Three fungal isolates - Thermomyces lanuginosus (TMDU1), Aspergillus sp.I (TMDU2), and Aspergillus sp.II (TMDU3) - were isolated from soil and plant debris samples that were able to produce xylanase enzymes. TMDU1 was identified as the best xylanase producer based on qualitative enzyme assays. The isolates were further characterized based on morphological properties and microscopic analysis. TMDU1 demonstrated changing colony colors and conidia distribution, and was confirmed as the most promising xylanase producer for future studies into its enzymatic capabilities.
The study investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of an aqueous leaf extract of Vitex negundo. Rat peritoneal cells and erythrocytes were used to study the effects. The extract inhibited nitric oxide production by rat peritoneal cells in a dose-dependent manner and also stabilized erythrocyte membranes, as shown by dose-dependent inhibition of heat-induced hemolysis. Higher concentrations of the extract were cytotoxic to rat peritoneal cells, while lower concentrations showed no cytotoxicity. The results suggest that the extract's anti-inflammatory activity is due to inhibition of nitric oxide production by immune cells and membrane stabilizing effects.
Isolation, Screening and Selection of Fungal Strains for Potential Cellulase ...inventionjournals
The present study was aimed to isolate, screen and identify the potential cellulase and xylanase producing fungi from the soil samples collected from different areas of Haryana. Total one hundred fifty one fungal isolates were isolated from these soil samples were then screened by using selective media (i.e. CMC and Xylan agar) in order to determine the potency of microbes in producing cellulase and xylanase which were indicated by clear zones formation around the cultures. This qualitative screening which showing greater cellulase and xylanase indexes were subjected to enzyme activity tests by Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Maximum enzyme production was achieved at 30°C, pH of 6.0 by Trichoderma atroviride on 5th day of incubation.
Isolation and characterization of coprophilous cellulolytic fungi from asian ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that isolated and characterized coprophilous (dung-loving) cellulolytic fungi from Asian elephant dung in Malaysia. Eight new fungi were isolated from elephant dung samples collected from a forest reserve, identified morphologically and through molecular analysis, and had their DNA sequences deposited in GenBank. Two isolates, Trichoderma aureoviride and Fusarium equiseti, showed potential for cellulase production when tested on carboxymethyl cellulose. The study suggests that natural environments like elephant dung harbor cellulolytic fungi that could provide cheaper cellulase enzymes for applications like biofuel production.
Antimicrobial activity of herbal productionkarimbscdu
The use of plants in treatment of burns, dermatophytes and infectious diseases is common in traditional medicine. The development of new antimicrobial agents against resistant pathogens is increasing interest. Therefore, the methanolic extracts from different parts of four medicinal plants used locally in folk medicine were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. It was found that most plant extracts studied had antibacterial and antifungal activities. The methanolic extract of leaf of the plant Azadiracta indica, Acacia nilotica and Witania somnifera showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherchia coli, stphaylocuccus aureus and pseudomonas fluorescence. Azadiracta indica and A.tinolica showed significant antifungal activity against A. flavus, Ziziphus mauritiana. The rhizome extract of curcuma longa showed significant activity against all tested bacteria and showed higher anti fungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides
ABSTRACT- The present study was planned to study the antimicrobial activity of different plant extract against selected microorganisms. The plants used in the present study were Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Withania somnifera (Ashwgandha), Santalum album (Chandan), Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). The extract from the leaves of these plants (are) used in malaria, bronchitis, gastric disorders, cough, cold etc. To test efficiency of some common plants extract against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. The present investigation is therefore, undertaken to test the efficiency of some of the common plant extracts against some plants and human pathogens, i.e. E. coli and S. aureus. In this project work, we studied the different parts of medicinal plants of Latur, Osmanabad region used for curing different type of diseases specially skin diseases. Some plants have active components which show antimicrobial activity. These Herbal plants are beneficial to human being in therapeutic practice. Skin diseases are difficult conditions to live with, to save the very least. Though some skin diseases may cause minimal discomfort, the visual effects of the conditions can cause significant self esteem and confidence issues. The majority of skin diseases cause scarring or disfigurement. Skin diseases run the gambit from barely noticeable to fatal.
Key-words- Medicinal plants, Antimicrobial activity, Antifungal activity
Phytochemical Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Andrographispaniculataiosrjce
The Herbal medicine today ensures safety in contrast to the synthetic preparations. Herbs the Nature’s
Physician, have been reported as an important source of medicine for years and years. Using of herbs for
curing diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition.Recently, wide
research proposals highlight the property of medico potential from phytalsources. My herb of interest is also the
above said, ofcourseAndrographispaniculata (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of
various ailments, which has been documented in history of all civilizations. The present study is to learn the
phytochemical properties and the antimicrobial activity of the above using disc diffusion method
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Dioon spi...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial studies of leaf and rachis of Dioon spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrate, and phenols, whereas saponin was absent. The phenolic content expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent was determined and was more in methanolic extract of leaf (29.40 mg) than rachis (8.76 mg). Flavonoid contents were also greater in leaves than in rachis and methanol extract contained higher content (2.812 mg/g) than water (1.923 mg/g). Terpenoids were more in the aqueous extracts of both leaf and rachis when compared to methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity of both leaf and rachis extracts was conducted using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Leaf extract showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 130 μg/ml when compared to the rachis of D. spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The reducing capability of the leaf extract was found to be more when compared to rachis. The antibacterial potential was evaluated with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans by agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was observed only at higher concentration (1000 μg/ml) with inhibition zones of 12 mm and 13 mm.
