The document describes research on the insecticidal properties of an ionic liquid against two major stored grain insect pests, Tribolium castaneum and Stegobium paniceum. Bioassays were conducted to evaluate the contact toxicity, larvicidal activity, repellent activity, and antifeedant activity of the ionic liquid. The ionic liquid showed high mortality rates against adults and larvae of both insect species. It demonstrated remarkable repellency at different doses and proved effective as a seed protectant, reducing grain damage. The ionic liquid has potential as a natural alternative to conventional pesticides for stored grain protection.
The document describes research on the insecticidal properties of an ionic liquid against two major stored grain insect pests, Tribolium castaneum and Stegobium paniceum. Contact toxicity, larvicidal activity, repellency, and antifeedant effects of the ionic liquid were tested in the laboratory. The ionic liquid showed high mortality rates against adults and larvae of both insect species. It demonstrated strong repellent effects at various doses. The ionic liquid also proved effective as a seed protectant, reducing weight loss and damage to grains. The study found the ionic liquid to have promising insecticidal activity against important coleopteran pests that damage stored grains.
This study evaluated the insecticidal potential of two monoterpenes, citronellol and geraniol, against two major stored grain pests, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Geraniol showed higher toxicity than citronellol against both pests. Geraniol achieved 52.76% mortality of S. oryzae at 0.02 μl/ml after 72 hours of exposure, while citronellol achieved only 26.3% mortality at the same dose and time. Against T. castaneum, geraniol achieved 68.75% mortality at 0.2 μl/ml after 72 hours compared to 30.77% for citronell
Insecticidal Potential of Two Monoterpenes against Tribolium Castaneum (Herbs...BRNSS Publication Hub
In the present study, two pure monoterpenes: Citronellol and geraniol were tested for their fumigant toxicity, repellent activity, and antifeedant activity against two stored product insect pests, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) Monoterpenes tested showed varying degrees of toxicity against different species of stored product pests but were highly dependent on dosage and exposure duration. Geraniol was found to be highly effective against both S. oryzae and T. castaneum than citronellol. 0.02 μl/ml geraniol produced a mortality of 26.30 ± 0.11 after a short duration of 6 h that reached 52.76 ± 0.28% after an increased exposure of 72 h against S. oryzae while citronellol showed least activity producing a mortality of 52.76 ± 0.28 at 0.02 after 72 h of exposure. Similarly for T. castaneum geraniol produced 68.75 ± 0.55% mortality at 0.2 μl/ml after 72 h and citronellol even at a highest dose of 0.2 μl/ml caused 30.77 ± 0.49% mortality after 12 h. Geraniol produced 42.56 ± 1.9% repellent activity at 1 μl/cm2 after 1 h whereas repellency of 48.60 ± 1.4% was obtained by citronellol against T. castaneum after same concentration and time period citronellol and geraniol at a highest concentration of 1 μl/cm2 gave 56.61 ± 3.4 and 50.56 ± 1.1% repellency, respectively, after 5 h against S. oryzae. Feeding deterrence index (FDI) of 78.95 ± 0.09 and 67.59 ± 0.17% was obtained for citronellol and geraniol at a high concentration of 30 μl/g against T. castaneum. Citronellol showed 52.80 ± 0.32% FDI, followed by geraniol with 49.28 ± 0.17 FDI % against S. oryzae.
The document describes a study that tested the insecticidal potential of two monoterpenes, citronellol and geraniol, against two major stored product insect pests, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Geraniol was found to be more effective than citronellol, showing higher mortality rates against both pests in fumigation toxicity tests. Geraniol and citronellol also demonstrated repellent effects and antifeedant activity in a dose-dependent manner. The study provides evidence that these natural monoterpenes have potential for use as alternatives to synthetic pesticides for stored product pest control.
This study evaluated the insecticidal potential of two monoterpenes, citronellol and geraniol, against two major stored grain pests, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Geraniol showed higher toxicity than citronellol against both pests. Geraniol achieved 52.76% mortality of S. oryzae at 0.02 μl/ml after 72 hours of exposure, while citronellol achieved only 26.30% mortality at the same dose and time. Against T. castaneum, geraniol achieved 68.75% mortality at 0.2 μl/ml after 72 hours, compared to only 30.77% for cit
Phenolic compounds from artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) by Alexander Decker
The document discusses phenolic compounds extracted from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) byproducts and their antimicrobial activities. It finds that methanolic extracts of bound phenols from artichoke bracts and hearts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for bound phenols from hearts were 63μg/ml. Free phenols from hearts also demonstrated antimicrobial properties, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 204 to 206 μg/mL against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The study suggests artichoke byproducts could be used to develop nutritional supplements with antimicrobial properties.
Phenolic compounds from artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) by Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds extracted from different parts of artichoke plants. The researchers found that methanolic extracts of bound phenols from artichoke bracts and hearts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, bound phenols from hearts had MIC values of 63μg/ml, while bound phenols from bracts ranged from 312-486μg/ml against gram-negative bacteria and 486μg/ml against gram-positive bacteria. Free phenols from hearts also demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 204-206μg/ml against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the
Bioactivity of Locally Available Plants on Cotton Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci an...IJEAB
Aqueous, diethyl ether, chloroform, petroleum ether, N-hexane and benzene extracts of locally available plant species were tested for phytochemical and insecticidal bioactivity against cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, under controlled conditions. This study is within bioprospection context, for utilizing local plant species as alternative in sustainable agriculture development. The leaf and stem extract was used. The whole plant extract of T.procumbens followed by N.oleander and V.rosea showed repellent and toxic effect against adult and second nymphal instars. Leaf extract of all three plants showed high inhibition activity against nymphal instars. In case of flower extract less inhibition activity was shown respectively. Fungi which grow on the cotton plant was screened, characterized and checked for antifungal activity against the extracts of the plant material. Phytochemical analysis was also carried out by standard protocols.
The document describes research on the insecticidal properties of an ionic liquid against two major stored grain insect pests, Tribolium castaneum and Stegobium paniceum. Contact toxicity, larvicidal activity, repellency, and antifeedant effects of the ionic liquid were tested in the laboratory. The ionic liquid showed high mortality rates against adults and larvae of both insect species. It demonstrated strong repellent effects at various doses. The ionic liquid also proved effective as a seed protectant, reducing weight loss and damage to grains. The study found the ionic liquid to have promising insecticidal activity against important coleopteran pests that damage stored grains.
This study evaluated the insecticidal potential of two monoterpenes, citronellol and geraniol, against two major stored grain pests, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Geraniol showed higher toxicity than citronellol against both pests. Geraniol achieved 52.76% mortality of S. oryzae at 0.02 μl/ml after 72 hours of exposure, while citronellol achieved only 26.3% mortality at the same dose and time. Against T. castaneum, geraniol achieved 68.75% mortality at 0.2 μl/ml after 72 hours compared to 30.77% for citronell
Insecticidal Potential of Two Monoterpenes against Tribolium Castaneum (Herbs...BRNSS Publication Hub
In the present study, two pure monoterpenes: Citronellol and geraniol were tested for their fumigant toxicity, repellent activity, and antifeedant activity against two stored product insect pests, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) Monoterpenes tested showed varying degrees of toxicity against different species of stored product pests but were highly dependent on dosage and exposure duration. Geraniol was found to be highly effective against both S. oryzae and T. castaneum than citronellol. 0.02 μl/ml geraniol produced a mortality of 26.30 ± 0.11 after a short duration of 6 h that reached 52.76 ± 0.28% after an increased exposure of 72 h against S. oryzae while citronellol showed least activity producing a mortality of 52.76 ± 0.28 at 0.02 after 72 h of exposure. Similarly for T. castaneum geraniol produced 68.75 ± 0.55% mortality at 0.2 μl/ml after 72 h and citronellol even at a highest dose of 0.2 μl/ml caused 30.77 ± 0.49% mortality after 12 h. Geraniol produced 42.56 ± 1.9% repellent activity at 1 μl/cm2 after 1 h whereas repellency of 48.60 ± 1.4% was obtained by citronellol against T. castaneum after same concentration and time period citronellol and geraniol at a highest concentration of 1 μl/cm2 gave 56.61 ± 3.4 and 50.56 ± 1.1% repellency, respectively, after 5 h against S. oryzae. Feeding deterrence index (FDI) of 78.95 ± 0.09 and 67.59 ± 0.17% was obtained for citronellol and geraniol at a high concentration of 30 μl/g against T. castaneum. Citronellol showed 52.80 ± 0.32% FDI, followed by geraniol with 49.28 ± 0.17 FDI % against S. oryzae.
