction (LMGR)
The results of the study show a promising role of Acacia Honey, a natural product with proven therapeutic effects on skin wound healing. It accelerated the initial stage of corneal wound healing without the side effects found when using conventional treatments which contain preservatives. Corneal keratocytes cultured in media supplemented with 0.025% Acacia Honey showed an increase in proliferative capacity while retaining their morphology, gene and protein expressions with normal cell cycle.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of Crude Extracts of Cochlospermum...iosrjce
The antibacterial activities of the methanolic, hot water, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of
Choclospermum planchonii leaf were tested against some clinical bacterial isolates and reference organisms.
The phytochemical screenings of the extracts were also carried out. The leaf extracts of the plant exhibited
antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus
aureus, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhii and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 28923),
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853. The methanolic leaf extracts
exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 0.31
and 1.25 mg/ml; and its zones of inhibition on the various test microorganisms ranging between 8mm and 13
mm. The petroleum ether extracts had the weakest antibacterial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) ranging between 2.50mg/ml and 5.00mg/ml and its inhibition zone ranging between 4mm and 8mm. The
phytochemical constituents present in the plant were alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and
sterols. The methanolic extracts of the leaf exhibited potentially biological activity than other extracts. This
indicates that the plant leaf could be useful in the treatment of human infections caused by these pathogens. The
antibacterial activities of the methanolic leaf extract may be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds.
Wound Healing activity of Leaves & roots of Pavetta Indica Linn of by using d...BRNSS Publication Hub
Pavetta indica, which is known as kankara in Hindi, is widely distributed in the greater part of India. P. indica is a traditional medicinal plant having for various diseases. Objective: The aim of the present study to evaluate the wound healing activity on different extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol) of leaves and roots of P. indica Linn. in albino rats using excision and incision wound models. Materials and Methods: The excision and incision wounds were inflicted on eight groups, each group having six albino rates and divided one group for control, six groups for test, and one group for standard treated with povidone iodine ointment. The parameter in excision observed was wound contraction and incision model was tensile strength. Result: It was noted that the effect produced by the methanolic extract of P. indica ointment showed a significant healing in both wound models. The studies indicate that the root extracts of plant have more potent healing as compared to leaf extracts. Conclusion: The results further suggest that P. indica facilitates healing by increasing the rate and extent of wound closure and increased tensile strength in wounds subject to healing.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Synergism effect between inoculum size and aggregate size on flavonoid produc...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different culture conditions on biomass content and flavonoid production of the elite C. asiatica accession UPM03. When 0.1 g inoculum 25 mL-1 of cell was grown in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg 2,4-D l-1 and 1 mg kinetin l-1, flavonoids were not significantly produced in cells or released into the culture medium. Production of flavonoid was correlated with the aggregation size and inoculum density. At aggregate size of 250-500 μm with 0.3 g inoculum density 25 mL-1, it gave the highest luteolin content with 35.45 μg g-1 DW. After investigating the effect of culture conditions, i.e. pH, inoculum density, light irradiation and plant growth regulator, we found that with the optimized condition (i.e. 250-500 μm aggregate size, 0.5 g wet cell 25 mL-1 supplemented with 3 mg L-1 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 kinetin at pH 5.7 under 16h photoperiod) the luteolin content was 11-fold higher than the cell suspension cultured at an inoculum size of 0.3 g wet cell 25 mL-1 with 250-500 μm aggregate size. Index Terms: Centella asiatica, flavonoid, light irradiation, pH regime, plant growth regulators .
Analgesic Effect of Lidocaine in Orofacial Pain Of RatsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In dental treatment, lidocaine is currently used as local anesthetic, but studies on the control of orofacial pain are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pre-treatment with lidocaine would involved in pain modulation in inflammatory orofacial pain.Male Sprague-Dawley white rats (240-280g) were used. The experimental group were divided into 3 groups(n=5); formalin (5 %, 50 μL), Administer 0.2%, 2% lidocaine, after administration, formalin (s.c). To induced orofacial pain, 5% formalin (50 μL) was injected under the skin on the right region of the whiskers of the experimental animals (n=5), and the act of rubbing or scratching the facial area in which the drug was injected was considered pain index. The administration of lidocaine at 2% concentration was found that the formalin-induced pain behavioral reaction was effectively reduced. The level of Nrf2 protein expression increased by formalin noticeably decreased in the medulla oblongata after lidocaine administration. Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress-mediated transcription factor. Both ginsengs significantly down-regulated the increased Nrf2 level in formalin group. These results indicate that lidocaine could be a promising regulated in the treatment of inflammatory orofacial pain
The Benefits of Calendula Officinalis on Protecting the Skin from the Harmful...My Girls Skin Care
Radiation therapy kills tumor cells, yet has acute side effects that may include: dermatitis, diarrhea, dry mouth, fatigue, hair loss, immune suppression, incontinence, mucositis, nausea, shortness of breath and sexual problems. This slide presentation summarizes clinical and non-clinical studies on Calendula studied in laboratories around the world, and its' benefits on protecting the skin from the harmful effects of radiation therapy.
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) belongs to family Salonaceae which is found in China and Himalayan. This herb is used to prevent various diseases and in medical treatments as an alternative medicine being widely used for its antioxidant and revitalizing potential effects. In recent years, Gojji has become increasingly popular in Europe and North America as a "superfruit" and dietary supplement. The belief that herbal products do not bring any risk to health, is part of popular culture. However the term "natural" assigned to many products cannot assure no health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) by micronucleus test and comet assay. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were divided into three equal groups: 1) experimental group, submitted to Gojji berry (200mg/kg orally); 2) positive control group (cyclophosphamide), and; 3) negative control group (distilled water). Micronucleus Tests were done by smear method of bone marrow cells performed after 48h for acute, and 72h for chronic exposure. The comet assay was performed on peripheral blood taken from the tail of each animal 4h, and 24h after intervention. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing the DNA damage measuring the percentage of DNA in the tail (% DNA- measurement of the proportion of the total DNA present in the tail) and the tail moment (TM-tail length times the percentage of DNA in the tail), calculated by 100 nucleoids per animal and the presence of micronuclei in 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes per animal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test at 5% significance was used comparing the results. The data showed no significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage and the number of micronuclei between the experimental group and the negative control group. The results also suggest that the aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no genotoxic effect, which could, to a certain point, justifies its use.
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) belongs to family Salonaceae which is found in China and Himalayan. This herb is used to prevent various diseases and in medical treatments as an alternative medicine being widely used for its antioxidant and revitalizing potential effects. In recent years, Gojji has become increasingly popular in Europe and North America as a "superfruit" and dietary supplement. The belief that herbal products do not bring any risk to health, is part of popular culture. However the term "natural" assigned to many products cannot assure no health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) by micronucleus test and comet assay. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were divided into three equal groups: 1) experimental group, submitted to Gojji berry (200mg/kg orally); 2) positive control group (cyclophosphamide), and; 3) negative control group (distilled water). Micronucleus Tests were done by smear method of bone marrow cells performed after 48h for acute, and 72h for chronic exposure. The comet assay was performed on peripheral blood taken from the tail of each animal 4h, and 24h after intervention. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing the DNA damage measuring the percentage of DNA in the tail (% DNA- measurement of the proportion of the total DNA present in the tail) and the tail moment (TM-tail length times the percentage of DNA in the tail), calculated by 100 nucleoids per animal and the presence of micronuclei in 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes per animal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test at 5% significance was used comparing the results. The data showed no significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage and the number of micronuclei between the experimental group and the negative control group. The results also suggest that the aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no genotoxic effect, which could, to a certain point, justifies its use.
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) belongs to family Salonaceae which is found in China and Himalayan. This herb is used to prevent various diseases and in medical treatments as an alternative medicine being widely used for its antioxidant and revitalizing potential effects. In recent years, Gojji has become increasingly popular in Europe and North America as a "superfruit" and dietary supplement. The belief that herbal products do not bring any risk to health, is part of popular culture. However the term "natural" assigned to many products cannot assure no health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) by micronucleus test and comet assay. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were divided into three equal groups: 1) experimental group, submitted to Gojji berry (200mg/kg orally); 2) positive control group (cyclophosphamide), and; 3) negative control group (distilled water). Micronucleus Tests were done by smear method of bone marrow cells performed after 48h for acute, and 72h for chronic exposure. The comet assay was performed on peripheral blood taken from the tail of each animal 4h, and 24h after intervention. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing the DNA damage measuring the percentage of DNA in the tail (% DNA- measurement of the proportion of the total DNA present in the tail) and the tail moment (TM-tail length times the percentage of DNA in the tail), calculated by 100 nucleoids per animal and the presence of micronuclei in 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes per animal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test at 5% significance was used comparing the results. The data showed no significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage and the number of micronuclei between the experimental group and the negative control group. The results also suggest that the aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no genotoxic effect, which could, to a certain point, justifies its use.