The document discusses a study that analyzed 18 grape hybrids and 7 parents from India using 12 microsatellite markers. The goals were to confirm the hybrid nature of the progenies and construct a molecular database of the parents. Cluster analysis grouped the parents and hybrids into two major groups based on genetic relationships. Three markers (VVMD-32, VVS-29, and VVS-2) were able to confirm the hybrid nature of all progenies by detecting polymorphisms between the male and female parents that were then present in the hybrids. The study confirmed the reliability of using microsatellite markers for parentage analysis and genetic studies in grapevines.
The study investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of an aqueous leaf extract of Vitex negundo. Rat peritoneal cells and erythrocytes were used to study the effects. The extract inhibited nitric oxide production by rat peritoneal cells in a dose-dependent manner and also stabilized erythrocyte membranes, as shown by dose-dependent inhibition of heat-induced hemolysis. Higher concentrations of the extract were cytotoxic to rat peritoneal cells, while lower concentrations showed no cytotoxicity. The results suggest that the extract's anti-inflammatory activity is due to inhibition of nitric oxide production by immune cells and membrane stabilizing effects.
Isolation, Screening and Selection of Fungal Strains for Potential Cellulase ...inventionjournals
The present study was aimed to isolate, screen and identify the potential cellulase and xylanase producing fungi from the soil samples collected from different areas of Haryana. Total one hundred fifty one fungal isolates were isolated from these soil samples were then screened by using selective media (i.e. CMC and Xylan agar) in order to determine the potency of microbes in producing cellulase and xylanase which were indicated by clear zones formation around the cultures. This qualitative screening which showing greater cellulase and xylanase indexes were subjected to enzyme activity tests by Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Maximum enzyme production was achieved at 30°C, pH of 6.0 by Trichoderma atroviride on 5th day of incubation.
Isolation and characterization of coprophilous cellulolytic fungi from asian ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that isolated and characterized coprophilous (dung-loving) cellulolytic fungi from Asian elephant dung in Malaysia. Eight new fungi were isolated from elephant dung samples collected from a forest reserve, identified morphologically and through molecular analysis, and had their DNA sequences deposited in GenBank. Two isolates, Trichoderma aureoviride and Fusarium equiseti, showed potential for cellulase production when tested on carboxymethyl cellulose. The study suggests that natural environments like elephant dung harbor cellulolytic fungi that could provide cheaper cellulase enzymes for applications like biofuel production.
Antimicrobial activity of herbal productionkarimbscdu
The use of plants in treatment of burns, dermatophytes and infectious diseases is common in traditional medicine. The development of new antimicrobial agents against resistant pathogens is increasing interest. Therefore, the methanolic extracts from different parts of four medicinal plants used locally in folk medicine were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. It was found that most plant extracts studied had antibacterial and antifungal activities. The methanolic extract of leaf of the plant Azadiracta indica, Acacia nilotica and Witania somnifera showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherchia coli, stphaylocuccus aureus and pseudomonas fluorescence. Azadiracta indica and A.tinolica showed significant antifungal activity against A. flavus, Ziziphus mauritiana. The rhizome extract of curcuma longa showed significant activity against all tested bacteria and showed higher anti fungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides
ABSTRACT- The present study was planned to study the antimicrobial activity of different plant extract against selected microorganisms. The plants used in the present study were Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Withania somnifera (Ashwgandha), Santalum album (Chandan), Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). The extract from the leaves of these plants (are) used in malaria, bronchitis, gastric disorders, cough, cold etc. To test efficiency of some common plants extract against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. The present investigation is therefore, undertaken to test the efficiency of some of the common plant extracts against some plants and human pathogens, i.e. E. coli and S. aureus. In this project work, we studied the different parts of medicinal plants of Latur, Osmanabad region used for curing different type of diseases specially skin diseases. Some plants have active components which show antimicrobial activity. These Herbal plants are beneficial to human being in therapeutic practice. Skin diseases are difficult conditions to live with, to save the very least. Though some skin diseases may cause minimal discomfort, the visual effects of the conditions can cause significant self esteem and confidence issues. The majority of skin diseases cause scarring or disfigurement. Skin diseases run the gambit from barely noticeable to fatal.