The document describes a study that tested the insecticidal potential of two monoterpenes, citronellol and geraniol, against two major stored product insect pests, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Geraniol was found to be more effective than citronellol, showing higher mortality rates against both pests in fumigation toxicity tests. Geraniol and citronellol also demonstrated repellent effects and antifeedant activity in a dose-dependent manner. The study provides evidence that these natural monoterpenes have potential for use as alternatives to synthetic pesticides for stored product pest control.
This study evaluated the insecticidal potential of two monoterpenes, citronellol and geraniol, against two major stored grain pests, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Geraniol showed higher toxicity than citronellol against both pests. Geraniol achieved 52.76% mortality of S. oryzae at 0.02 μl/ml after 72 hours of exposure, while citronellol achieved only 26.30% mortality at the same dose and time. Against T. castaneum, geraniol achieved 68.75% mortality at 0.2 μl/ml after 72 hours, compared to only 30.77% for cit
Phenolic compounds from artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) by Alexander Decker
The document discusses phenolic compounds extracted from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) byproducts and their antimicrobial activities. It finds that methanolic extracts of bound phenols from artichoke bracts and hearts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for bound phenols from hearts were 63μg/ml. Free phenols from hearts also demonstrated antimicrobial properties, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 204 to 206 μg/mL against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The study suggests artichoke byproducts could be used to develop nutritional supplements with antimicrobial properties.
Phenolic compounds from artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) by Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds extracted from different parts of artichoke plants. The researchers found that methanolic extracts of bound phenols from artichoke bracts and hearts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, bound phenols from hearts had MIC values of 63μg/ml, while bound phenols from bracts ranged from 312-486μg/ml against gram-negative bacteria and 486μg/ml against gram-positive bacteria. Free phenols from hearts also demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 204-206μg/ml against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the
Bioactivity of Locally Available Plants on Cotton Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci an...IJEAB
Aqueous, diethyl ether, chloroform, petroleum ether, N-hexane and benzene extracts of locally available plant species were tested for phytochemical and insecticidal bioactivity against cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, under controlled conditions. This study is within bioprospection context, for utilizing local plant species as alternative in sustainable agriculture development. The leaf and stem extract was used. The whole plant extract of T.procumbens followed by N.oleander and V.rosea showed repellent and toxic effect against adult and second nymphal instars. Leaf extract of all three plants showed high inhibition activity against nymphal instars. In case of flower extract less inhibition activity was shown respectively. Fungi which grow on the cotton plant was screened, characterized and checked for antifungal activity against the extracts of the plant material. Phytochemical analysis was also carried out by standard protocols.
Pharmacological activity of the methanolic extract of sea urchins against esc...Innspub Net
This study elucidated the pharmacological potential of sea urchins using methanol as extracting medium. The antibacterial potential was evaluated using the paper disc method and zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was measured. Antioxidant properties of sea urchins were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Three species of sea urchin randomly collected along the intertidal zone of Diguisit, Baler Aurora were identified using diagnostic keys by the National Museum of the Philippines and they were identified as follows; Echinothrix diadema, Echinometra mathaei, and Echinometra oblonga. E. diadema recorded the highest diameter zone of inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus after 24 hours of incubation with 11.03 ± 1.75mm and 13.52 ± 1.13mm respectively while E. mathaei only inhibited S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 9.27 ± 2.06mm in 24 hours of incubation as well. As the zone of inhibition prolongs, the zone of inhibition decreases as observed in 48 hours of incubation. E. oblonga did not show inhibitoy effect, however it recorded the highest radical scavenging activity with 64.46% among the three species of sea urchins. This was followed by E. mathaei (51.52%) and E. diadema (37.38%). All collected species manifested antioxidant potential. Based on the results, the collected species of sea urchins has a pharmacological potential.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the survival (mean time to failure) of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae when exposed to different concentrations of extracts from Annona muricata (soursop) seeds. Larvae were exposed to concentrations ranging from 10-1000 ppm of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of the seed extract. Survival analysis found the n-hexane fraction at a concentration of 183,476 ppm produced the highest larval mortality rate and was therefore the most effective concentration for killing mosquito larvae. According to toxicity criteria, this concentration fell into the "moderately toxic" category.
Preliminary evaluation of the larvicidal efficacy of coelomic fluid of Eudril...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the molluscicidal properties of two plant species, Cestrum nocturnum and Cestrum diurnum, against the freshwater snail Lymnea accuminata. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves of both plants, as well as an isolated saponin compound, were tested for toxicity against L. accuminata. The alcoholic extracts proved most toxic, with 100% mortality occurring within 24-48 hours at concentrations of 2.5-4.0 mg/L. The isolated saponin compound also showed strong molluscicidal effects. The study identifies saponins as active compounds and suggests Cestrum species may be a potential source
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from two mangrove plant species. Eleven actinomycete isolates were obtained from Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia caseolaris plants collected from Goa, India. In screening for antimicrobial activity, some isolates showed inhibition against test bacteria and fungi. Isolates RO7, RO11 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, while RO9 showed both antibacterial and antifungal effects. In antioxidant analysis by DPPH radical scavenging, the ethyl acetate extracts of RO7, RO11, and RO9 demonstrated dose-dependent free radical scavenging,
Trichosporon sp. are widely distributed in nature and can predominantly be found in the environmental substrates, such as soil, birds, vegetables, water, and decomposing wood. These fungi can colonize skin and, less frequently, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of humans. Currently, the genus Trichosporon sp. is considered one of the most important emerging causes of invasive infection in immune compromised patients, with T. asahii being the most frequently reported species. In this study, T. asahii was procured from MTCC and its sensitivity was checked against different solvents (Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone, and Chloroform) of Iris ensata, a medicinal plant. Zone of inhibition and MIC were evaluated using Agar well diffusion assay and Tube dilution broth assay. Ketoconazole and Nystatin B were used as positive controls. Phytochemical screening was done to determine the phytochemicals present in the plant. The methanol extract was found to be most effective compared to other solvent extracts and positive controls. Phytochemicals play a major role in this anti Trichosporon activity. Key-words- Yeast infection, Trichosporon, Medicinal plant, Phytochemicals test
Anti-Oxidant and Antimicrobial Studies of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi/Giloy...SUS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
Plants produce a diverse range of bioactive molecules, making them a rich source of
different types of medicines and healing properties. The present study was aimed to
evaluate the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial properties of stem and root of T. cordifolia.