Evaluation of In-vitro neuroprotective effect of Ethanolic extract of Canariu...AI Publications
The ethanolic extract of canarium solomonense leaves (ecsl) was studied for its neuroprotective activity. The neuroprotective activity of ECSL was found to have a significant impact on neuronal cell death triggered by hydrogen peroxide (MTT assay) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, is frequently used to induce cognitive impairment in laboratory animals. Injections of scopolamine influence multiple cognitive functions, including motor function, short-term memory, and attention. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was evaluated. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, ECSL was found to have a substantial effect on the memory of scopolamine- induced amnesic rats. Our experimental data indicated that ECSL can reverse scopolamine induced amnesia and assist with memory issues.
Differential antimicrobial activity of the various crude leaves extracts of S...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Concern about the rising prevalence of antibiotics resistant strains pathogenic micro-organisms has been expressed in the last three decades. However, intensive studies on extracts and biologically active compounds isolated from medicinal plants have also doubled in the last decade. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Sesame radiatum leaves were studied for in-vitro antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion method. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) phytochemical screening showed the presence of essential oils mainly the phenolic and carboxylic acids groups. The ethanolic extract mildly inhibited the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Candida albicans, while there was no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aurogenosa and Escherichia coli. However, aqueous extract exhibited no inhibitory effect on all the five tested micro-organisms
Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Methanolic Extract of S. Caryophyllatum (L.) A...iosrjce
S.caryophyllatum (L.) Alston belongs to the family Myrtaceae is an endangered species. It possesses
traditional as well as pharmacological properties. The objective of the present investigation was to find out the
antibacterial activity of S. caryophyllatum leaf methanolic extract against some human pathogenic bacteria. It
was followed by Disc Diffusion method using gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains such as
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Sarcina lutea, Esherichia coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella Spp., Salmonella typhi and Proteus mirabilis. The result showed that the
inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis (24mm) was high when compared to E. coli (21mm) and Bacillus cereus
(20mm).This effect on the bacterial strains may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites present in the
leaf methanolic extract of Syzygium caryophyllatum.
Antifungal Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Xanthium strumariumDheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: Antifungal activities and phytochemical screening of Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae) was carried out in laboratory. Distilled water and methanol extracts of the leaves of plant was prepared. Five phytopathogenic fungi: Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotium rolfsii were tested at different concentrations (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml) of selected plant extracts. The phytochemical screening depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The antifungal activity of extracts was determined by poisoned food technique; and linear mycelium growth reduction (LMGR) percentage was calculated. The distilled water extracts inhibited the growth of fungal mycelium while methanolic extracts completely inhibited (100%) the growth of some selected fungi at higher concentrations. Fusarium oxysporum was the most susceptible fungus while A. brassicae and B. cinerea were the most resistant fungi.
Key words: Antifungal activities, phytochemical screening, Xanthium strumarium, Linear Mycelium Growth Reduction (LMGR)
The results of the study show a promising role of Acacia Honey, a natural product with proven therapeutic effects on skin wound healing. It accelerated the initial stage of corneal wound healing without the side effects found when using conventional treatments which contain preservatives. Corneal keratocytes cultured in media supplemented with 0.025% Acacia Honey showed an increase in proliferative capacity while retaining their morphology, gene and protein expressions with normal cell cycle.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of Crude Extracts of Cochlospermum...iosrjce
The antibacterial activities of the methanolic, hot water, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of
Choclospermum planchonii leaf were tested against some clinical bacterial isolates and reference organisms.
The phytochemical screenings of the extracts were also carried out. The leaf extracts of the plant exhibited
antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus
aureus, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhii and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 28923),
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853. The methanolic leaf extracts
exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 0.31
and 1.25 mg/ml; and its zones of inhibition on the various test microorganisms ranging between 8mm and 13
mm. The petroleum ether extracts had the weakest antibacterial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) ranging between 2.50mg/ml and 5.00mg/ml and its inhibition zone ranging between 4mm and 8mm. The
phytochemical constituents present in the plant were alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and
sterols. The methanolic extracts of the leaf exhibited potentially biological activity than other extracts. This
indicates that the plant leaf could be useful in the treatment of human infections caused by these pathogens. The
antibacterial activities of the methanolic leaf extract may be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds.
Wound Healing activity of Leaves & roots of Pavetta Indica Linn of by using d...BRNSS Publication Hub
Pavetta indica, which is known as kankara in Hindi, is widely distributed in the greater part of India. P. indica is a traditional medicinal plant having for various diseases. Objective: The aim of the present study to evaluate the wound healing activity on different extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol) of leaves and roots of P. indica Linn. in albino rats using excision and incision wound models. Materials and Methods: The excision and incision wounds were inflicted on eight groups, each group having six albino rates and divided one group for control, six groups for test, and one group for standard treated with povidone iodine ointment. The parameter in excision observed was wound contraction and incision model was tensile strength. Result: It was noted that the effect produced by the methanolic extract of P. indica ointment showed a significant healing in both wound models. The studies indicate that the root extracts of plant have more potent healing as compared to leaf extracts. Conclusion: The results further suggest that P. indica facilitates healing by increasing the rate and extent of wound closure and increased tensile strength in wounds subject to healing.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Synergism effect between inoculum size and aggregate size on flavonoid produc...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different culture conditions on biomass content and flavonoid production of the elite C. asiatica accession UPM03. When 0.1 g inoculum 25 mL-1 of cell was grown in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg 2,4-D l-1 and 1 mg kinetin l-1, flavonoids were not significantly produced in cells or released into the culture medium. Production of flavonoid was correlated with the aggregation size and inoculum density. At aggregate size of 250-500 μm with 0.3 g inoculum density 25 mL-1, it gave the highest luteolin content with 35.45 μg g-1 DW. After investigating the effect of culture conditions, i.e. pH, inoculum density, light irradiation and plant growth regulator, we found that with the optimized condition (i.e. 250-500 μm aggregate size, 0.5 g wet cell 25 mL-1 supplemented with 3 mg L-1 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 kinetin at pH 5.7 under 16h photoperiod) the luteolin content was 11-fold higher than the cell suspension cultured at an inoculum size of 0.3 g wet cell 25 mL-1 with 250-500 μm aggregate size. Index Terms: Centella asiatica, flavonoid, light irradiation, pH regime, plant growth regulators .
Analgesic Effect of Lidocaine in Orofacial Pain Of RatsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In dental treatment, lidocaine is currently used as local anesthetic, but studies on the control of orofacial pain are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pre-treatment with lidocaine would involved in pain modulation in inflammatory orofacial pain.Male Sprague-Dawley white rats (240-280g) were used. The experimental group were divided into 3 groups(n=5); formalin (5 %, 50 μL), Administer 0.2%, 2% lidocaine, after administration, formalin (s.c). To induced orofacial pain, 5% formalin (50 μL) was injected under the skin on the right region of the whiskers of the experimental animals (n=5), and the act of rubbing or scratching the facial area in which the drug was injected was considered pain index. The administration of lidocaine at 2% concentration was found that the formalin-induced pain behavioral reaction was effectively reduced. The level of Nrf2 protein expression increased by formalin noticeably decreased in the medulla oblongata after lidocaine administration. Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress-mediated transcription factor. Both ginsengs significantly down-regulated the increased Nrf2 level in formalin group. These results indicate that lidocaine could be a promising regulated in the treatment of inflammatory orofacial pain
The Benefits of Calendula Officinalis on Protecting the Skin from the Harmful...My Girls Skin Care
Radiation therapy kills tumor cells, yet has acute side effects that may include: dermatitis, diarrhea, dry mouth, fatigue, hair loss, immune suppression, incontinence, mucositis, nausea, shortness of breath and sexual problems. This slide presentation summarizes clinical and non-clinical studies on Calendula studied in laboratories around the world, and its' benefits on protecting the skin from the harmful effects of radiation therapy.
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) belongs to family Salonaceae which is found in China and Himalayan. This herb is used to prevent various diseases and in medical treatments as an alternative medicine being widely used for its antioxidant and revitalizing potential effects. In recent years, Gojji has become increasingly popular in Europe and North America as a "superfruit" and dietary supplement. The belief that herbal products do not bring any risk to health, is part of popular culture. However the term "natural" assigned to many products cannot assure no health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) by micronucleus test and comet assay. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were divided into three equal groups: 1) experimental group, submitted to Gojji berry (200mg/kg orally); 2) positive control group (cyclophosphamide), and; 3) negative control group (distilled water). Micronucleus Tests were done by smear method of bone marrow cells performed after 48h for acute, and 72h for chronic exposure. The comet assay was performed on peripheral blood taken from the tail of each animal 4h, and 24h after intervention. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing the DNA damage measuring the percentage of DNA in the tail (% DNA- measurement of the proportion of the total DNA present in the tail) and the tail moment (TM-tail length times the percentage of DNA in the tail), calculated by 100 nucleoids per animal and the presence of micronuclei in 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes per animal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test at 5% significance was used comparing the results. The data showed no significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage and the number of micronuclei between the experimental group and the negative control group. The results also suggest that the aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no genotoxic effect, which could, to a certain point, justifies its use.