Key-words- Medicinal plants, Antimicrobial activity, Antifungal activity
Phytochemical Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Andrographispaniculataiosrjce
The Herbal medicine today ensures safety in contrast to the synthetic preparations. Herbs the Nature’s
Physician, have been reported as an important source of medicine for years and years. Using of herbs for
curing diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition.Recently, wide
research proposals highlight the property of medico potential from phytalsources. My herb of interest is also the
above said, ofcourseAndrographispaniculata (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of
various ailments, which has been documented in history of all civilizations. The present study is to learn the
phytochemical properties and the antimicrobial activity of the above using disc diffusion method
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Dioon spi...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial studies of leaf and rachis of Dioon spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrate, and phenols, whereas saponin was absent. The phenolic content expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent was determined and was more in methanolic extract of leaf (29.40 mg) than rachis (8.76 mg). Flavonoid contents were also greater in leaves than in rachis and methanol extract contained higher content (2.812 mg/g) than water (1.923 mg/g). Terpenoids were more in the aqueous extracts of both leaf and rachis when compared to methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity of both leaf and rachis extracts was conducted using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Leaf extract showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 130 μg/ml when compared to the rachis of D. spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The reducing capability of the leaf extract was found to be more when compared to rachis. The antibacterial potential was evaluated with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans by agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was observed only at higher concentration (1000 μg/ml) with inhibition zones of 12 mm and 13 mm.
The document discusses a study that analyzed 18 grape hybrids and 7 parents from India using 12 microsatellite markers. The goals were to confirm the hybrid nature of the progenies and construct a molecular database of the parents. Cluster analysis grouped the parents and hybrids into two major groups based on genetic relationships. Three markers (VVMD-32, VVS-29, and VVS-2) were able to confirm the hybrid nature of all progenies by detecting polymorphisms between the male and female parents that were then present in the hybrids. The study confirmed the reliability of using microsatellite markers for parentage analysis and genetic studies in grapevines.
Effect of basal medium on in vitro leaf morphology, growth and artemisinin pr...Alexander Decker
The document examines the effect of different basal media on the growth, morphology, and artemisinin production of in vitro Artemisia annua plantlets. Five basal media (MS, WM, LV, B5, and NN) were tested. The basal media had different effects on plantlet growth, leaf trichome and stomata formation, and artemisinin content. B5 medium promoted the best growth for all clones tested. Trichome numbers and stomata formation varied between media and leaf surfaces. Artemisinin production was also affected by the choice of basal medium.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali ...researchplantsciences
In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,.The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.
Article Citation:
Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 027-031.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0003.pdf
ABSTRACT- Systemic and Scientific investigation was carried out for identification, selection, characterization of popularly grown medicinal plants in and around Patna and their phytochemical analysis was carried out to assess their medicinal value potentialities. The traditional medicine involves the uses of different plant extracts or the phytochemical bioactive constituents, which provides the health application at an affordable cost. Secondary metabolites are responsible for medicinal activity of plants. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these plants confirm the presence of various phytochemicals like saponins, terpenoids, steroids, anthocyanins, coumarins, fatty acids, tannins, leucoanthocyanins and emodins etc. The result suggest that the phytochemical properties for curing various ailments and possess potential antioxidant, which may leads to the isolation of new and novel secondary compounds for generation of new drugs. Knowledge of the phytochemical constituents of plants are desirable because such information will be of value for the synthesis of complex chemical substances. Out of 50 medicinal plants subjected to phytochemical screening 11 were found to be highly potential,18 moderately potential and 21 to be least potential on the basis of presence of phytochemicals in the leaf extract for secondary metabolites.
Key-words- Phytochemical screening; Medicinal plants; Secondary metabolites
Evaluation of Selected Botanical Extracts against Subterranean Termite, Copto...Premier Publishers
Coptoterme formosanus is an economically important agricultural and structural pest of warm and humid regions of the world. The main objective of the study was evaluate seed extracts of Brassica nigra and leaves extracts of Acokantra schimperi, Croton macrostachyus and Rhamnus prinoides against C. formosanus workers under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Treatments were consisted of three concentrations levels (5, 10 and 15 weight of botanical powder (g) per 100 ml volume of water) by three replications. Mortality of termite was counted after 24, 48 and 72 hours exposure for both conditions. The results of all botanical extracts at all concentration levels showed that caused mortality of C. formosanus workers. Complete mortality (100%) of C. formosanus was observed after treatment with 15 w/v B. nigra extract at three time intervals under both laboratory and semi-field conditions. Moreover, A. schimperi at 15 w/v concentration also resulted 100% mortality after 48-72 hours of exposure. Brassica nigra extract showed least LC50 (5.63g/100ml) value than other botanical extracts after 24 hours exposure under laboratory condition. Based on their toxicity status extracts of B. nigra > A. schmperi > R. prinoides > C. macrostachyus leaf extracts.
Effect of alcoholic &water extracts of costusspeciosus (koen.)some species of...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that tested the effect of alcoholic and water extracts of Costus speciosus (Koen.) on the growth of common fungal species that cause pulmonary mycotic infections, including Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus, and A. terreus. The extracts were tested at different concentrations for their ability to inhibit radial growth on culture media, reduce dry weight of fungal cultures, and decrease spore germination. Results showed that the alcoholic extract significantly inhibited radial growth and reduced dry weight and spore germination at all concentrations tested, in a dose-dependent manner, more so than the water extract. Both extracts showed antifungal properties
ABSTRACT- Mosquito-borne diseases have intruded the globe since immemorial time. The present scenario for
commanding the mosquitoes is aimed at application of target and stage-specific, cost-effective and biodegradable
phytoproducts. Plant extracts are safer for non-target organisms including man. Plant based formulations would be more
feasible environmental products with proven potential as insecticide. Therefore, in the present study of larvicidal
activity of biologically active compound Apigenin extracted from leaf of Jatropha gossypifolia against the filarial
vector, Culex quinquefasciatus was studied. Standard WHO protocols with minor modifications was adopted for the
larvicidal bioassay. The active compound Apigenin extracted through ethyl alcohol solvent from the leaf of Jatropha
gossypifolia plant of family Euphorbiaceae was administered for 24h or 96h to the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.