Total phenolic contents of different solvent extracts were determined and found that ethanol
extract had the highest phenolic content of 0.3213 mg g-1. Antioxidant assays were also
carried out by using different in vitro models such as total reducing power, hydrogen
peroxide scavenging activity assay and hydroxyl redical scavenging activity. The Ethanol
extract showed the highest total antioxidant activity. The H2O2 scavenging and hydroxyl
free radical scavenging activity was maximum 87.2 % and 91.0% found in case of ethanolic
steam extract respectively. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and methanolic extract of
root and stem of T. cordifolia were also evaluated against some pathogenic microorganisms
viz. E. coli, B. subtilis, A. niger and Candida sp. it was found that the various concentration
of extract viz. 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg ml-1 were tested. It was observed that the
increasing in concentration there was also increasing in antimicrobial activity reveled by
increase in size of zone of inhibition. The methanolic stem extract exhibits highest
antimicrobial activity against all four pathogens. The study shown that the extract of T.
cordifolia has a wide range of anti-oxidant as well as antimicrobial activity against bacterial
as well as fungal pathogens.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Cochlospermum planchonii Roots Crude Ext...iosrjce
The antibacterial activities of the methanolic, hot water, chloroform and petroleum ether of
Cochlospermum planchonii root extracts on some clinical bacterial isolates and reference organisms were
investigated using conventional microbiological and microdilution indicator technique. Phytochemical
screenings were also carried on the extracts. The root extracts of the plant exhibited antibacterial activities
against reference strains and clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus
aureus, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhii. However, the susceptibility pattern of the bacteria did not
differ significantly from each other (p>0.05). The methanolic root extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial
activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 1.25 mg/ml and 5.00mg/ml; and its zones
of inhibition diameter on the various test microorganisms ranging between 8mm and 12mm. The petroleum
ether extracts had the weakest antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 5.00mg/ml and
its zones of inhibition diameter ranging between 4mm and 7mm. The bioactive constituents in the plant were
alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and sterols. The methanolic extracts of root appeared to be
more biologically active than other extracts and may be more useful in treating human infections caused by
these pathogens.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition of extracts from Catharanthus roseus against wound isolates. Key findings include:
1) Ethanolic extracts of C. roseus showed the highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids in extracts.
2) Against various wound pathogens, ethanolic extracts were most effective against P. aeruginosa, followed by S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes.
3) Thin layer chromatography identified brown spots in ethanolic extracts and yellow spots in
INVESTIGATION OF IN-VITRO ANTHELMINTIC AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF ARTABOTRYS...Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan
The methanolic extract of bark of Artabotrys hexapetalus were investigated for in-vitro anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity was done using the brine shrimp lethality bio-assay. The crude methanolic extract showed significant cytotoxic potential (LC50 value of 7.688 μg/ml) comparing with that of standard vincristine (0.839 μg/ml). The other study was undertaken to evaluate anthelmintic activity where albendazole was used as reference standard. Methanolic extract of barks (50 mg/ml) caused paralysis of the worms at 68.33 minutes and death at 84.0 minutes while albendazole (positive control) paralyzed and killed the worms at 17 minutes and 48 minutes respectively at the concentration of 10 mg/ml. The study confirms the significant anthelmintic activities of bark extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus and therefore demands the isolation of active principles through bioassay.
Study of antagonistic capability of trichoderma harzianum isolates against so...AL-kitab university -IRAQ
This study evaluated the antagonistic potential of two isolates of Trichoderma harzianum against seven soil-borne pathogenic fungi. In dual culture tests, T. harzianum isolate T2 showed the highest inhibitory effect against the pathogens, reducing their mycelial growth by 45.99% on average. Alternaria sp. was most inhibited by T2 at 51.18%. Volatile metabolites from T2 were also effective at inhibiting pathogen growth. Non-volatile metabolites collected from T2 cultures at different time periods and concentrations inhibited pathogen mycelial growth, with the highest (100%) concentration having the greatest effect. Microscopic analysis revealed T2 interacting with and inhibiting the pathogens through mechanisms like coiling around their
The Effect of Dried Leaves Extract of Hyptis suaveolens on Various Stages of ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of Crude Extracts of Cochlospermum...iosrjce
The antibacterial activities of the methanolic, hot water, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of
Choclospermum planchonii leaf were tested against some clinical bacterial isolates and reference organisms.
The phytochemical screenings of the extracts were also carried out. The leaf extracts of the plant exhibited
antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus
aureus, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhii and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 28923),
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853. The methanolic leaf extracts
exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 0.31
and 1.25 mg/ml; and its zones of inhibition on the various test microorganisms ranging between 8mm and 13
mm. The petroleum ether extracts had the weakest antibacterial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) ranging between 2.50mg/ml and 5.00mg/ml and its inhibition zone ranging between 4mm and 8mm. The
phytochemical constituents present in the plant were alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and
sterols. The methanolic extracts of the leaf exhibited potentially biological activity than other extracts. This
indicates that the plant leaf could be useful in the treatment of human infections caused by these pathogens. The
antibacterial activities of the methanolic leaf extract may be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds.
The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the anti-bacterial, bioactive compounds and anti-oxidant property of fibrous brown marine algae Sargassum wightii. Antimicrobial finish has been imparted to the cotton fabric using extracts of seaweed by microencapsulation using pad-dry-cure method. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated, how this Sargassum wightti acts as antioxidant, and antibacterial properties and it also shows good antiviral and anti-carcinogenic activities. Bioactive compounds are inhibited the growth of microorganisms present in human body. Bioactive compounds were confirmed by means of the spectrum in the GC-MS spectroscopy. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using the DPPH method. The total phenolic content was determined with the folin-ciocalteu method. The methanol fraction of treated fabric had the highest antioxidant activity (42.5+1.21%), because of the phenolic content trap the reactive oxygen species and develops the cells present in the skin. Parallel streak method was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of seaweed treated fabric. The results showed that higher inhibition zone of 40 mm. The treated fabrics are most widely used in a wide range of health care, pharmaceutical and hygienic textiles.
Isolation and Screening of Soil Actinomycetes for Antimicrobial Activity OlakunleAjibola
Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens has greatly increased of late and now pose a serious public health problem globally. New antimicrobials are continuously needed to inhibit the growth of these resistant strains.
The aim of this study was to isolate and screen soil actinomycetes and evaluate their secondary metabolites for antimicrobial activities against selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Evaluation of four plants compost teas against fungi responsible for Corn dam...IJEABJ
Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals in Côte d'Ivoire. However, Corn seeds and seedlings are susceptible to infection by a number of soilborne fungi which caused seeds decay before or after germination. The objective of this study is to evaluate the suppressive effect of Four plants compost teas (Chromolaena odorata, Ricinus communis, Nicotiana tabacum, Azadiracta indica) on Corn damping off. In vitro assays showed a most suppressive effect of C. odorata and R. communis compost teas on mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi. Results of in vivo trials showed significant reduction of Corn seedlings diseases incidence and high seed germination percent after treatment with C. odorata, R. communis and A. indica compost teas. No efficiency effect was noted with N. tabacum compost tea. This study demonstrated the usefulness of compost tea as an efficient biological tool for the control of fungi responsible of corn damping-off.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant
activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet
- mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria.
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant
activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet
- mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria.
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
Evaluation of characteristics of Simplicillium lanosoniveum on pathogenicity ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study aimed to evaluate the aphidicidal and antifungal activities of Simplicillium lanosoniveum in laboratory conditions. S. lanosoniveum isolate Cs0701 shown to be pathogenic to the aphids, Aphis gossypii, Ceratovacuna lanigera and Hysteroneura setariae. The data showed that isolate Cs0701 exudates had greater mycelial growth-inhibiting effects on plant pathogenic fungi, Sclerotium rolfsii, Alternaria brassicicola and Rhizoctonia solani, in cellophane paper antibiosis test. In addition, mycelial growth of Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Curvularia lunata and Fusarium sp. were partially inhibited by isolate Cs0701 exudates. The culture filtrates of isolate Cs0701 were screened for their antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungi. The results revealed that A. brassicicola, Cochliobolus miyabeanus and Curvularia lunata conidial germination was inhibited by isolate Cs0701. The culture filtrate was also able to inhibit conidial germination of jasmine orange (Murraya paniculata) powdery mildew, Oidium murrayae. However, plant host range tests showed that isolate Cs0701 was not pathogenic to Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Lemma perpusilla and Glycine max. Taken together, these findings provide convincing experimental evidence that S. lanosoniveum isolate Cs0701 is biologically active against both aphids and plant pathogenic fungi including powdery mildew. Pot and field trials are necessary to confirm efficacy of S. lanosoniveum against aphids and plant pathogenic fungi.