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) belongs to family Salonaceae which is found in China and Himalayan. This herb is used to prevent various diseases and in medical treatments as an alternative medicine being widely used for its antioxidant and revitalizing potential effects. In recent years, Gojji has become increasingly popular in Europe and North America as a "superfruit" and dietary supplement. The belief that herbal products do not bring any risk to health, is part of popular culture. However the term "natural" assigned to many products cannot assure no health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) by micronucleus test and comet assay. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were divided into three equal groups: 1) experimental group, submitted to Gojji berry (200mg/kg orally); 2) positive control group (cyclophosphamide), and; 3) negative control group (distilled water). Micronucleus Tests were done by smear method of bone marrow cells performed after 48h for acute, and 72h for chronic exposure. The comet assay was performed on peripheral blood taken from the tail of each animal 4h, and 24h after intervention. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing the DNA damage measuring the percentage of DNA in the tail (% DNA- measurement of the proportion of the total DNA present in the tail) and the tail moment (TM-tail length times the percentage of DNA in the tail), calculated by 100 nucleoids per animal and the presence of micronuclei in 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes per animal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test at 5% significance was used comparing the results. The data showed no significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage and the number of micronuclei between the experimental group and the negative control group. The results also suggest that the aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no genotoxic effect, which could, to a certain point, justifies its use.
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) belongs to family Salonaceae which is found in China and Himalayan. This herb is used to prevent various diseases and in medical treatments as an alternative medicine being widely used for its antioxidant and revitalizing potential effects. In recent years, Gojji has become increasingly popular in Europe and North America as a "superfruit" and dietary supplement. The belief that herbal products do not bring any risk to health, is part of popular culture. However the term "natural" assigned to many products cannot assure no health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) by micronucleus test and comet assay. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were divided into three equal groups: 1) experimental group, submitted to Gojji berry (200mg/kg orally); 2) positive control group (cyclophosphamide), and; 3) negative control group (distilled water). Micronucleus Tests were done by smear method of bone marrow cells performed after 48h for acute, and 72h for chronic exposure. The comet assay was performed on peripheral blood taken from the tail of each animal 4h, and 24h after intervention. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing the DNA damage measuring the percentage of DNA in the tail (% DNA- measurement of the proportion of the total DNA present in the tail) and the tail moment (TM-tail length times the percentage of DNA in the tail), calculated by 100 nucleoids per animal and the presence of micronuclei in 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes per animal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test at 5% significance was used comparing the results. The data showed no significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage and the number of micronuclei between the experimental group and the negative control group. The results also suggest that the aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no genotoxic effect, which could, to a certain point, justifies its use.
Evaluation of In-vitro neuroprotective effect of Ethanolic extract of Canariu...AI Publications
The ethanolic extract of canarium solomonense leaves (ecsl) was studied for its neuroprotective activity. The neuroprotective activity of ECSL was found to have a significant impact on neuronal cell death triggered by hydrogen peroxide (MTT assay) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, is frequently used to induce cognitive impairment in laboratory animals. Injections of scopolamine influence multiple cognitive functions, including motor function, short-term memory, and attention. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was evaluated. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, ECSL was found to have a substantial effect on the memory of scopolamine- induced amnesic rats. Our experimental data indicated that ECSL can reverse scopolamine induced amnesia and assist with memory issues.
In this study, we have developed the
transdermal patch with chitosan-gelatin composite (C-GC) film
embedded with silver nanoparticles to enhance the flexibility and to increase the strength of cross links, respectively
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF AQUEOUS AND PETROLEUM ETHER LEAF EXTRACTS OF JATRO...IJSIT Editor
The experiment was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial property of aqueous and Petroleum
ether leaf extracts of Jatrophacurcas against some gram positive micro-organisms: Staphylococcus aureus,
Bacillus subtilis and some gram negative micro-organisms: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi using
antibiotics; Gentamycin as control. The phytochemical screening of aqueous and petroleum ether extracts
showed the presences of cardiac glycosides, steroids and terpenes, tannins, phlobatannins, anthraguinones
and saponins. The disc diffusion techniques was used to test the sensitivity of the micro-organism to the
extracts of Jatrophacurcas the results obtained show mean zones of inhibition between (19 + 0.6mm) to (30 +
0.3mm) for aqueous extract and (24 + 0.5mm) to (35 + 0.8mm) for petroleum ether extract. Micro-organisms
showed sensitivity in the following order: E.coli;(17 + 0.3mm) and (25 + 0.8mm), S.aureus; (26 + 0.2mm) and
(28 + 0.6mm), B.subtilis; (16 + 0.1mm) and (20 + 0.7mm), and S.typhi (25 + 0.2mm) and (27 + 0.6mm) for
aqueous and petroleum ether extracts respectively. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for both
extracts show that the extracts inhibited the growth of the entire test organism at concentration 0.6mg/ml.
This result thus suggests the potency of Jatrophacurcas as an antimicrobial agent especially at the
concentration employed.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the anti-bacterial, bioactive compounds and anti-oxidant property of fibrous brown marine algae Sargassum wightii. Antimicrobial finish has been imparted to the cotton fabric using extracts of seaweed by microencapsulation using pad-dry-cure method. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated, how this Sargassum wightti acts as antioxidant, and antibacterial properties and it also shows good antiviral and anti-carcinogenic activities. Bioactive compounds are inhibited the growth of microorganisms present in human body. Bioactive compounds were confirmed by means of the spectrum in the GC-MS spectroscopy. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using the DPPH method. The total phenolic content was determined with the folin-ciocalteu method. The methanol fraction of treated fabric had the highest antioxidant activity (42.5+1.21%), because of the phenolic content trap the reactive oxygen species and develops the cells present in the skin. Parallel streak method was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of seaweed treated fabric. The results showed that higher inhibition zone of 40 mm. The treated fabrics are most widely used in a wide range of health care, pharmaceutical and hygienic textiles.
Comparative macroscopic study between Oil extracted Annona seed AlGaInP Laser...inventionjournals
Recent studies suggest the effectiveness of AlGaInP Laser, Therapeutic Ultrasound (UST) and the oil extracted Annona seed as therapeutic resources in the treatment of cutaneous wound healing. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the macroscopic process of healing of skin wounds in mice. The sample consisted of 32 male mice (Mus musculus) divided into four groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (pulsed UST 3 MHz), group 3 (topical application of oil extracted Annona seed) and group 4 (660nm laser AlGaInP). The animals were anesthetized and then shaved. The surgical incision was made with a punch of 8 mm diameter perpendicular to the back of the animal. The treatments were started 24 hours after injury. Each group was divided into subgroup A (n = 4, five applications) and B (n = 4 eleven applications) as observation period, with euthanasia at 7 and 14 days, respectively. Statistical analysis was obtained through non-parametric Mann Whitney and significance at p <0.05, by GraphPad Prism v program. 5.0. It was concluded that all treatment groups were effective in regression of cutaneous wound 14 days of the healing process when compared to the control group
Comparative macroscopic study between Oil extracted Annona seed AlGaInP Laser...inventionjournals
: Recent studies suggest the effectiveness of AlGaInP Laser, Therapeutic Ultrasound (UST) and the oil extracted Annona seed as therapeutic resources in the treatment of cutaneous wound healing. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the macroscopic process of healing of skin wounds in mice. The sample consisted of 32 male mice (Mus musculus) divided into four groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (pulsed UST 3 MHz), group 3 (topical application of oil extracted Annona seed) and group 4 (660nm laser AlGaInP). The animals were anesthetized and then shaved. The surgical incision was made with a punch of 8 mm diameter perpendicular to the back of the animal. The treatments were started 24 hours after injury. Each group was divided into subgroup A (n = 4, five applications) and B (n = 4 eleven applications) as observation period, with euthanasia at 7 and 14 days, respectively. Statistical analysis was obtained through non-parametric Mann Whitney and significance at p <0.05, by GraphPad Prism v program. 5.0. It was concluded that all treatment groups were effective in regression of cutaneous wound 14 days of the healing process when compared to the control group.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Crude Extracts o...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Concern about the rising prevalence of antibiotics-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has been expressed in the last three decades. However, intensive studies on extracts and biologically-active compounds isolated from medicinal plants have also doubled in the last decade. As a result of paucity of knowledge and folkloric claim on the leaves effectiveness in infectious disease treatments, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and lignans present in the crude Sesame radiatum leaves extracts. Ethanolic, Methanolic and Aqueous extracts of Sesame radiatum leaves were studied for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative micro-organisms and Yeast using Agar diffusion method. The GC-MS phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed the presence of carboxylic acids and phenolic groups in essential oils especially some of the most potent antioxidants like Sesamol, Sesamolin and Sesamin. Both the methanolic and ethanolic extracts have broad spectrum antimicrobial effect against all the tested micro-organisms except Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus respectively, while the aqueous extract exhibited no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae except on Candida albicans. The result confirmed the folkloric claims of the antimicrobial effectiveness of locally consumed Sesame leaves extracts especially against bacterial and common skin infection in many areas of the Country (Nigeria).