Exposure of larvae over 24h to sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC50) of apigenin, significantly (P<0.05) altered the
level of total protein, total free amino acid, glycogen and activity of enzymes acetyl cholinesterase, acid and alkaline
phosphatase activity in whole body tissue of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The alterations in all these biochemical
parameters were significantly (P<0.05) time and dose dependent.
Key-words- Jatropha gossypifolia, Euphorbiaceae, Culex quinquefasciatus, biochemical effects, Wuchereria bancrofti
Mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf and seed extracts of Lantana camara on A...researchanimalsciences
Background and Objectives: This paper reports the toxicity of Lantana camara to developmental stages of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Aqueous extracts of leaf and seed of the plant were also tested for their effect on the hatchability of mosquito egg and age at pupation and emergence.
Methods: Different concentrations of aqueous leaf and seed extract were prepared. The data of mortality rate were subjected to finney’s method of probit analysis. The plant was also tested for their effect on the hatchability of mosquito eggs.
Results: Percent log LC50 / 24 h values of the leaf and seed extracts of L. camara to IV instar larvae were 2.25 and 2.25 respectively. Percent hatchability of mosquito eggs was remarkably reduced when treated with higher concentration of the toxicants. Extended time of pupation and emergence was observed for the larvae reared in different concentrations of the plant extract.
Conclusion: The results suggested that leaf and seed extract of Lantana camera possessed remarkable larvicidal, ovicidal, and prolonged time of pupation and adult emergence against Aedes aegypti.
Article Citation:
Sathya K, Mohanraj RS, Dhanakkodi B .
Mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf and seed extracts of Lantana camara on Aedes aegypti.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(2): 040-047.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0013.pdf
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities Of Algerian Populus Nigra L. Buds Ex...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet - mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria. In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
his study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet - mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria. In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC= 90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for hydroethanol extract.
This document evaluates the antimicrobial activity of extracts from the leaves of Vernonia glabra and roots of Securidaca longepedunculata, which are traditionally used in Malawi to treat bacterial infections. Aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts as well as dichloromethane, hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion and micro broth dilution methods. Results showed that V. glabra acetone leaf extracts were effective against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, while S. longepedunculata
This study aimed to isolate and characterize novel pectinase-producing fungal strains for fruit juice clarification and extraction. Various substrates were tested for solid-state fermentation to produce pectinase enzymes. Orange peel proved the best substrate, yielding the highest pectinase activity of 0.76 IU/ml after 24 hours of incubation at 30°C, 5ml inoculum volume, and pH 4. The isolated fungal strain and optimized fermentation conditions were used to clarify fruit juices and extract juice from pulp more efficiently.
RAPD Analysis Of Rapidly Multiplied In Vitro Plantlets of Anthurium Andreanum...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that analyzed genetic variation in Anthurium andreanum plantlets multiplied through in vitro culture. Seeds were germinated and a single plantlet was cultured on MS medium supplemented with hormones and used as the mother plant. Shoots were transferred to four media including MS medium and proliferated over 10 cycles. RAPD analysis found the mother plant was genetically identical to plantlets in some media but unique band patterns in others indicated mutations, showing in vitro culture induced genetic variability compared to the original mother plant.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS PLANTS EXTRACTSsin74
The document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activity of various plant extracts against common pathogenic microorganisms. The study tested aqueous extracts of myrtle, harmal, henna, thyme, and fenugreek against bacteria (Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E. coli, Proteus, Staphylococcus) and the yeast Candida. The myrtle extract showed the strongest inhibition of all microbes at 5% concentration. The harmal extract inhibited bacteria at 10% concentration except Candida which was inhibited at 20%. The henna extract inhibited bacteria at 20% except Candida was resistant. Thyme only inhibited 2 bacteria at 20% while others were resistant. Fen
It's time to say 'bye' to KPIs - An introduction to DBPMCamryn Brown
The business environment is increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA). Decision-making is an ever more difficult task - it must be effective and fast! As such, decision-makers now need more than an "indication" of what factors are key to understanding and managing performance. They need information that is accurate, complete, timely *and* that is ready-to-use without leaps of interpretation or inference.
The good news is that EY has a market-leading method to design and deliver the context and connectedness that transform indicators into truly useful decision-making insights. Our Driver-based Performance Management (DBPM) method identifies the internal and external factors that have a quantifiable impact on performance against strategy and quantifies those impacts.
This results in a structured model of business performance, which is more useful in much the same way that a completed jigsaw puzzle is more easily interpreted than a jumble of jigsaw pieces. Used consistently across backwards- and forwards-looking performance processes, debate can focus on the decision rather the data and what it might mean.