Pharmacological activity of the methanolic extract of sea urchins against esc...Innspub Net
This study elucidated the pharmacological potential of sea urchins using methanol as extracting medium. The antibacterial potential was evaluated using the paper disc method and zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was measured. Antioxidant properties of sea urchins were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Three species of sea urchin randomly collected along the intertidal zone of Diguisit, Baler Aurora were identified using diagnostic keys by the National Museum of the Philippines and they were identified as follows; Echinothrix diadema, Echinometra mathaei, and Echinometra oblonga. E. diadema recorded the highest diameter zone of inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus after 24 hours of incubation with 11.03 ± 1.75mm and 13.52 ± 1.13mm respectively while E. mathaei only inhibited S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 9.27 ± 2.06mm in 24 hours of incubation as well. As the zone of inhibition prolongs, the zone of inhibition decreases as observed in 48 hours of incubation. E. oblonga did not show inhibitoy effect, however it recorded the highest radical scavenging activity with 64.46% among the three species of sea urchins. This was followed by E. mathaei (51.52%) and E. diadema (37.38%). All collected species manifested antioxidant potential. Based on the results, the collected species of sea urchins has a pharmacological potential.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the survival (mean time to failure) of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae when exposed to different concentrations of extracts from Annona muricata (soursop) seeds. Larvae were exposed to concentrations ranging from 10-1000 ppm of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of the seed extract. Survival analysis found the n-hexane fraction at a concentration of 183,476 ppm produced the highest larval mortality rate and was therefore the most effective concentration for killing mosquito larvae. According to toxicity criteria, this concentration fell into the "moderately toxic" category.
Preliminary evaluation of the larvicidal efficacy of coelomic fluid of Eudril...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the molluscicidal properties of two plant species, Cestrum nocturnum and Cestrum diurnum, against the freshwater snail Lymnea accuminata. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves of both plants, as well as an isolated saponin compound, were tested for toxicity against L. accuminata. The alcoholic extracts proved most toxic, with 100% mortality occurring within 24-48 hours at concentrations of 2.5-4.0 mg/L. The isolated saponin compound also showed strong molluscicidal effects. The study identifies saponins as active compounds and suggests Cestrum species may be a potential source
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from two mangrove plant species. Eleven actinomycete isolates were obtained from Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia caseolaris plants collected from Goa, India. In screening for antimicrobial activity, some isolates showed inhibition against test bacteria and fungi. Isolates RO7, RO11 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, while RO9 showed both antibacterial and antifungal effects. In antioxidant analysis by DPPH radical scavenging, the ethyl acetate extracts of RO7, RO11, and RO9 demonstrated dose-dependent free radical scavenging,
Trichosporon sp. are widely distributed in nature and can predominantly be found in the environmental substrates, such as soil, birds, vegetables, water, and decomposing wood. These fungi can colonize skin and, less frequently, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of humans. Currently, the genus Trichosporon sp. is considered one of the most important emerging causes of invasive infection in immune compromised patients, with T. asahii being the most frequently reported species. In this study, T. asahii was procured from MTCC and its sensitivity was checked against different solvents (Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone, and Chloroform) of Iris ensata, a medicinal plant. Zone of inhibition and MIC were evaluated using Agar well diffusion assay and Tube dilution broth assay. Ketoconazole and Nystatin B were used as positive controls. Phytochemical screening was done to determine the phytochemicals present in the plant. The methanol extract was found to be most effective compared to other solvent extracts and positive controls. Phytochemicals play a major role in this anti Trichosporon activity. Key-words- Yeast infection, Trichosporon, Medicinal plant, Phytochemicals test
Anti-Oxidant and Antimicrobial Studies of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi/Giloy...SUS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
Plants produce a diverse range of bioactive molecules, making them a rich source of
different types of medicines and healing properties. The present study was aimed to
evaluate the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial properties of stem and root of T. cordifolia.
Total phenolic contents of different solvent extracts were determined and found that ethanol
extract had the highest phenolic content of 0.3213 mg g-1. Antioxidant assays were also
carried out by using different in vitro models such as total reducing power, hydrogen
peroxide scavenging activity assay and hydroxyl redical scavenging activity. The Ethanol
extract showed the highest total antioxidant activity. The H2O2 scavenging and hydroxyl
free radical scavenging activity was maximum 87.2 % and 91.0% found in case of ethanolic
steam extract respectively. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and methanolic extract of
root and stem of T. cordifolia were also evaluated against some pathogenic microorganisms
viz. E. coli, B. subtilis, A. niger and Candida sp. it was found that the various concentration
of extract viz. 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg ml-1 were tested. It was observed that the
increasing in concentration there was also increasing in antimicrobial activity reveled by
increase in size of zone of inhibition. The methanolic stem extract exhibits highest
antimicrobial activity against all four pathogens. The study shown that the extract of T.
cordifolia has a wide range of anti-oxidant as well as antimicrobial activity against bacterial
as well as fungal pathogens.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Cochlospermum planchonii Roots Crude Ext...iosrjce
The antibacterial activities of the methanolic, hot water, chloroform and petroleum ether of
Cochlospermum planchonii root extracts on some clinical bacterial isolates and reference organisms were
investigated using conventional microbiological and microdilution indicator technique. Phytochemical
screenings were also carried on the extracts. The root extracts of the plant exhibited antibacterial activities
against reference strains and clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus
aureus, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhii. However, the susceptibility pattern of the bacteria did not
differ significantly from each other (p>0.05). The methanolic root extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial
activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 1.25 mg/ml and 5.00mg/ml; and its zones
of inhibition diameter on the various test microorganisms ranging between 8mm and 12mm. The petroleum
ether extracts had the weakest antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 5.00mg/ml and
its zones of inhibition diameter ranging between 4mm and 7mm. The bioactive constituents in the plant were
alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and sterols. The methanolic extracts of root appeared to be
more biologically active than other extracts and may be more useful in treating human infections caused by
these pathogens.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition of extracts from Catharanthus roseus against wound isolates. Key findings include:
1) Ethanolic extracts of C. roseus showed the highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids in extracts.
2) Against various wound pathogens, ethanolic extracts were most effective against P. aeruginosa, followed by S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes.
3) Thin layer chromatography identified brown spots in ethanolic extracts and yellow spots in
INVESTIGATION OF IN-VITRO ANTHELMINTIC AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF ARTABOTRYS...Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan
The methanolic extract of bark of Artabotrys hexapetalus were investigated for in-vitro anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity was done using the brine shrimp lethality bio-assay. The crude methanolic extract showed significant cytotoxic potential (LC50 value of 7.688 μg/ml) comparing with that of standard vincristine (0.839 μg/ml). The other study was undertaken to evaluate anthelmintic activity where albendazole was used as reference standard. Methanolic extract of barks (50 mg/ml) caused paralysis of the worms at 68.33 minutes and death at 84.0 minutes while albendazole (positive control) paralyzed and killed the worms at 17 minutes and 48 minutes respectively at the concentration of 10 mg/ml. The study confirms the significant anthelmintic activities of bark extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus and therefore demands the isolation of active principles through bioassay.
Study of antagonistic capability of trichoderma harzianum isolates against so...AL-kitab university -IRAQ
This study evaluated the antagonistic potential of two isolates of Trichoderma harzianum against seven soil-borne pathogenic fungi. In dual culture tests, T. harzianum isolate T2 showed the highest inhibitory effect against the pathogens, reducing their mycelial growth by 45.99% on average. Alternaria sp. was most inhibited by T2 at 51.18%. Volatile metabolites from T2 were also effective at inhibiting pathogen growth. Non-volatile metabolites collected from T2 cultures at different time periods and concentrations inhibited pathogen mycelial growth, with the highest (100%) concentration having the greatest effect. Microscopic analysis revealed T2 interacting with and inhibiting the pathogens through mechanisms like coiling around their
The Effect of Dried Leaves Extract of Hyptis suaveolens on Various Stages of ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of Crude Extracts of Cochlospermum...iosrjce
The antibacterial activities of the methanolic, hot water, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of
Choclospermum planchonii leaf were tested against some clinical bacterial isolates and reference organisms.