Membrane Stabilizing And Antimicrobial Activities Of Caladium Bicolor And Che...IOSR Journals
The crude methanol extracts of whole plant of Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent. and leaf of Chenopodium album L. as well as their pet-ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions were evaluated for membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activities. At concentration 1.0 mg/ml, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of C. bicolor inhibited 43.92±1.63% and 38.08±0.83 % hypotonic solution and heat induced haemolysis of RBCs, respectively. Among the extractives of C. album, the aqueous soluble fraction inhibited 47.11±0.49 % and 36.73±0.76 % hypotonic solution and heat induced haemolysis of RBCs as compared to 72.79 % and 42.12 % by acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/ml), respectively. C. bicolor test samples demonstrated zone of inhibition ranging from 6.0 to 20.0 mm. The chloroform soluble fraction showed the highest zone of inhibition (20.0 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus. The test samples of C. album displayed zone of inhibition ranging from 7.0 to 13.0 mm. The highest zone of inhibition (13.0 mm) was showed by the chloroform soluble fraction against Salmonella paratyphi
Background/Purpose: The reduction solution was aqueous extracted from Acanthus ilicifolius for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. as green approach. It is less harmful and more economical as compared to physical and chemical methods.
Methods: Ratio of 1: 10 mixtures of 100 mg/ mL of aqueous extract and 5 mM of silver nitrate were incubated for 24 hours at 40°C with 150 rpm in incubator shaker. The formation of silver nanoparticles were monitored by colour changes and were characterized by UV-Vis spectrometry followed by zeta (potential) sizer analyses.
Phytochemical Screening and In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Mangifera indi...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Similar to The combined effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on wound healing in rats (20)
Evaluation of the effect of crocetin on antitumor activity of doxorubicin enc...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s): The current study reports investigation of codelivery by PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with crocetin (Cro), a natural carotenoid dicarboxylicHYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acid” acid that is found in the crocus flower, and Doxorubicin (DOX).
Materials and Methods: Double emulsion/solvent evaporation method was used for preparation of PLGA nanoparticles containing Dox and Cro. Characterizations of prepared NPs were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering analysis. In vitro Cytotoxicity of DOX and Cro loaded PLGA NPs (PLGA-DOX-Cro) on MCF-7 cell line was evaluated using MTT test. Flow cytometry experiments were implemented to distinguish cells undergoing apoptosis from those undergoing necrosis. Furthermore the expression of caspase 3 was examined by western blot analysis.
Results: The prepared formulations had size of 150- 300 nm. Furthermore, PLGA-DOX-Cro nanoparticles inhibited MCF-7 tumor cells growth more efficiently than either DOX or Cro alone at the same concentrations, as quantified by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Studies on cellular uptake of DOX-Cro-NPs demonstrated that NPs were effectively taken up by MCF-7 tumor cells.
Conclusion: This study suggested that DOX-Cro-NPs may have promising applications in breast cancer therapy.
Effects of combination of magnesium and zinc oxide nanoparticles and heat on ...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of combination of MgO and ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of heat against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Materials and Methods:Bacteria were grown on either agar or broth media followed by the addition of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles. Then the combined effect of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles was investigated. Furthermore, the media containing nanoparticles were treated with mild heat and their synergistic antibacterial activity was investigated against E. coli and S. aureus in milk.
Results: The data showed that the nanoparticles used in this study had no effect on the bacteria in the agar medium. However, the results showed that ZnO and MgO nanoparticles resulted in a significant decrease in the number of E. coli (P<0.000) and S. aureus (Pd”0.05) in the broth medium. The combination of nanoparticles and mild heat exhibited a significant decrease in the number of E. coli and S. aureus indicating the synergistic effects of nanoparticles and heat.
Conclusion: Using a combination of mild heat, ZnO and MgO nanoparticles, E. coli and S. aureus can be controlled successfully in the milk. Mild heating plus ZnO and MgO nanoparticles has a synergistic effect which would reduce the need for high temperature and also the concentrations of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles required for pathogen control in minimally processed milk during maintaining.
Preparation and evaluation of electrospun nanofibers containing pectin and ti...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s):The aim of this study was to prepare electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib using combination of time-dependent polymers with pectin to achieve a colon-specific drug delivery system for celecoxib.
Materials and Methods:Formulations were produced based on two multilevel 22 full factorial designs. The independent variables were the ratio of drug:time-dependent polymer (X1) and the amount of pectin in formulations (X2). Electrospinning process was used for preparation of nanofibers. The spinning solutions were loaded in 5 mL syringes. The feeding rate was fixed by a syringe pump at 2.0 mL/h and a high voltage supply at range 10-18 kV was applied for electrospinning. Electrospun nanofibers were collected and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and drug release in the acid and buffer with pH 6.8 with and without pectinase.
Results:Electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib with appropriate morphological properties were produced via electrospinning process. Drug release from electrospun nanofibers was very low in the acidic media; while, drug release in the simulated colonic media was the highest from formulations containing pectin.
Conclusion: Formulation F2 (containing drug:ERS with the ratio of 1:2 and 10% pectin) exhibited acceptable morphological characteristics and protection of drug in the upper GI tract and could be a good candidate as a colonic drug delivery system for celecoxib.
Simultaneous loading of 5-florouracil and SPIONs in HSA nanoparticles: Optimi...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s): Over the past two decades, considerable interest has been focused on utilizing biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications. In this study, production of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles using desolvation technique that were simultaneous loaded with high amounts of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and 5-flourouracil (5-FU) was investigated.
Materials and Methods: 5-FU loading (%) and SPIONs entrapment efficiency (%) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The design expert software used to analyse the interactive effects of pH, 5-FU and SPIONs concentrations.
Results:The optimum conditions found to be pH of 8.2, drug concentration of 1.5 mg/ml and SPIONs concentration of 2.79 mg/ml. Under the mentioned optimum conditions, particles with the size of 111.8 nm, zeta potential of -37.1 mV, 5-FU loading of 15.8% and SPIONs entrapment efficiency of 41.1% were obtained. In vitro cumulative release of 5-FU from the nanoparticles was evaluated in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4, 37 °C). Results indicated that 85% of the 5-FU released during 95 h, which revealed a sustained release profile. In addition, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analyses confirmed the superparamagnetic properties of magnetic albumin nanoparticles manufactured under the optimum conditions.
Conclusion: According to the findings,SPIONs and 5-FU loaded HAS nanoparticles arepromising for use as novel targeted delivery system due to proper magnetic and drug release behaviours.
Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effect of silver nanoparticle synthesized by C...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s): For the development of reliable, ecofriendly, less expensive process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and to evaluate the bactericidal, and cytotoxicity properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized from root extract of Croton bonplandianum, Baill.
Materials and Methods: The synthesis of silver nanoparticles by plant part of Croton bonplandianum was carried out. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), XRD and UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. The biochemical properties were assayed by antibacterial study, cytotoxicity assay using cancer cell line.
Results: The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis which showed absorbance peak at 425 nm. X-ray diffraction photograph indicated the face centered cubic structure of the synthesized AgNPs. TEM has displayed the different dimensional images of biogenic silver nanoparticles with particle size distribution ranging from 15-40 nm with an average size of 32 nm. Silver particles are spherical in shape, clustered. The EDX analysis was used to identify the elemental composition of synthesized AgNPs. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs against three Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa carried out showed significant zones of inhibition. The cytotoxicity study by AgNPS also showed cytotoxicity on ovarian cancer cell line PA-1 and lung epithelial cancer cell line A549.
Conclusion: The present study confirms that the AgNPs have great promise as antibacterial, and anticancer agent.
Investigation of the effect of different parameters on the phase inversion te...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s): Nanoemulsions are a kind of emulsions that can be transparent, translucent (size range 50-200 nm) or “milky” (up to 500 nm). Nanoemulsions are adequatly effective for transfer of active component through skin which facilitate the entrance of the active component . The transparent nature of the system and lack of the thickener and fluidity are among advantages of nanoemulsion.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a nanoemulsion of lemon oil in water was prepared by the phase inversion temperature (PIT) emulsification method in which the tween 40 was used as surfactant. The effect of concentration of NaCl in aqueous phase, pH and weight percent of surfactant and aqueous on the PIT and droplet size were investigated. Results: The results showed that with increasing of concentration of NaCl from 0.05 M to 1 M, PIT decrease from 72 to 50. The average droplet sizes, for 0.1, 0.5 and 1 M of NaCl in 25 ºC are 497.3, 308.1 and 189.9 nm, respectively and the polydispersity indexes are 0.348, 0.334 and 0.307, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering the characteristics of nanoemulsions such as being transparent, endurance of solution and droplet size can provide suitable reaction environment for polymerization process used in making hygienic and medical materials.