In Spring 2013, we are on the precipice of dramatic, disruptive change in the health field that offers an unprecedented opportunity and challenge to transform health care and population health.
We know that traditional public health approaches along with more and better health care are not enough to improve health outcomes, equity, and cost. We must also:
- implement sustainable, fundamental "upstream" changes that address the root causes of disease and disability; and
- transform the way we deliver health care to ensure access to quality, affordable health care for all.
Enjoy this Bright Spot presentation from Ron Davis, Police Chief of East Palo Alto, ST Mayer of the San Mateo County Health System, and Sarah Lawrence of the Warren Institute on Law and Social Policy, UC Berkeley, which was presented at the 2013 Annual Leadership Conference, co-sponsored by the Center for Health Leadership (CHL) and the California Pacific Public Health Training Center (CALPACT) at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health.
To learn more about this event, please visit:
http://calpact.org/index.php/en/events/leadership-conference
Learn more about CALPACT:
http://calpact.org/
Learn more about the CHL:
http://chl.berkeley.edu/
This document summarizes a presentation on women and tobacco use globally. It finds that while smoking rates have declined among adult women, they have risen among teenage girls. Smoking-related diseases are becoming more prevalent in women. While women smoke less than men, their health risks from smoking are higher. Smoking may increase women's risks for osteoporosis, reproductive issues, and breast cancer. Quitting smoking may also be harder for women due to concerns like weight gain. A global, multi-pronged approach is needed to address this challenge.
A blood transfusion is the transfer of blood or blood products from a donor to a recipient. Transfusions are used to replace lost blood cells, increase oxygen-carrying capacity, or improve immunity. Blood can come from autologous donation by the recipient in advance or from volunteer/designated donors. All blood is tested and must match the recipient's type to avoid reactions. During a transfusion the blood is administered intravenously while monitoring for side effects.
Effect of basal medium on in vitro leaf morphology, growth and artemisinin pr...Alexander Decker
The document examines the effect of different basal media on the growth, morphology, and artemisinin production of in vitro Artemisia annua plantlets. Five basal media (MS, WM, LV, B5, and NN) were tested. The basal media had different effects on plantlet growth, leaf trichome and stomata formation, and artemisinin content. B5 medium promoted the best growth for all clones tested. Trichome numbers and stomata formation varied between media and leaf surfaces. Artemisinin production was also affected by the choice of basal medium.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali ...researchplantsciences
In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,.The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.
Article Citation:
Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 027-031.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0003.pdf
ABSTRACT- Systemic and Scientific investigation was carried out for identification, selection, characterization of popularly grown medicinal plants in and around Patna and their phytochemical analysis was carried out to assess their medicinal value potentialities. The traditional medicine involves the uses of different plant extracts or the phytochemical bioactive constituents, which provides the health application at an affordable cost. Secondary metabolites are responsible for medicinal activity of plants. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these plants confirm the presence of various phytochemicals like saponins, terpenoids, steroids, anthocyanins, coumarins, fatty acids, tannins, leucoanthocyanins and emodins etc. The result suggest that the phytochemical properties for curing various ailments and possess potential antioxidant, which may leads to the isolation of new and novel secondary compounds for generation of new drugs. Knowledge of the phytochemical constituents of plants are desirable because such information will be of value for the synthesis of complex chemical substances. Out of 50 medicinal plants subjected to phytochemical screening 11 were found to be highly potential,18 moderately potential and 21 to be least potential on the basis of presence of phytochemicals in the leaf extract for secondary metabolites.
Key-words- Phytochemical screening; Medicinal plants; Secondary metabolites
Evaluation of Selected Botanical Extracts against Subterranean Termite, Copto...Premier Publishers
Coptoterme formosanus is an economically important agricultural and structural pest of warm and humid regions of the world. The main objective of the study was evaluate seed extracts of Brassica nigra and leaves extracts of Acokantra schimperi, Croton macrostachyus and Rhamnus prinoides against C. formosanus workers under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Treatments were consisted of three concentrations levels (5, 10 and 15 weight of botanical powder (g) per 100 ml volume of water) by three replications. Mortality of termite was counted after 24, 48 and 72 hours exposure for both conditions. The results of all botanical extracts at all concentration levels showed that caused mortality of C. formosanus workers. Complete mortality (100%) of C. formosanus was observed after treatment with 15 w/v B. nigra extract at three time intervals under both laboratory and semi-field conditions. Moreover, A. schimperi at 15 w/v concentration also resulted 100% mortality after 48-72 hours of exposure. Brassica nigra extract showed least LC50 (5.63g/100ml) value than other botanical extracts after 24 hours exposure under laboratory condition. Based on their toxicity status extracts of B. nigra > A. schmperi > R. prinoides > C. macrostachyus leaf extracts.