The phytochemical screenings of the extracts were also carried out. The leaf extracts of the plant exhibited
antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus
aureus, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhii and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 28923),
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853. The methanolic leaf extracts
exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 0.31
and 1.25 mg/ml; and its zones of inhibition on the various test microorganisms ranging between 8mm and 13
mm. The petroleum ether extracts had the weakest antibacterial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) ranging between 2.50mg/ml and 5.00mg/ml and its inhibition zone ranging between 4mm and 8mm. The
phytochemical constituents present in the plant were alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and
sterols. The methanolic extracts of the leaf exhibited potentially biological activity than other extracts. This
indicates that the plant leaf could be useful in the treatment of human infections caused by these pathogens. The
antibacterial activities of the methanolic leaf extract may be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds.
The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the anti-bacterial, bioactive compounds and anti-oxidant property of fibrous brown marine algae Sargassum wightii. Antimicrobial finish has been imparted to the cotton fabric using extracts of seaweed by microencapsulation using pad-dry-cure method. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated, how this Sargassum wightti acts as antioxidant, and antibacterial properties and it also shows good antiviral and anti-carcinogenic activities. Bioactive compounds are inhibited the growth of microorganisms present in human body. Bioactive compounds were confirmed by means of the spectrum in the GC-MS spectroscopy. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using the DPPH method. The total phenolic content was determined with the folin-ciocalteu method. The methanol fraction of treated fabric had the highest antioxidant activity (42.5+1.21%), because of the phenolic content trap the reactive oxygen species and develops the cells present in the skin. Parallel streak method was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of seaweed treated fabric. The results showed that higher inhibition zone of 40 mm. The treated fabrics are most widely used in a wide range of health care, pharmaceutical and hygienic textiles.
Isolation and Screening of Soil Actinomycetes for Antimicrobial Activity OlakunleAjibola
Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens has greatly increased of late and now pose a serious public health problem globally. New antimicrobials are continuously needed to inhibit the growth of these resistant strains.
The aim of this study was to isolate and screen soil actinomycetes and evaluate their secondary metabolites for antimicrobial activities against selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Evaluation of four plants compost teas against fungi responsible for Corn dam...IJEABJ
Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals in Côte d'Ivoire. However, Corn seeds and seedlings are susceptible to infection by a number of soilborne fungi which caused seeds decay before or after germination. The objective of this study is to evaluate the suppressive effect of Four plants compost teas (Chromolaena odorata, Ricinus communis, Nicotiana tabacum, Azadiracta indica) on Corn damping off. In vitro assays showed a most suppressive effect of C. odorata and R. communis compost teas on mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi. Results of in vivo trials showed significant reduction of Corn seedlings diseases incidence and high seed germination percent after treatment with C. odorata, R. communis and A. indica compost teas. No efficiency effect was noted with N. tabacum compost tea. This study demonstrated the usefulness of compost tea as an efficient biological tool for the control of fungi responsible of corn damping-off.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant
activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet
- mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria.
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant
activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet
- mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria.
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
Evaluation of characteristics of Simplicillium lanosoniveum on pathogenicity ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study aimed to evaluate the aphidicidal and antifungal activities of Simplicillium lanosoniveum in laboratory conditions. S. lanosoniveum isolate Cs0701 shown to be pathogenic to the aphids, Aphis gossypii, Ceratovacuna lanigera and Hysteroneura setariae. The data showed that isolate Cs0701 exudates had greater mycelial growth-inhibiting effects on plant pathogenic fungi, Sclerotium rolfsii, Alternaria brassicicola and Rhizoctonia solani, in cellophane paper antibiosis test. In addition, mycelial growth of Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Curvularia lunata and Fusarium sp. were partially inhibited by isolate Cs0701 exudates. The culture filtrates of isolate Cs0701 were screened for their antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungi. The results revealed that A. brassicicola, Cochliobolus miyabeanus and Curvularia lunata conidial germination was inhibited by isolate Cs0701. The culture filtrate was also able to inhibit conidial germination of jasmine orange (Murraya paniculata) powdery mildew, Oidium murrayae. However, plant host range tests showed that isolate Cs0701 was not pathogenic to Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Lemma perpusilla and Glycine max. Taken together, these findings provide convincing experimental evidence that S. lanosoniveum isolate Cs0701 is biologically active against both aphids and plant pathogenic fungi including powdery mildew. Pot and field trials are necessary to confirm efficacy of S. lanosoniveum against aphids and plant pathogenic fungi.
ALPHA LOGARITHM TRANSFORMED SEMI LOGISTIC DISTRIBUTION USING MAXIMUM LIKELIH...BRNSS Publication Hub
The document discusses the alpha logarithm transformed semi-logistic distribution and its maximum likelihood estimation method. It introduces the distribution, provides its probability density function and cumulative distribution function. It then describes generating random numbers from the distribution and outlines the maximum likelihood estimation method to estimate the distribution's unknown parameters. This involves deriving the likelihood function and taking its partial derivatives to obtain equations that are set to zero and solved to find maximum likelihood estimates of the location, scale, and shape parameters.
AN ASSESSMENT ON THE SPLIT AND NON-SPLIT DOMINATION NUMBER OF TENEMENT GRAPHSBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes research on the split and non-split domination numbers of tenement graphs. It defines tenement graphs and provides basic definitions of domination, split domination, and non-split domination. Formulas for the split and non-split domination numbers of tenement graphs are presented based on the number of vertices. Theorems are presented stating that the mid vertex set of a tenement graph is always a split dominating set, but its size is not always equal to the split domination number.
This document summarizes research on generalized Cantor sets and functions where the standard construction is modified. It introduces Cantor sets defined by an arbitrary base where the intervals removed at each stage are not all the same length. It also defines irregular or transcendental Cantor sets generated by transcendental numbers like e. The key findings are:
1) There exists a unique probability measure for generalized Cantor sets that generates the cumulative distribution function.
2) The Holder exponent of generalized Cantor sets is shown to be logn/s where n is the base and s is the number of subintervals.
3) Lower and upper densities are defined for the measure on generalized Cantor functions and their properties are
SYMMETRIC BILINEAR CRYPTOGRAPHY ON ELLIPTIC CURVE AND LIE ALGEBRABRNSS Publication Hub
1) The document discusses symmetric bilinear pairings on elliptic curves and Lie algebras in the context of cryptography. It provides an overview of the theoretical foundations and applications of combining these areas.
2) Key concepts covered include the Weil pairing as a symmetric bilinear pairing on elliptic curves, its properties of bilinearity and non-degeneracy, and efficient computation. Applications of elliptic curves in cryptography like ECDH and ECDSA are also summarized.
3) The security of protocols like ECDH and ECDSA relies on the assumed difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). The document proves various mathematical aspects behind symmetric bilinear pairings and their use in elliptic curve cryptography.
SUITABILITY OF COINTEGRATION TESTS ON DATA STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT ORDERSBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes research investigating the suitability of cointegration tests on time series data of different orders. The researchers used simulated time series data from normal and gamma distributions at sample sizes of 30, 60, and 90. Three cointegration tests (Engle-Granger, Johansen, and Phillips-Ouliaris) were applied to the data. The tests were assessed based on type 1 error rates and power to determine which test was most robust for different distributions and sample sizes. The results indicated the Phillips-Ouliaris test was generally the most effective at determining cointegration across different sample sizes and distributions.
Artificial Intelligence: A Manifested Leap in Psychiatric RehabilitationBRNSS Publication Hub
Artificial intelligence shows promise in improving psychiatric rehabilitation in 3 key ways:
1) AI can help diagnose and treat mental health issues through virtual therapists and chatbots, improving access and reducing stigma.
2) Technologies like machine learning and big data allow personalized interventions and more accurate diagnoses.
3) The COVID-19 pandemic has increased need for mental health support, and AI may help address gaps by providing remote services.