Mechanism of oxidative stress involved in the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles a...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
ZnO NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) has generated significant scientific interest as a novel antibacterial and anticancer agent. Since oxidative stress is a critical determinant of ZnO NPs-induced damage, it is necessary to characterize their underlying mode of action. Different structural and physicochemical properties of ZnO NPs such as particle surface, size, shape, crystal structure, chemical position, and presence of metals can lead to changes in biological activities including ROS (reactive oxygen species) production. However, there are some inconsistencies in the literature on the relation between the physicochemical features of ZnO NPs and their plausible oxidative stress mechanism. Herein, the possible oxidative stress mechanism of ZnO NPs was reviewed. This is worthy of further detailed evaluations in order to improve our understanding of vital NPs characteristics governing their toxicity. Therefore, this study focuses on the different reported oxidative stress paradigms induced by ZnO NPs including ROS generated by NPs, oxidative stress due to the NPs-cell interaction, and role of the particle dissolution in the oxidative damage. Also, this study tries to characterize and understand the multiple pathways involved in oxidative stress induced by ZnO NPs. Knowledge about different cellular signaling cascades stimulated by ZnO NPs lead to the better interpretation of the toxic influences induced by the cellular and acellular parameters. Regarding the potential benefits of toxic effects of ZnO NPs, in-depth evaluation of their toxicity mechanism and various effects of these nanoparticles would facilitate their implementation for biomedical applications.
Combined effects of PEGylation and particle size on uptake of PLGA particles ...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective:
At the present study, relationship between phagocytosis of PLGA particles and combined effects of particle size and surface PEGylation was investigated.
Materials and Methods:
Microspheres and nanospheres (3500 nm and 700 nm) were prepared from three types of PLGA polymers (non-PEGylated and PEGylation percents of 9% and 15%). These particles were prepared by solvent evaporation method. All particles were labeled with FITC-Albumin. Interaction of particles with J744.A.1 mouse macrophage cells, was evaluated in the absence or presence of 7% of the serum by flowcytometry method.
Results:
The study revealed more phagocytosis of nanospheres. In the presence of the serum, PEGylated particles were phagocytosed less than non-PEGylated particles. For nanospheres, this difference was significant (P<0/05) and their uptake was affected by PEGylation degree. In the case of microsphere formulation, PEGylation did not affect the cell uptake. In the serum-free medium, the bigger particles had more cell uptake rate than smaller ones but the cell uptake rate was not influenced by PEGylation.
Conclusion:
The results indicated that in nanosized particles both size and PEgylation degree could affect the phagocytosis, but in micron sized particles just size, and not the PEGylation degree, could affect this.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its synergistic effects in combination ...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objectives:
Biofilms are communities of bacteria attached to surfaces through an external polymeric substances matrix. In the meantime, Acinetobacterbaumannii is the predominant species related to nosocomial infections. In the present study, the effect of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with biocides and imipenem against planktonic and biofilms of A. baumannii was assessed.
Materials and Methods:
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 75 planktonic isolates of A. baumannii were determined by using the microdilution method as described via clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). Among all strains, 10 isolates which formed strong biofilms were selected and exposed to silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with imipenem, bismuth ethandithiol (BisEDT) and bismuth propanedithiol (BisPDT) to determine minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBIC). Subsequently, minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with imipenem against mature biofilm of the isolates were evaluated.
Results:
Results showed that 29.3% of isolates were susceptible to silver nanoparticles and could inhibit the growth and eradicate biofilms produced by the isolates. For this reason, ∑FIC, ∑FBIC and ∑FBEC ≤ 0.05 were reported which shows synergism between silver nanoparticles and imipenem against not only planktonic cells but also inhibition and eradication of biofilms. The results of ∑FBIC >2 indicated to antagonistic impacts between silver nanoparticles and BisEDT/BisPDT against biofilms.
Conclusion:
It can be concluded that silver nanoparticles alone can inhibit biofilm formation but in combination with imipenem are more effective against A. baumannii in planktonic and biofilm forms.
Abstract
Objective(s):
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNP) are increasingly used in sunscreens, biosensors, food additives and pigments. In this study the effects of ZNP on liver of rats was investigated.
Materials and Methods:
Experimental groups received 5, 50 and 300 mg/kg ZNP respectively for 14 days. Control group received only distilled water. ALT, AST and ALP were considered as biomarkers to indicate hepatotoxicity. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), SOD and GPx were detected for assessment of oxidative stress in liver tissue. Histological studies and TUNEL assay were also done.
Results:
Plasma concentration of zinc (Zn) was significantly increased in 5 mg/kg ZNP-treated rats. Liver concentration of Zn was significantly increased in the 300 mg/kg ZNP-treated animals. Weight of liver was markedly increased in both 5 and 300 mg/kg doses of ZNP. ZNP at the doses of 5 mg/kg induced a significant increase in oxidative stress through the increase in MDA content and a significant decrease in SOD and GPx enzymes activity in the liver tissue. Administration of ZNP at 5 mg/kg induced a significant elevation in plasma AST, ALT and ALP. Histological studies showed that treatment with 5 mg/kg of ZNP caused hepatocytes swelling, which was accompanied by congestion of RBC and accumulation of inflammatory cells. Apoptotic index was also significantly increased in this group. ZNP at the dose of 300 mg/kg had poor hepatotoxicity effect.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that lower doses of ZNP has more hepatotoxic effects on rats, and recommended to use it with caution if there is a hepatological problem.
Synthesis of graphene oxide-TiO2 nanocomposite as an adsorbent for the enrich...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
In our study, graphene oxide-TiO2 nanocomposite (GO/TiO2) was prepared and used for the enrichment of rutin from real samples for the first time.
Materials and Methods:
The synthesized GO/TiO2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and FT-IR spectra. The enrichment process is fast and highly efficient. The factors including contact time, pH, and amount of GO/TiO2 affecting the adsorption process were studied.
Results:
The maximum adsorption capacity for ciprofloxacin was calculated to be 59.5 mg/g according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The method yielded a linear calibration curve in the concentration ranges from 15 to 200 μg/L for the rutin with regression coefficients (r2) of 0.9990. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) and limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N=10) were found to be 8 μg/Land 28 μg/L, respectively. Both the intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSDs) were < 10% .
Conclusion:
The developed approach offered wide linear range, and good reproducibility. Owing to the diverse structures and unique characteristic, GO/TiO2 possesses great potential in the enrichment and analysis of trace rutin in real aqueous samples.
Preparation and evaluation of vitamin A nanosuspension as a novel ocular drug...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
The aim of this study was to prepare a nanosuspension formulation as a new vehicle for the improvement of the ocular delivery of vitamin A.
Material and Methods:
Formulations were designed based on full factorial design. A high pressure homogenization technique was used to produce nanosuspensions. Fifteen formulations were prepared by the use of different combinations of surfactants Tween 80, benzalkonium chloride and Pluronic and evaluated for pH, particle size, entrapment efficiency, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), stability and drug release. Also, Draize test was used to evaluate the irritation of rabbit eye by formulations.
Results:
All formulations showed a small mean size that is well suited for ocular application. Also it was observed that the particle size decreased with increase in the amount of surfactant. Drug entrapment increased with increasing amount of surfactant. It was shown that initial and final drug release can be controlled by the ratio and the total amount of surfactants, respectively.
Conclusion:
It was concluded that the use of Tween 80 and Pluronic in the formualtions with a proper ratio does not show eye irritation and could be useful to achieve a suitable nanosuspension of vitamin A as a novel ocular delivery system.
A comparative study about toxicity of CdSe quantum dots on reproductive syste...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Medicinal benefits of quantum dots have been proved in recent years but there is little known about their toxicity especially in vivo toxicity. In order to use quantum dots in medical applications, studies ontheir in vivo toxicity is important.
Materials and Methods:
CdSe:ZnS quantum dots were injected in 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses to male mice10 days later, mice were sacrificed and five micron slides were prepared structural and optical properties of quantum dots were evaluated using XRD.
Results:
Histological studies of testis tissue showed high toxic effect of CdSe:ZnS in 40 mg/kg group. Histological studies of epididymis did not show any effect of quantum dots in terms of morphology and tube structure. Mean concentration of LH and testosterone and testis weight showed considerable changes in mice injected with 40 mg/kg dose of CdSe:ZnS compared to control group. However, FSH and body weight did not show any difference with control group.
Conclusion:
Although it has been reported that CdSe is highly protected from the environment by its shell, but this study showed high toxicity for CdSe:ZnS when it is used in vivo which could be suggested that shell could contribute to increased toxicity of quantum dots. Considering lack of any previous study on this subject, our study could potentially be used as an basis for further extensive studies investigating the effects of quantum dots toxicity on development of male sexual system.
Functionalization of carbon nanotubes and its application in nanomedicine: A ...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
This review focuses on the latest developments in applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in medicine. A brief history of CNTs and a general introduction to the field are presented.