Effect of alcoholic &water extracts of costusspeciosus (koen.)some species of...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that tested the effect of alcoholic and water extracts of Costus speciosus (Koen.) on the growth of common fungal species that cause pulmonary mycotic infections, including Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus, and A. terreus. The extracts were tested at different concentrations for their ability to inhibit radial growth on culture media, reduce dry weight of fungal cultures, and decrease spore germination. Results showed that the alcoholic extract significantly inhibited radial growth and reduced dry weight and spore germination at all concentrations tested, in a dose-dependent manner, more so than the water extract. Both extracts showed antifungal properties
ABSTRACT- Mosquito-borne diseases have intruded the globe since immemorial time. The present scenario for
commanding the mosquitoes is aimed at application of target and stage-specific, cost-effective and biodegradable
phytoproducts. Plant extracts are safer for non-target organisms including man. Plant based formulations would be more
feasible environmental products with proven potential as insecticide. Therefore, in the present study of larvicidal
activity of biologically active compound Apigenin extracted from leaf of Jatropha gossypifolia against the filarial
vector, Culex quinquefasciatus was studied. Standard WHO protocols with minor modifications was adopted for the
larvicidal bioassay. The active compound Apigenin extracted through ethyl alcohol solvent from the leaf of Jatropha
gossypifolia plant of family Euphorbiaceae was administered for 24h or 96h to the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.
Exposure of larvae over 24h to sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC50) of apigenin, significantly (P<0.05) altered the
level of total protein, total free amino acid, glycogen and activity of enzymes acetyl cholinesterase, acid and alkaline
phosphatase activity in whole body tissue of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The alterations in all these biochemical
parameters were significantly (P<0.05) time and dose dependent.
Key-words- Jatropha gossypifolia, Euphorbiaceae, Culex quinquefasciatus, biochemical effects, Wuchereria bancrofti
Mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf and seed extracts of Lantana camara on A...researchanimalsciences
Background and Objectives: This paper reports the toxicity of Lantana camara to developmental stages of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Aqueous extracts of leaf and seed of the plant were also tested for their effect on the hatchability of mosquito egg and age at pupation and emergence.
Methods: Different concentrations of aqueous leaf and seed extract were prepared. The data of mortality rate were subjected to finney’s method of probit analysis. The plant was also tested for their effect on the hatchability of mosquito eggs.
Results: Percent log LC50 / 24 h values of the leaf and seed extracts of L. camara to IV instar larvae were 2.25 and 2.25 respectively. Percent hatchability of mosquito eggs was remarkably reduced when treated with higher concentration of the toxicants. Extended time of pupation and emergence was observed for the larvae reared in different concentrations of the plant extract.
Conclusion: The results suggested that leaf and seed extract of Lantana camera possessed remarkable larvicidal, ovicidal, and prolonged time of pupation and adult emergence against Aedes aegypti.
Article Citation:
Sathya K, Mohanraj RS, Dhanakkodi B .
Mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf and seed extracts of Lantana camara on Aedes aegypti.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(2): 040-047.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0013.pdf
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities Of Algerian Populus Nigra L. Buds Ex...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet - mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria. In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
his study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet - mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria. In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC= 90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for hydroethanol extract.
This document evaluates the antimicrobial activity of extracts from the leaves of Vernonia glabra and roots of Securidaca longepedunculata, which are traditionally used in Malawi to treat bacterial infections. Aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts as well as dichloromethane, hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion and micro broth dilution methods. Results showed that V. glabra acetone leaf extracts were effective against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, while S. longepedunculata
This study aimed to isolate and characterize novel pectinase-producing fungal strains for fruit juice clarification and extraction. Various substrates were tested for solid-state fermentation to produce pectinase enzymes. Orange peel proved the best substrate, yielding the highest pectinase activity of 0.76 IU/ml after 24 hours of incubation at 30°C, 5ml inoculum volume, and pH 4. The isolated fungal strain and optimized fermentation conditions were used to clarify fruit juices and extract juice from pulp more efficiently.
RAPD Analysis Of Rapidly Multiplied In Vitro Plantlets of Anthurium Andreanum...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that analyzed genetic variation in Anthurium andreanum plantlets multiplied through in vitro culture. Seeds were germinated and a single plantlet was cultured on MS medium supplemented with hormones and used as the mother plant. Shoots were transferred to four media including MS medium and proliferated over 10 cycles. RAPD analysis found the mother plant was genetically identical to plantlets in some media but unique band patterns in others indicated mutations, showing in vitro culture induced genetic variability compared to the original mother plant.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS PLANTS EXTRACTSsin74
The document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activity of various plant extracts against common pathogenic microorganisms. The study tested aqueous extracts of myrtle, harmal, henna, thyme, and fenugreek against bacteria (Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E. coli, Proteus, Staphylococcus) and the yeast Candida. The myrtle extract showed the strongest inhibition of all microbes at 5% concentration. The harmal extract inhibited bacteria at 10% concentration except Candida which was inhibited at 20%. The henna extract inhibited bacteria at 20% except Candida was resistant. Thyme only inhibited 2 bacteria at 20% while others were resistant. Fen
It's time to say 'bye' to KPIs - An introduction to DBPMCamryn Brown
The business environment is increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA). Decision-making is an ever more difficult task - it must be effective and fast! As such, decision-makers now need more than an "indication" of what factors are key to understanding and managing performance. They need information that is accurate, complete, timely *and* that is ready-to-use without leaps of interpretation or inference.