A Review on Polyherbal Formulations and Herbal Medicine for Management of Ul...BRNSS Publication Hub
This document provides a review of polyherbal formulations and herbal medicines for treating peptic ulcers. It discusses how peptic ulcers occur due to an imbalance between aggressive and protective factors in the gastrointestinal tract. Common causes include H. pylori infection and NSAID use. While synthetic medications are available, herbal supplements are more affordable and have fewer side effects. The review examines various herbs that have traditionally been used to treat ulcers, including their active chemical constituents. It defines polyherbal formulations as combinations of two or more herbs, which can enhance therapeutic effects while reducing toxicity. The document aims to summarize recent research on herb and polyherbal formulation treatments for peptic ulcers.
Current Trends in Treatments and Targets of Neglected Tropical DiseaseBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes current trends in treatments and targets of neglected tropical diseases. It begins by stating that neglected tropical diseases affect over 1.7 billion people globally each year and are caused by a variety of microbes. The World Health Organization is working to eliminate 30 neglected tropical diseases by 2030. The document then discusses several specific neglected tropical diseases in more detail, including human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, soil-transmitted helminths, and schistosomiasis. It describes the causative agents, transmission methods, symptoms, affected populations, and current treatment options for each of these diseases. Overall, the document aims to briefly discuss neglected infectious diseases and treatment
Evaluation of Cordia Dichotoma gum as A Potent Excipient for the Formulation ...BRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes a study that evaluated Cordia dichotoma gum as an excipient for oral thin film drug delivery. Films were prepared with varying ratios of the gum, plasticizers (methyl paraben and glycerine), and the model drug diclofenac sodium. The films were evaluated for properties like thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, water uptake, and drug release kinetics. The results found that a film with 10% gum, 0.2% methyl paraben and 2.5% glycerine (CDF3) exhibited the best results among the formulations tested. Stability studies showed the films were stable for 30 days at different temperatures. Overall, the study demonstrated that C.
Assessment of Medication Adherence Pattern for Patients with Chronic Diseases...BRNSS Publication Hub
This study assessed medication adherence and knowledge among rural patients with chronic diseases in South Indian hospitals. 1500 hypertensive patients were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received education from pharmacists at various times, while the control group did not. A questionnaire evaluated patients' medication knowledge at baseline and several follow-ups. The intervention group showed improved medication knowledge scores after education compared to the control group. Female gender, lower education, and income were linked to lower knowledge. The study highlights the need to educate rural patients to improve medication understanding and adherence.
This document proposes a system to hide information using four algorithms for image steganography. The system first encrypts data using a modified AES algorithm. It then encrypts the encrypted data using a modified RSA algorithm. Next, it uses a fuzzy stream algorithm to add ambiguity. Finally, it hides the encrypted data in the least significant bits of cover images using LSB steganography. The document evaluates the proposed system using metrics like PSNR, MSE, and SSIM to analyze image quality and the ability to hide data imperceptibly compared to other techniques. It selects four color images as cover files and tests the system on them.
The document discusses Goldbach's problems and their solutions. It summarizes that the ternary Goldbach problem, which states that every odd number greater than 7 can be represented as the sum of three odd primes, was solved in 2013. It also discusses Ramare's 1995 proof that any even number can be represented as the sum of no more than 6 primes. The document then provides proofs for theorems related to representing numbers as sums of primes and concludes there are an infinite number of twin primes.
The document summarizes research on k-super contra harmonic mean labeling of graphs. It defines k-super Lehmer-3 mean labeling of a graph as an injective vertex labeling such that the induced edge labels satisfy certain properties. It proves that several families of graphs admit k-super Lehmer-3 mean labeling for any positive integer k, including triangular snakes, double triangular snakes, alternative triangular snakes, quadrilateral snakes, and alternative quadrilateral snakes. The document introduces the concept of k-super Lehmer-3 mean labeling and investigates this property for these families of graphs.
The document summarizes research on using various iterative schemes to solve fixed-point problems and inequalities involving self-mappings and contractions in Banach spaces. It defines concepts like non-expansive mappings, mean non-expansive mappings, and rates of convergence. The paper presents two theorems: 1) an iterative scheme for a sequence involving a self-mapping T is shown to converge to a fixed point of T, and 2) an iterative process involving a self-contraction mapping T is defined and shown to converge. Limiting cases are considered to prove convergence as the number of iterations approaches infinity.
This document summarizes research on analyzing and simulating the accuracy and stability of closed-loop control systems. It discusses various techniques for evaluating accuracy and stability, including steady-state error analysis, stability analysis, and simulation. Factors that can affect accuracy and stability are also identified, such as sensor noise, model inaccuracies, and environmental disturbances. The paper provides an overview of closed-loop control systems and their uses in various engineering fields like manufacturing, chemical processes, vehicles, aircraft, and power systems.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. Brari and Thakur: Insecticidal properties of IL against stored pests
IJPBA/Oct-Dec-2021/Vol 12/Issue 4 164
pests Callosobruchus analis, S. oryzae, Stegobium
paniceum,andT.castaneumwereputupforfumigant
toxicity studies involving the use of monoterpenes:
citronellol, geraniol, linalool, eugenol, thymol,
cinnamaldehyde, p-cymene and α-pinene.[4]
Among the many synthetic compounds which
are labeled as green pesticides ionic fluids (ILs)
are novel natural salts with a wide liquid range.
These chemicals have great potential for industrial
use as ecofriendly chemicals. The cationic and
anionic segments of ionic liquids can be modified
thereby affecting their properties and its toxic
levels. Ionic fluids with surfactant properties
have an extraordinary potential as pesticides.
Insecticidal potential of citronellol, ionic surfactant
and a nonionic surfactant was assessed for their
insecticidal activity towards C. analis (F) and
S. oryzae. Both the surfactants altogether deflected
most of females of C. analis from laying eggs and
in decreasing Fl offspring creation.[5]
Theoilsandsurfactantsarelessinclinedforselection
by resistance and may provide safer options in
contrast to synthetic chemical-based insecticides.[6,7]
Surfactants have for quite some time been utilized
as wetting, spreading, emulsifying and adhering
specialists to improve the adequacy and inclusion
of numerous pesticides.[8]
Accordingly, the present
examination was directed to decide insecticidal
action of monoterpene-based ionic fluid against two
Coleopteran pests the red flour beetle, T. castaneum
Herbst and drug store beetle, S. paniceum (L).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Synthesis of an Ionic Liquid
Ionicliquidwassynthesizedbysimpleesterification
of citronellol with chloroacetic acid resulted in
formation of intermediate, that is, 3,7-dimethyloct-
6-en-1-yl 2-chloroacetate. Finally, intermediate
was quaternized with n-methylimidazole at 80°C
for one hour resulted in respective citronellol based
ionic liquid, viz., 3-(2-((3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-
yl)oxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium
chloride. The respective amphiphile was purified
by recrystallization from diethyl ether followed
by drying of the viscous material under vacuum at
40°C to get the pure final product. The ionic liquid
possesses properties of surfactant was tested for
its insecticidal efficacy by conducting different
bioassays against two test insects.
Test Insects
Laboratory cultures of S. paniceum, T. castaneum
(5–10 days each) was maintained at 30 ± 2°C
and 68±2% relative humidity. Whole meal wheat
flour plus brewer’s yeast (19:1) was used to rear
S. paniceum and T. castaneum, respectively.
Bioassays
Contact toxicity of ionic liquid against adult insect
pests
Contact activity of ionic liquid against adults of
insect pests was determined by direct contact
application as cited in literature.[9,10]
5, 10, 30, and
50 µl of ionic liquid was dissolved in 1 ml of water
to prepare final concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.6 and
1 µl/cm2
. Control was taken as 1ml methanol. Each
dried paper was placed at the bottom of a Petri dish
and 10 adults (5–10 day old) of each insect along
with their food source were placed in each Petri
dish and covered with a lid. Each set of treatment
was repeated three times and number of dead
insects in each Petri-dish was counted at different
intervals of time.
Larvicidal Activity of Ionic Liquid against
Insect Pests
T. castaneum larvae were external feeders and
obtained by carefully examining the food media.