Then, surface modification of CNTs that makes them ideal for use in medical applications is highlighted. Examples of common applications, including cell penetration, drug delivery, gene delivery and imaging, are given. At the same time, there are concerns about their possible adverse effects on human health, since there is evidence that exposure to CNTs induces toxic effects in experimental models. However, CNTs are not a single substance but a growing family of different materials possibly eliciting different biological responses. As a consequence, the hazards associated with the exposure of humans to the different forms of CNTs may be different. Understanding the structure–toxicity relationships would help towards the assessment of the risk related to these materials. Finally, toxicity of CNTs, are discussed. This review article overviews the most recent applications of CNTs in Nanomedicine, covering the period from 1991 to early 2015.
The role of surface charge of ISCOMATRIX nanoparticles on the type of immune ...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
ISCOMATRIX vaccines have now been shown to induce strong antigen-specific cellular or humoral immune responses to a broad range of antigens of viral, bacterial, parasite or tumor. In the present study, we investigated the role of ISCOMATRIX charge in induction of a Th1 type of immune response and protection against Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice.
Materials and Methods:
Positively and negatively charged ISCOMATRIX were prepared. BALB/C mice were immunized subcutaneously, three times with 2-week intervals, with different ISCOMATRIX formulations. Soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) were mixed with ISCOMATRIX right before injection. The extent of protection and type of immune response were studied in different groups of mice.
Results:
The group of mice immunized with negatively charged ISCOMATRIX showed smaller footpad swelling upon challenge with L. major and the highest IgG2a production compared with positively charged one. The mice immunized with positively charged ISCOMATRIX showed the lowest splenic parasite burden compared to the other groups. Cytokine assay results indicated that the highest level of IFN- γ and IL-4 secretion was observed in the splenocytes of mice immunized with negatively charged ISCOMATRIX as compared to other groups.
Conclusion:
The results indicated that ISCOMATRIX formulations generate an immune response with mixed Th1/Th2 response that was not protective against challenge against L. major.
Abstract
In the last decade, developments in nanotechnology have provided a new field in medicine called “Nanomedicine”. Nanomedicine has provided new tools for photodynamic therapy. Quantum dots (QDs) are approximately spherical nanoparticles that have attracted broad attention and have been used in nanomedicine applications. QDs have high molar extinction coefficients and photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission spectra, broad absorption, large effective stokes shifts. QDs are more photostable and resistant to metabolic degradation. These photosensitizing properties can be used as photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). PDT has been recommended for its unique characteristic, such as low side effect and more efficiency. Therefore, nanomedicine leads a promising future for targeted therapy in cancer tumor. Furthermore, QDs have recently been applied in PDT, which will be addressed in this review letter. Also this review letter evaluates key aspects of nano-particulate design and engineering, including the advantage of the nanometer scale size range, biological behavior, and safety profile.
Preparation of protein-loaded PLGA-PVP blend nanoparticles by nanoprecipitati...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Despite of wide range applications of polymeric nanoparticles in protein delivery, there are some problems for the field of protein entrapment, initial burst and controlled release profile.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, we investigated the influence of some changes in PLGA nanoparticles formulation to improve the initial and controlled release profile. Selected parameters were: pluronic F127, polysorbate 80 as surfactant, pH of inner aqueous phase, L/G ratio of PLGA polymer, volume of inner aqueous phase and addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone as an excipient. FITC-HSA was used as a model hydrophilic drug. The nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation.
Results:
Initial release of FITC-HSA from PLGA-tween 80 nanoparticles (opt-4, 61%) was faster than control (PLGA-pluronic) after 2.30 h of incubation. Results showed that decrease in pH of inner aqueous phase to pI of protein can decrease IBR but the release profile of protein is the same as control. Release profile with three phases including a) initial burst b) plateau and c) final release phase was observed when we changed volume of inner aqueous phase and L/G ratio in formulation. Co-entrapment of HSA with PVP and pluronic reduced the IBR and controlled release profile in opt-19. Encapsulation efficiency was more than 97% and nanoparticles size and zeta potentials were mono-modal and -18.99 mV, respectively.
Conclusion:
In this research, we optimized a process for preparation of PLGA-PVP-pluronic nanoparticles of diameter less than 300 nm using nanoprecipitation method. This formulation showed a decreased initial burst and long lasting controlled release profile for FITC-HSA as a model drug for proteins.
Abstract
Objective(s):
Abdominal adhesions are one of the most important problems, occurring after intra-abdominal surgery in more than 90% of cases. This condition is the leading cause of bowel obstruction, infertility, and abdominal/pelvic pain. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown to be non-toxic and exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and antioxidant activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intraperitoneal lavage with GNP solutions on the development of postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA).
Materials and Methods:
In the current experimental study, thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of five rats. After a standardized peritoneal injury, GNP solutions in different concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 50 and 100 ng/ml) were locally administered through nebulization; normal saline (NS) was administered to the control group. Two weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and cecum and peritoneal samples were harvested for histopathological assessment. Blood samples were obtained to determine serum concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Results:
The rats treated with GNPs had significantly lower microscopic and macroscopic peritoneal adhesion scores, compared to the control group (P<0.05). Score 5 of macroscopic adhesions was reported in all the rats of the control group, unlike the GNP groups. Furthermore, microscopic adhesions were reported with all rats in the control group, unlike the GNP groups (reported in 0 out of 5 rats in all GNP groups). In addition, serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and VEGF underwent no significant changes.
Conclusion:
Compared to the control group, GNPs decreased the severity of peritoneal adhesions, although they did not alter TNF-α, IL-1β or VEGF serum levels.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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The combined effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on wound healing in rats
1. Nanomed. J., 3(1): 57-64, Winter 2016
57
The combined effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on wound
healing in rats
1,2,3
Y. Yousefpoor; 1,2*
B. Bolouri; 1
M. Bayati; 3
A. Shakeri; 3
Y. Eskandari Torbaghan
1
Department of Nanotechnology, College of Advanced Sciences and Technology in Medicine, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Nanomedine Group, College of Applied Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Khalilabad Health Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
ABSTRACT
Objective(s): This study was aimed at investigating the synergy effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on the
healing rate of the cutting wounds.
Materials and Methods: In order to determine the concentration of silver nanoparticles in Aloe vera gel, the MBC
methods were applied on the most common bacteria infecting wounds, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cutting wounds with Full-thickness skin were dorsally created on rats; then the rats
were divided into 4 groups. The treatments groups included: mixture ofAloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles, Aloe vera
gel alone and silver nanoparticles alone in addition to control groups. The treatment was carried out for 2 weeks and the
size of the wound closures were measured by an image software analysis.
Results:There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in healing rate between the control and mixture group. However,
there were significant differences between the silver nanoparticles and Aloe vera groups using Tukey’s analysis on the
6th
, 8th
and 10th
days.
Conclusion:The Aloe vera gel increased the rate of wound healing whereas the silver nanoparticles had a delay effect;
and when they were mixed, it was similar to the average effect of both Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles.
Keywords: Aloe vera gel, Silver nanoparticle, Wound healing
Nanomed. J., 3(1): 57-64, Winter 2016
DOI: 10.7508/nmj.2016.01.007
*Corresponding Author Email: bolouri.b@iums.ac.ir
Tel: (+98) 915-3336732
Note. This manuscript was submitted on July 19, 2015;
approved on September 25, 2015
Received; 19 July 2015 Accepted; 25 September 2015
INTRODUCTION
Increasing the rate of wound healing in burns and
skin injuries has always been of great interest to medical
professions. Wound healing is a complex process by
which shearing wounds and burn wounds all heal
through the same process [1]. Shear-type wounds, has
little effect on the skin and may lead to epithelial and
connective tissue cells with less interference to the
integrity of the epithelial basement membrane. This is
called a granulation in order to improve the original or
primary. Several factors are causing delays in wound
healing. Insufficient nutritional resources available to
the skin cells, dysfunctional immune system and
presence of an infection which may be the normal flora
or other opportunistic microbes that are in the
environment. The most common infections in the
wounds are caused by Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus species and
Escherichia coli [2]. Different course of antibiotic
resistance, especially in methicillin resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin resistance
Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) and vancomycin
resistant demand a new approach to management of
innovative treatments[3].
Aloe vera leaves contain two products. One is the gel,
in the inner side of the leaf and the other is the bitter
yellow juice on the outside of inner layer before the
external covering. Aloe vera gel is composed of 98.5
percent water and it‘s viscous (gel form) due to the
sugar of glucomannan. This gel has about 200 active
ingredients including minerals, vitamins, proteins,
lipids, amino acids and polysaccharides [4]. These
compounds can be noted like acemannan which
ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
2. Nanomed. J., 3(1): 57-64, Winter 2016
58
Y. Yousefpoor et al.
strengthens the immune system and brady kinase that
has anti-inflammatory properties and magnesium
lactate that reduce itching and the other soothing
and anti-inflammatory such as sialic acid and
antiprostaglandins [5]. The yellow juice contains
anthraquinone glycosides like Aloin, Aloe-emodin,
Barbaloin which are potentially laxative. Effect ofAloe
vera gel for wound healing is to modulate and optimize
the immune system to accelerate wound healing process
[6]. Aloe vera shows a beneficial effect by reducing
the inflammation significantly and providing a more
mature granulation tissue which could accelerate
healing and might produce a sound well-remodeled scar
[7]. It increases the activity of macrophages and
monocytes and stimulation of killer T lymphocytes
which is done through releasing the interleukin 1 and
6, and TNF-α, INF-β, Aloe Vera gel can also block the
production of prostaglandin and thromboxane from
arachidonic acid to reduces inflammation in the wound
[8]. It can also have inhibitory effect against pathogenic
bacteria, causing food poisoning or different diseases
in humans [9]. There are about 200 species of Aloe
vera in the world. Among all, Aloe vera Barbadensis
Miller is the best-known because of being the richest
in useful materials for healing [10]. Nowadays, because
of its antimicrobial activity, the use of silver
nanoparticles (SNPs) has become very widespread[11].