The good news is that EY has a market-leading method to design and deliver the context and connectedness that transform indicators into truly useful decision-making insights. Our Driver-based Performance Management (DBPM) method identifies the internal and external factors that have a quantifiable impact on performance against strategy and quantifies those impacts.
This results in a structured model of business performance, which is more useful in much the same way that a completed jigsaw puzzle is more easily interpreted than a jumble of jigsaw pieces. Used consistently across backwards- and forwards-looking performance processes, debate can focus on the decision rather the data and what it might mean.
In Spring 2013, we are on the precipice of dramatic, disruptive change in the health field that offers an unprecedented opportunity and challenge to transform health care and population health.
We know that traditional public health approaches along with more and better health care are not enough to improve health outcomes, equity, and cost. We must also:
- implement sustainable, fundamental "upstream" changes that address the root causes of disease and disability; and
- transform the way we deliver health care to ensure access to quality, affordable health care for all.
Enjoy this Bright Spot presentation from Ron Davis, Police Chief of East Palo Alto, ST Mayer of the San Mateo County Health System, and Sarah Lawrence of the Warren Institute on Law and Social Policy, UC Berkeley, which was presented at the 2013 Annual Leadership Conference, co-sponsored by the Center for Health Leadership (CHL) and the California Pacific Public Health Training Center (CALPACT) at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health.
To learn more about this event, please visit:
http://calpact.org/index.php/en/events/leadership-conference
Learn more about CALPACT:
http://calpact.org/
Learn more about the CHL:
http://chl.berkeley.edu/
This document summarizes a presentation on women and tobacco use globally. It finds that while smoking rates have declined among adult women, they have risen among teenage girls. Smoking-related diseases are becoming more prevalent in women. While women smoke less than men, their health risks from smoking are higher. Smoking may increase women's risks for osteoporosis, reproductive issues, and breast cancer. Quitting smoking may also be harder for women due to concerns like weight gain. A global, multi-pronged approach is needed to address this challenge.
A blood transfusion is the transfer of blood or blood products from a donor to a recipient. Transfusions are used to replace lost blood cells, increase oxygen-carrying capacity, or improve immunity. Blood can come from autologous donation by the recipient in advance or from volunteer/designated donors. All blood is tested and must match the recipient's type to avoid reactions. During a transfusion the blood is administered intravenously while monitoring for side effects.
Human resources plays an important role in the working environment by handling budget control, conflict resolution, and performance improvement. HR allows management to focus on their core jobs by strategically hiring the right people, protecting both front line staff and upper management, and ensuring fair treatment and disciplinary actions. HR also helps employees understand expectations of their job functions.
This document appears to be a chapter from a Mandarin Chinese textbook titled "Flash Card Intermediate 1". It contains flashcards with Mandarin words and phrases related to photography, including terms like "taking photos", "scenery", "reflection", "group photo", "actor", "size", "in front of", "eggplant", "camera lens cover", "waste", "expression", "photo", "first-rate", "wash", "blurry", "transparent", "photo developing store", "film", "negative", "other people", and "work". The chapter seems focused on vocabulary for discussing and taking photographs.
This document discusses simulations of diesel generator exhaust plumes near a high-rise building. Initial simulations found plumes could enter nearby air handling units. Later simulations examined plume impacts on building materials and a maintenance unit. Measurements of real plumes found model inaccuracies in near-field plume behavior. Solutions considered positioning exhaust stacks to minimize heat impacts while meeting space constraints. The final solution was a compromise flue location balancing dispersion and maintenance unit operation.
The document discusses competency models and frameworks for human resources (HR). It defines competencies as underlying characteristics like skills, knowledge, and attitudes that result in effective job performance. An HR competency model consists of competencies, proficiency levels, and behavioral indicators to describe successful performance. The document provides examples of HR competency models and frameworks, including core HR competencies and roles like strategic partner, employee advocate, and functional expert. It also discusses how competency models can be developed and linked to HR systems.
Isolation, Screening and Selection of Fungal Strains for Potential Cellulase ...inventionjournals
The present study was aimed to isolate, screen and identify the potential cellulase and xylanase producing fungi from the soil samples collected from different areas of Haryana. Total one hundred fifty one fungal isolates were isolated from these soil samples were then screened by using selective media (i.e. CMC and Xylan agar) in order to determine the potency of microbes in producing cellulase and xylanase which were indicated by clear zones formation around the cultures. This qualitative screening which showing greater cellulase and xylanase indexes were subjected to enzyme activity tests by Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Maximum enzyme production was achieved at 30°C, pH of 6.0 by Trichoderma atroviride on 5th day of incubation.