Larvae of S. paniceum devoured into the seeds so
for S. paniceum 10 days after egg laying the seeds
were observed for larval stages. A stock solution of
ionic liquid was prepared by dissolving 100 μl of
it in 1 ml of water. Plastic jars of 250 ml capacity
with screw lids were used as exposure chambers.
Different doses of ionic liquid 10 30, 50 and 100 µl
prepared in solvent were applied to a circular filter
paper (Whatman No. 1) and after evaporating the
solvent for 5–10 minutes the treated filter paper
discs were then introduced into the plastic jars
and attached to inner surface of screw lid of the
3. Brari and Thakur: Insecticidal Properties of IL against Stored Pests
IJPBA/Oct-Dec-2021/Vol 12/Issue 4 165
jar using adhesive tape. 1 ml methanol alone was
used as control. In each jar, a small glass Petri
dish was containing about 10 larvae (8–10 day
old) of T. castaneum and 10 seed grains containing
S. paniceum larvae of same age were placed
carefully. After 48 h of exposure, the larvae were
transferred to clean vials and larval mortality was
recorded after 120 h. For S. paniceum, seeds or
grains were subsequently dissected after five days
to count the dead larvae and larval mortality was
calculated accordingly. Three replicates were set
up for each dose.
Percentage mortality was calculated using the
Abott formula.[11]
Corrected mortality %
1 n in T after treatment
100
n in Co after treatment
−
×
n =Total number of insects,T– treated, Co – control.
Repellent Activity of Ionic Liquid against
Insect Pests
Repellency tests of ionic liquid was carried out
according to the experimental method described by
Jilani and Saxena.[12]
Test solutions were prepared
by dissolving 100, 300 and 500 µl of ionic liquid
in 1 ml water to obtain final doses of 2, 6 and
10 µl/cm2
Whatman filter papers (diameter 8 cm)
were cut into two equal halves one half of each dish
was treated with essential oil solution as uniform
as possible using micro pipette. The other half of
the filter paper was treated with methanol alone as
a control. The treated and control half discs were
dried to evaporate the solvent completely. Treated
and untreated halves were attached to their opposite
ends using adhesive tape and placed in Petri
dishes. Twenty adult beetles of each insect species
(5–10 day old) were released at the center of each
filter paper. The Petri dishes were then covered
and sealed with parafilm. Three replications were
used for each concentration. Observations on the
number of insects present on both the treated and
untreated halves were recorded after 1, 3, 5 and
24 h. Percentage repellency (PR) was calculated as
follows.[13]
Nc – Nt
PR 100
Nc Nt
= = ×
+
Nc was the number of insects on the untreated area
after the exposure interval and Nt was the number
of insects on the treated area after the exposure
interval.
Antifeedant Activity of Ionic Liquid against
Insect Pests
The bioassay experiment was conducted for
evaluating ionic liquid as potential seed protectants
against T. castaneum and S. paniceum (5–10 day
old) adults. To determine antifeedant activity of
essential oils a no-choice test was carried out as
described[14,15]
with some modifications. 1 ml
of prepared concentrations of 100 and 300 μl of
compound dissolved in water and 1 ml methanol
alone as control were applied on to a 5 g grinded
mixture of pulses and rice kernels. The treated
mixture of food media were placed in Petri
dishes after evaporating the solvent. 10 adults of
T. castaneum and, S. paniceum were transferred to
each pre-weighed food media in Petri dishes. After
feeding for 72 h under laboratory conditions food
media was re-weighed and mortality of insects was
recorded. Three replicates of each treatment were
prepared, including the control.
Nutritional indices and weight loss were
calculated.[16]
Weight loss (%WL) = (IW–FW)×100/IW, where
the IW is the initial weight and FW is the final
weight.
The grain protection due to application of
compounds was observed by calculating the
Feeding Deterrence Index using the formula.[17,18]
FDI (%) = (C–T)/(C+T)×100, where C is weight
loss in control and T is weight loss in treatment.
RESULTS
Contact Toxicity of Ionic Liquid against Adult
Insect Pests
The toxicity of cationic surfactant (3-(2-((3,7-
dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl)oxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1-
4. Brari and Thakur: Insecticidal properties of IL against stored pests
IJPBA/Oct-Dec-2021/Vol 12/Issue 4 166
methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride) against
S. paniceum, and T. castaneum adults exposed to
direct contact has been summarized in Table 1.
Ionic liquid at a highest concentration of 1.0 µl/cm2
proved to be most effective against S. paniceum
producing 64.40 ± 1.6 and 76.23 ± 1.9% mortality
after 48 and 72 h, respectively, while 62.32 ± 3.4
and 70.12 ± 3.5% mortality was obtained against
T. castaneum at similar concentration and time
intervals. Ionic liquid at 0.1 µl/cm2
obtained
34.21 ± 2.1% mortality against S. paniceum
that reached to 42.17 ± 2.1 % at an increased
concentration of 1.0 µl/cm2
after 12 h of treatment,
whereas 51.27 ± 1.8, 62.32 ± 3.2 and 70.12 ± 3.5%
mortality was obtained at 1.0 µl/cm2
followed by
42.29 ± 3.7, 55.29 ± 1.1 and 60.28 ± 1.3% after 24,
48 and 72 h at 0.1 µl/cm2
of ionic liquid against
T. castaneum. No mortality was obtained in control
at the same time intervals.
Larvicidal Activity of Ionic Liquid against
Insect Pests
Different concentrations of 10, 30 50 and 100
µl/ ml of ionic liquid resulted in larval mortality
of all insect pests. T. castaneum larvae were most
susceptible to all the doses of ionic liquid. At a
highest dose of 100 µl/ml of ionic liquid 80.08 ± 2.2
mortality was obtained among 8–10 day old larvae
followed by 68.17 ± 4.3% mortality for 18–20 day
old larvae of T. castaneum. The mortality decreased
to 75.30 ± 4.5% at 50 µl/ml followed by 72.34 ±
3.6 (30 µl/ml) and 70.24 ± 2.7 (10 µl /ml) against
8-10 day old larvae while mortality of 64.32 ± 2.5
(50 µl/ml), 56.28 ± 4.4 (30 µl/ml) and 52.12 ±
5.1% (10 µl/ml) was observed against 18–20 day
old larvae of T. castaneum.
For S. paniceum, 100 µl/ml of ionic liquid resulted
in 68.32 ± 1.8% mortality among 8–10 day old
larvae followed by 45.42 ± 3.5% mortality of 18-
20 day old larvae. Whereas 60.12 ± 2.2, 58.02
± 3.7 and 52.24 ± 5.5% mortality was obtained
against 8–10 day old larvae at 50, 30 and10 µl/ml
of ionic liquid followed by 42.18 ± 1.5, 38.12 ± 3.9
and 34.15 ± 4.4% mortality respectively against
18-20 day old larvae of S. paniceum at similar
concentrations. Ionic liquid proved to be less
effective against S. paniceum than T. castaneum
[Table 2].