Nano silvers are of various morphologies including
spheres, rods, cubes, triangles, wired and multifaceted
that they all have a size less than 100 nm. Due to their
shape, surface charge, the surface-to-volume
condensation, integrated power and other factors, their
behavior will vary with their surroundings[12]. The
possible mechanism of antimicrobial activity is due to
several effects. SNPs interact with proteins and
enzymes of thiol groups [12], and disrupts processes
such as cell respiration, ion transport across
membranes [13], TheATP production and the ability of
the replication of DNA [14] and block activity of
microorganisms. However, the mechanisms of toxicity
to environment are not very well specified [15]. We
were interested in investigate the effects of Aloe vera
gel and antibacterial properties of SNPs simultaneously
together for wound healing in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of Aloe vera gel by filleting technique
Mature leaves of Aloe vera Barbadnsys Miller were
obtained from a greenhouse of medicinal plants
investigation center of jahad university of Kashmar.
Gel of Aloe vera was purified by filleting technique
[16]. After washing and drying the leaves, two cuts
were created parallel to the longitudinal leaf using a
scalpel at the edges of leaves. Cutting the veins in the
transverse direction leads to a combination of bitter
yellow juice withAloe vera gel that is not of our interest.
The leaf epidermis was removed and gel from the leaf
cavities was shaved by a sterile spoon and then
transferred to a sterile blender and was mixed for 5
minutes. By mixing the cells, they rupture and their
content are released.
Then we wait at least for 15 minutes until the foam
reduced and suspended chopped cell pieces
precipitated. Having used a glass funnel and sterile
gauze with holes which can take carcass of the cells,
the gel was filtered into a sterile flask. Then it was
distributed in volumes of 50 ml in sterile plastic
containers with lid and were kept in a freezer (-20 OC
) for
later use.
Determination of concentration of SNPs in Aloe vera
gel
Silver nanoparticles powder was purchased from
Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials (Houston,
TX, USA). These SNPs had 20 nanometers (nm) in size,
-19 millivolts (mv) in zeta potential, 18-22 gr/m2
in
surface area and hydrophilic surfact by Poly vinil
pirolidone 0.3%. A stock concentration (1000 µg/ml)
was made fromthe silver nanoparticles in sterile distilled
water by 10 minutes sonication for next applications.
To determine the minimal bactericidal concentration
(MBC) of SNPs with the least toxicity effects of them,
it was decided to employ the most common bacteria
causing wound infections: Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853
and Escherichia coliATCC 25922. Half concentration
McFarland of fresh bacteria in 0.09 % sterile saline
which was equivalent 1.6×108
bacteria per ml was made.
Aloe vera gel with consecutive concentrations of SNPs
in sterile tubes was prepared and 10 microliters of
bacterial suspension equal to 1.6×106
bacteria was
added to 1ml of each sterile tubes, approximately 1.5
million bacteria. The lid tubes were shaken and
incubated at 37°C for 24h. The next day, from each
tube, a small amount of contents was transferred to
blood culture medium [17, 18]. With the addition of 10
µl bacterial suspension to 1ml dilution tubes, 1% error
is caused which is corrected in the dilution. Culture
results in prepared dilutions are shown in Table 1.
3. Nanomed. J., 3(1): 57-64, Winter 2016
59
Creating wounds and selection of the treatment
groups of rats
This study was conducted on young male Wistar
rats aged 8 to 10 weeks and weighing 250 to 300 g. Rats
were adapted to room conditions after being
transferred, where they were kept in individual cages
for 24 hours. Special conditions of ventilation,
temperature, lighting, humidity, nutrition and safe
drinking water were considered to all the same until
the possible influence of environmental factors in
wound healing between the groups be equal. After a
day, the rats were adapted to the conditions in the
room for a second day, then the rats were anesthetized
for a time of food deprivation and their hairs between
the animal’s shoulders were shaved dorsally on the
surface. An incision with length of 3 centimeters (cm)
and depth of full-thickness on shaved dorsal surface
between the animal’s shoulders was made so that the
incision are not available to the animals. In this kind of
wound both the epidermis and dermis layers were
damaged. Wound areas were nearly 3.7 cm2
on 0th
day.
The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7
rats in each. The control group was (Aor control) treated
with normal saline, the SNPs group was (B or SNPs)
treated with 20 µg/ml of SNPs in sterile distilled water,
The Aloe vera group (C or Alo) treated with Aloe gel
and the mixture group (D or SNPs-Alo) which was
treated with 20 µg/ml of SNPs inAloe vera gel. During
the process of treatment, standard maintenance for rats
was done under the Animal Experiment Regulations.
The dispersion of SNPs in the gel of Aloe vera
After the plastic containers including 50 ml Aloe
vera gel were taken out of the freezer, it was melted and
1 ml SNPs (1000 µg/ml) was added to it and they were
completely mixed. Thus, the concentration of 20 µg/ml
Table 1. The MBC determination of different dilutions of silver NPS
P.aeroginosaE.coliS. aurreusDensity (µg/ml)
---1000
---500
---100
---50
---40
---30
+++20
+++10
+++5
+++1
---Control+ (10000)
+++Control – (0)
SNPs in gel was prepared. To study the dispersion of
the SNPs in Aloe vera gel, Transmission Electron
Microscope images were taken as shown in Fig 1.
Treatment of wound area
The rats were received treatment by seeping the
lotion on the wound twice daily, once 0.5 ml and then 1
ml. Wounds area measurements were done on even
d a y s i n t e r m s o f s q u a r e c e n t i m e t e r ( c m
2
) with using a
high-quality digital camera and Image Analysis
Software(Digimizer.v4.1.1.0).
By a scale ruler four photos were taken from each
wound and was used to measure average. Information
related to reduction of wound area and their
measurements are shown in Table 2. Also Percentage
of Wound Healing (PWH) was calculated which are
shown in Table 3. PWH was calculated by the following
formula.
Percentage of wound healing (PWH) on Χ day = 100 -
Percentage of wound on Χ day
Percentage of wound on Χ day = (Wound area on Χ
day / Wound area on zero day) × 100
When the wound area was reduced to zero (full wound
closure) and full recovery was achieved, randomly 3
samples of each group from the improved wound skin
were biopsied up for histoloegical examination.
Samples were stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining,
and they were evaluated in terms of factors Table 4.
Statistical analysis
The calculations were performed using IBM SPSS
Statistics 19 software. To determine differences of
reduction of the wounds area between groups and
assessing their improvement,ANOVAand Tukey’s test
with a significance level of p<0.05 were used with
control and two by two.
4. Nanomed. J., 3(1): 57-64, Winter 2016
60
The combined effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on wound healing
Fig. 1. TEM images of SNPs present in gel of Aloe vera
Table 2. Reduction of wounds area on different days
Groups n=7
Woundarea
on day 0
Woundarea
on day 2
Woundarea
on day 4
Woundarea
on day 6
Woundarea
on day 8
Woundarea
on day 10
Woundarea
on day 12
Woundarea
on day 14
Control A 3.729±0.36 2.854± 0.29 1.669± 0.24 0.855±0.12 0.478 ± 0.08 0.201 ± 0.1 0.087± 0.07 0.008
SNPs B 3.779 ± 0.1 2.949± 0.19 1.791± 0.33 1.041±0.18 0.628 ± 0.11 0.278± 0.06 0.075 ± 0.4 0.006
Alo C 3.718±0.17 2.583± 0.12 1.473± 0.23 0.608±0.13 0.295 ± 0.13 0.074± 0.03 0.001± .003 0
SNPs-Alo D 3.691±0.29 2.584± 0.31 1.493± 0.26 0.848±0.26 0.366 ± 0.16 0.169± 0.06 0.057± 0.05 0.003
Table 3. Percentage of wound healing (PWH) on different days
Groups n=7
PWH on
day 0
PWH on
day2
PWH on
day4
PWH on
day6
PWH on
day8
PWH on
day10
PWH on
day12
PWH on
day14
Control A 0 22.6 ± 0.29 54.9 ± 0.28 76.9 ± 0.11 87 ± 0.09 94.5 ± 0.1 97.7 ± 0.08 99.9
SNPs B 0 22 ± 0.18 52.7 ± 0.31 72.5 ± 0.16 83.4 ± 0.12 92.7 ± 0.07 97.2 ± 0.5 99.7
Alo C 0 30.5 ± 0.15 60.4 ± 0.21 83.6 ± 0.15 92.1 ± 0.1 98 ± 0.04 100 100
SNPs-Alo D 0 29.7 ± 0.28 59.4 ± 0.27 77 ± 0.24 90.1 ± 0.14 95.4 ± 0.08 98.5 ± 0.06 99.9
5. Nanomed. J., 3(1): 57-64, Winter 2016
61
Table 4 . Result of histological examination
Groups
Sampels(n=3)
Hemosiderin
Exedateleukocyte
Granulation
Fibrocyte
Epithelialization
Control
A1 Yes No Yes Yes Complete
A2 Yes No Yes Yes Complete
A3 Yes No Yes Yes Complete
SNPs
B1 Yes No Yes Yes No
B2 Yes No Yes Yes No
B3 Yes No Yes Yes No
Alo
C1 Yes No Yes Yes Complete
C2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Complete
C3 Yes No Yes Yes Complete
SNPs -Alo
D1 Yes No Yes Yes No
D2 Yes No Yes Yes Complete
D3 Yes No Yes Yes Defect
RESULTS
When SNPs mix with Aloe vera gel, probably due
to inorganic and organic compounds in gel and changes
in surface charge of them, some of SNPs can stick
together which seen in Fig 1. But antibacterial effects
of SNPs were evaluated on this gel. Therefore, in order
to determine the concentration of SNPs in Aloe vera
gel, MBC method was used which is shown in Table 1.
Thus, the concentrations of 20 μg/ml SNPs in Aloe
vera gel were used to prepare the mixture gel. By this
method, it has been shown that each 1 mlAloe vera gel
containing20 µg SNPs (20 nm)can nearlykill1.5 million
bacteria. This number of bacterial has been selected as
a default from infection. On the other, because of
toxicity in SNPs, high concentrations of SNPs could
not be used. Table 2 shows reduction of wounds area
on even days. Wounds area were nearly 3.7 cm2
on 0th
day. Table 3 shows PWH on even days which they are
0 % on 0th
day. Figs 2 and 3 show the data of Table 2
and 3. All the groups were compared statistically with
the control group and two by two. Aloe group (C) was
treated 2 days earlier than the control group (A) in 12th
days. SNPs-Alo group (D) and control group (A) were
treated at the same time in 14th
days. SNPs group (B)
was treated later than other groups in 15th
days. The
rate of healing between groups were Alo (C) > SNPs-
Alo (D) = Control (A) > SNPs (B). In order to better
compare the curves in Figs 2&3 and verification
accelerate wounds healing between groups, trendlines
were used. There is no a significant difference (p<0.05)
in wound healing between control (A) and SNPs-Alo
(D) groups, but there are significant differences
between SNPs (B) and Aloe (C) groups on days of 6, 8
and 10 as well as between control (A) and Aloe (C)
groups on days 10 and 12. There is also a significant
difference between SNPs (B) and SNPs-Alo (D) groups
on day 8. After full recovery, 3 rats were randomly
selected and samples were taken for histological
testing. Table 4 shows histological hemosiderin
deposition and formation of granulation tissue and
fibroblasts occurred in tissue formation equally in all
groups. But it shows differences between their
epithelialization processes. It was complete inAloe (C)
and control (A) groups and there isn‘t in the SNPs (B)
group and nearly complete or defect in the SNPs-Alo
(D) group. Fig 4 is optical microscopy images of cells
of wounds which stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin.
During treatment and healing of wounds, ulcers
abnormalities were not observed and all rats were
treated in the normal way.
DISCUSSIONS
Fig1 shows the transmission electron microscopy
images of Aloe vera gel containing SNPs indicating
the aggregation of SNPs. This means that Aloe vera
gel has the potential to aggregate SNPs together that
it could be due to changes in surface charge of them.
The charged or non-charged amino acids, organic
acids, mineral elements that had participated in the aloe
gel such as arginine, asparagine, glutamic acid, aspartic
acid, salicilic acid, calcium, iron,zinc, copper and else
[19,20].
6. Nanomed. J., 3(1): 57-64, Winter 2016
62
Y. Yousefpoor et al.
Fig. 2. Reduction of wounds area from 3.7 cm2
to zero on even days with trendlines
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
Day0 Day2 Day4 Day6 Day8 Day10 Day12 Day14
Control
SNPs
Alo
SNPs-Alo
Linear (Control)
Linear (SNPs)
Linear (Alo)
Linear (SNPs-Alo)
Fig. 3. Percentage of wound healing (PWH) from 0 to 100% on even days with trendlines
0
20
40
60
80
100
Day0 Day2 Day4 Day6 Day8 Day10 Day12 Day14
Control
SNPs
Alo
SNPs-Alo
Linear (Control)
Linear (SNPs)
Linear (Alo)
Linear (SNPs-Alo)
B2- Hemorrhage A2-Granulation tissue B1- Hemosiderin deposites
A1-Fibrous tissue A2- Epithelialization C1-Complete Epithelialization
C2- Fibrinoleukocytic exudate A1- Epithelialization B1- Granulation tissue
Fig. 4. Optical Microscopy images of cells obtained from wounds and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin
7. Nanomed. J., 3(1): 57-64, Winter 2016
63
But it is certain that MBC test is done by the same
mixed gel with connected particles. Result of this
research shows that the Aloe vera gel accelerates
wound healing, as in several studies have been
investigated [21-24]. In several studies, good results
have been taken from the SNPs along with other
materials [7, 25-28]. However, this study shows that
SNPs partly reduce rate of wound healing especially
alone. It can be due to several effects of SNPs that
interact with cells they are recovering. Asha Rani & et
(2008) in a study on the toxicity of SNPs on the genome
of human cells to conclude that SNPs enter to the cell
and the nucleus and binding to the genetic material
and they arrest cell cycle in the G2 phase of mitosis
which can cause damage to cells, So it is possible that
the lack of epithelialization in the SNPs (B) group is
due to this action [29].
This means that toxicity effects of SNPs on the
proliferation of epithelial cells in mitosis lead to the
delayed recovery.According to Table 4, only complete
epithelialization process can be observed in the control
(A) and Aloe (C) groups, it is not formed in the SNPs
(B) group and it was on average defective in the mixed
(D) group. Chen et al [12] in 2008 in a study on the
toxicity of SNPs concluded that SNPs cause a sharp
decrease in mitochondrial activity and lead to cell
malfunction. It has been found that silver ions seems
to perturb mitochondria through interactions with thiol
groups of the mitochondrial inner membrane.As these
effects of silver ions could be completely blocked by
sulfhydryl reagents, (e.g. reduced glutathione (GSH)),
the ûndings clearly suggested that mitochondria were
under oxidative stress when the cells were exposed to
silver ions [12]. In conclusion, a preliminary outcome
of this study could be that SNPs may interact with
proteins and enzymes containing thiol groups such as
glutathione, thioredoxin, SOD and thioredoxin
peroxidase, are key components of the cell’s antioxidant
defense mechanism and are responsible for neutralizing
the oxidative stress of ROS largely generated by
mitochondrial energy metabolism.
SNPs may deplete the antioxidant defense mechanism
which leads to ROS accumulationAccumulation of ROS
could initiate perturbation and destruction of the
mitochondria as shown in Table 4 [12, 30]. According
to the investigated subjects, SNPs do not appear to
increase wound healing as obtained in this study. In
fact, it could be suggested that SNPs have delayed
wound healing process. In the case of epithelialization
defects in group treated with SNPs-Alo mixture, it could
be suggested that the Aloe vera gel increased the rate
of wound healing whereas SNPs decrease it, but the
mixture of SNPs and Aloe gel has produced an effect
which was the sum of each component of the mixture
as shown in Figs 2 and 3. Perhaps the mixed gel had no
effect on recovery, however, it is recommended for
cases such as topical use in wound with severe
infection, in patients with immunodeficiency who have
wound or want to prevent ulcer formation such as
Diabetic Foot, drug resistances and development of
potential anti-bacterial biofilm for various biomedical
and environmental applications against MRSA and
MRSE[26].
CONCLUSION
It could be concluded thatAloe vera gel is effective
in speeding up the wound healing process but when
mixed with SNPs, no significant improvement was
observed in the healing rate.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to extend our sincere thanks to those
who collaborated including Prof. Ahmadian & Mrs
Shafiizadeh of IBB Research Institute of Tehran
University. Mr Ehsan Ghoddousi of Medicinal Plants
Investigations Center of Jahad University of Kashmar
for providing Aloe vera plant. We also appreciate Mr
Javad Akhtari and Mrs Fatemeh Gheybi at BuAli
Research Institute and Mrs Maasome Mazandarani at
Dr. Shakeri PathobiologyLaboratory. The current study
was derived from an MSc thesis.
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How to cite this article:
Yousefpoor Y, Bolouri B, Bayati M, Shakeri A, Eskandari torbaghan Y. The combined effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on
wound healing in rats. Nanomed. J., 2016; 3(1): 57-64.
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