Repellent Activity of Ionic Liquid against
Insect Pests
Ionic liquid showed remarkable repellency at
different doses of 2, 6 and 10 µl/cm2
against both
insect pests. For S. paniceum 75.45 ± 1.9, 80.28
± 2.4 and 56.35 ± 4.8% repellency was observed
at 10 µl/cm2
of ionic liquid after 3, 5 and 24 h
followed by a repellence of 66.42 ± 2.8, 72.26
± 1.4 and 35.56 ± 1.6% at a dose of 6 µl/cm2
while 55.30 ± 1.8, 67.22 ± 2.4 and 26.45 ± 1.6%
repellency was obtained at 2 µl/cm2
after same
time period. In T. castaneum 55.64 ± 1.2, 72.35
± 1.6 and 77.23 ± 2.8% repellency was obtained
at 2, 6 and 10 µl/cm2
of ionic liquid after 3 h
while 66.51 ± 2.1, 78.26 ± 1.8 and 81.40 ± 3.6%
repellence was observed after 5 h of exposure
at same concentrations. After 24 h of treatment
Table 1: Contact toxicity of ionic liquid against insect pests
Insect pests Doses
µl/cm2
% Mortality±SE
6 h 12 h 24 h 48 h 72 h
Stegobium paniceum 0.1 34.27±4.3a
34.21±2.1d
45.34±4.3d
55.04±1.3cd
65.25±4.1d
0.2 36.03±2.1a
38.11±1.9d
50.07±1.8a
60.34±2.2b
70.06±3.4a
0.6 36.33±1.3a
40.39±2.7b
52.10±2.4c
62.35±1.9b
72.43±2.5a
1.0 38.34±3.1a
42.17±2.1b
54.27±3.5c
64.40±1.6a
76.23±1.9a
Tribolium castaneum 0.1 30.33±3.3c
35.29±2.4d
42.293.7bc
55.29±1.1cd
60.28±1.3bc
0.2 32.06±1.8c
36.23±1.4d
45.30±1.4bc
57.16±2.9cd
64.08±45d
0.6 35.19±2.9a
38.11±1.1d
48.04±3.6a
59.34±1.4b
66.28±1.6d
1.0 38.30±1.6a
40.21±2.1b
51.27±1.8a
62.32±3.4b
70.12±3.5a
Control 0.00±0.00ab
0.00±0.00ab
0.00±0.00ab
0.00±0.00ab
0.00±0.00ab
% Values are mean (n=3)±SE. The means within a column followed by same letter are not significantly different from each other according to ANOVA and Tukey’s comparison
tests
5. Brari and Thakur: Insecticidal Properties of IL against Stored Pests
IJPBA/Oct-Dec-2021/Vol 12/Issue 4 167
repellence decreased to 30.40 ± 1.6, 40.47 ± 1.2
and 56.46 ± 1.2% at 2, 6 and 10 µl/ cm2
of ionic
liquid against T. castaneum [Table 3].
Antifeedant Activity of Ionic Liquid against
Insect Pests
The data in Table 4 showed that ionic liquid at
concentrations of 100 and 300 µl/g proved to be
effective seed protectant against both the insect
pests. In case of T. castaneum 87.99 ± 0.14 and
80.67 ± 0.21% FDI was recorded with 5.10 ±
0.30 and 7.15 ± 0.21% grain damage at 300 and
100 µl/g of ionic liquid, respectively, while 72.32
± 0.18% grain damage was observed in control for
T. castaneum. 65.59 ± 0.18 and 60.56 ± 0.30% FDI
was recorded with 7.36±0.21 and 18.15 ± 0.18%
grain damage at 300 and 100 µl/g of ionic liquid
as compared to control with 75.41 ± 0.35% grain
damage for S. paniceum.
DISCUSSION
Different concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.6 and
1 µl/cm2
of ionic liquid were tested for contact
activity against insect pests. Ionic liquid at a
highest concentration of 1.0 µl/cm2
proved to be
most effective against S. paniceum producing
76.23 ± 1.9% mortality after 72 h while
70.12 ± 3.5% mortality was obtained against
T. castaneum at similar concentration and time
intervals. Ionic liquid at a lowest concentration
of 0.1 µl/cm2
obtained 35.29 ± 2.4% mortality
against T. castaneum after 12 h while showed
34.21 ± 2.1 mortality against S. paniceum. Result
of this investigation were also similar and[5]
reported that ionic surfactant at concentrations of
5 and 10 µl showed 68–88% mortality towards
C. analis and 63 to 76% for S. oryzae after 24 h
of treatment.[19-22]
reported insect mortality under
laboratory conditions using various surfactants. In
a related study of ionic and nonionic surfactants,
Triton GR-7, Pronon 505, Catanac SN, and
Retzanol M-139 resulted in significant green
peach aphid mortality.[23]
Ionic liquid showed
remarkable repellency at different doses of 2, 6
and 10 µl/cm2
against all insect pests. At a highest
dose of 10 µl/cm2
showed highest repellency of
80.28 ± 2.4 and 81.40 ± 3.6 after 5 h that further
decreased to 53.35 ± 4.2 and 56.46 ± 1.2% after
24 h against S. paniceum and T. castaneum and
Table 2: Larvicidal activity of ionic liquid against insect
pests (Values are mean±SE)
Insect
pests
Doses
µl/ml
(% Mortality)
8–10 day
old larvae
18–20 day
old larvae
Tribolium
castaneum
10 70.24±2.7b
52.12±5.1a
30 72.34±3.6b
56.28±4.4b
50 75.30±4.5a
64.32±2.5c
100 80.08±2.2c
68.17±4.3c
Stegobium
paniceum
10 52.24±5.5bc
34.15±4.4bc
30 58.02±3.7d
38.12±3.9bc
50 60.12±2.2d
42.18±1.5bc
100 68.32±1.8d
45.42±3.5d
Control 0.00±0.00ab
0.00±0.00ab
% Values are mean (n=3)±SE. The means within a column followed by same letter
are not significantly different from each other according to ANOVA and Tukey’s
comparison tests
Table 3: Percentage repellency (mean±SE) of ionic liquid
against insect pests at different time intervals
Insect
pests
Time
(h)
Doses µl/cm2
2 µl/cm2
6 µl/cm2
10 µl/cm2
Stegobium
paniceum
1 50.14±4.2b
60.56±3.5c
68.50±3.6d
3 55.30±1.8d
66.42±2.8c
75.45±1.9d
5 67.22±2.4bc
72.26±1.4b
80.28±2.4a
24 26.45±1.6cd
35.56±1.6bc
56.35±4.2bc
Tribolium
castaneum
1 46.32±2.2b
60.46±2.5c
68.37±1.5d
3 55.64±1.2d
72.35±1.6b
77.23±2.8d
5 66.51±2.1bc
78.26±1.8cd
81.40±3.6a
24 30.40±1.6cd
40.47±1.2bc
56.46±1.2bc
% Values are mean (n=3)±SE. The means within a column followed by same letter
are not significantly different from each other according to ANOVA and Tukey’s
comparison tests
Table 4: Antifeedant activity of ionic liquid against insect
pests (Values are mean±SE)
Insect
pests
Doses
µl/g
Grain
damage
(%)
Weight
loss (%)
FDI (%)
Tribolium
castaneum
100 7.15±0.21a
5.16±0.15c
80.67±0.21c
300 5.10±0.30b
3.08±0.32b
87.99±0.14a
Control 72.32±0.18bc
48.25±0.37bc
‑
Stegobium
paniceum
100 18.15±0.18c
12.32±0.2cd
60.56±0.30b
300 7.36±0.21a
10.42±0.19d
65.59±0.18d
Control 75.41±0.35bc
50.16±0.19bc
‑
% Values are mean (n=3)±SE. The means within a column followed by same letter
are not significantly different from each other according to ANOVA and Tukey’s
comparison tests
6. Brari and Thakur: Insecticidal properties of IL against stored pests
IJPBA/Oct-Dec-2021/Vol 12/Issue 4 168
respectively. Larvicidal activity of ionic liquid was
also tested against insect pests. Highest mortality
of 80.08 ± 2.2% was obtained for 8–10 day old
larvae of T. castaneum followed by S. paniceum
(68.32 ± 1.8) and S. oryzae (64.31 ± 3.5) at 100
µl/ml of ionic liquid. The addition of surfactant
Silwet to a range of products aimed at controlling
Tetranychidae on grapevine increased the efficacy
against eggs, nymphs and adults between 4 and
22%.[24]
It also revealed good antifeedent activity
toward all insect species and 300 µl/g of ionic
liquid obtained 87.99 ± 0.14 and 65.59 ± 0.18 FDI
for T. castaneum and S. paniceum, respectively,
and a less grain damage was recorded as compared
to controls. Citronellol and ionic surfactant
showed better antifeedant action against S. oryzae
adults, a concentration of 10 μL/g rice kernels,
resulted in 65.21 and 60.24% reduction in feeding,
respectively.[5,25]
tested the effectiveness of ILs
as stored product insect antifeedants and also
compared the impact of cation and anion on the
antifeedant activity. Ionic surfactant exhibited a
more potent effect on food consumption rate than
nonionic surfactant.
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