Trichosporon sp. are widely distributed in nature and can predominantly be found in the environmental substrates, such as soil, birds, vegetables, water, and decomposing wood. These fungi can colonize skin and, less frequently, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of humans. Currently, the genus Trichosporon sp. is considered one of the most important emerging causes of invasive infection in immune compromised patients, with T. asahii being the most frequently reported species. In this study, T. asahii was procured from MTCC and its sensitivity was checked against different solvents (Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone, and Chloroform) of Iris ensata, a medicinal plant. Zone of inhibition and MIC were evaluated using Agar well diffusion assay and Tube dilution broth assay. Ketoconazole and Nystatin B were used as positive controls. Phytochemical screening was done to determine the phytochemicals present in the plant. The methanol extract was found to be most effective compared to other solvent extracts and positive controls. Phytochemicals play a major role in this anti Trichosporon activity. Key-words- Yeast infection, Trichosporon, Medicinal plant, Phytochemicals test
Phytochemical Analysis of some Macrophytes of Lake Kondakarla, Visakhapatnam ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of Terminalia arjuna bark ethanol extractOpen Access Research Paper
Stem bark of the plant Terminalia arjuna were extracted in 50% ethanol to evaluate for centrally acting analgesic potential using formalin, hot plate and peripheral pharmacological actions using acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. The extract of the plant were found to have significant (p<0.01) analgesic activity at the oral dose of 250 & 500 mg/kg body weight, in the tested models. In hot plate test, at both dose levels (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), T. arjuna extract showed significant (p<0.001) increased latency period than the control group. In acetic acid induced writhing test and formalin test T. arjuna also showed reduced number of writhes than the control group at two dose levels which are significant (p<0.05) compared to control. The results obtained support the use of stem bark of T.arjuna in painful conditions acting both centrally and peripherally.
- Experiments tested the effect of extracellular self-DNA (exDNA) and heterologous DNA on the growth of 6 species from different taxonomic groups, including bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, protozoa and insects.
- Treatments with conspecific exDNA produced a concentration-dependent growth inhibition in all species, whereas heterologous DNA did not cause inhibition except in one bacterial species.
- The results suggest exDNA may have a general inhibitory effect on biological systems, providing a potential mechanism for self-inhibition and negative feedback observed in different organisms. Further investigation is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms of this effect.
Effects of roasting on the total phenolic contents and radical scavenging act...Innspub Net
This study investigated the effects of roasting on the total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of three fruit seeds: Prunus domestica, Prunus armeniaca, and Prunus persica. Seeds were roasted at 160°C for 1, 2, or 3 hours. Total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity were highest at different time points for each seed. For P. domestica, phenolic content was highest at 1 hour (554 mg/100g) and radical scavenging activity was highest at 1 hour (48%). For P. armeniaca, phenolic content was highest at 2 hours (684 mg/100g) and radical scavenging activity
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant
activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet
- mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria.
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 μg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 μg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220μg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
This study analyzed five barley cultivars to compare their alkylresorcinol content and composition. Alkylresorcinols were isolated from acetone extracts of barley grains and identified through chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis. The predominant homologues were C21:0, C19:0 and C25:0. While compositions were similar between cultivars, concentrations depended on environmental and agricultural factors. The study aimed to assess barley cultivars for their nutritional value regarding alkylresorcinol content.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant
activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet
- mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria.
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant
activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet
- mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria.
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
Assessment of Endophytic Fungal Flora Responsible for Plant Growth Promotion...Sryahwa Publications
The present paper discusses the highest colonization of fungal endophytes as Alternaria speciesin comparison with Colletotrichumspecies and Fusarium species in all three plants Pongamia pinnata, Securinega leucopyrus and Rhus mysorensis. These endophytic fungi protect these plants from various
environmental factors such as temperature, moisture and other environmental factors.
This article evaluates solvent extracted compounds from three edible mushrooms (Auricularia polytricha, Lentinulla edodes, and Volvariella volvacea) for antifungal properties against phytopathogenic fungi. Ethyl acetate was found to be the best solvent for extracting antimicrobial substances. Thin layer chromatography revealed several compounds extracted from the mushrooms. SDS-PAGE profiling of V. volvacea showed various antimicrobial proteins above 45 kDa molecular weight, including thaumatin-like glycoproteins.
Anti-Oxidant and Antimicrobial Studies of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi/Giloy...SUS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
Plants produce a diverse range of bioactive molecules, making them a rich source of
different types of medicines and healing properties. The present study was aimed to
evaluate the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial properties of stem and root of T. cordifolia.
Total phenolic contents of different solvent extracts were determined and found that ethanol
extract had the highest phenolic content of 0.3213 mg g-1. Antioxidant assays were also
carried out by using different in vitro models such as total reducing power, hydrogen
peroxide scavenging activity assay and hydroxyl redical scavenging activity. The Ethanol
extract showed the highest total antioxidant activity. The H2O2 scavenging and hydroxyl
free radical scavenging activity was maximum 87.2 % and 91.0% found in case of ethanolic
steam extract respectively. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and methanolic extract of
root and stem of T. cordifolia were also evaluated against some pathogenic microorganisms
viz. E. coli, B. subtilis, A. niger and Candida sp. it was found that the various concentration
of extract viz. 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg ml-1 were tested. It was observed that the
increasing in concentration there was also increasing in antimicrobial activity reveled by
increase in size of zone of inhibition. The methanolic stem extract exhibits highest
antimicrobial activity against all four pathogens. The study shown that the extract of T.
cordifolia has a wide range of anti-oxidant as well as antimicrobial activity against bacterial
as well as fungal pathogens.
This study analyzed two seaweed species, Acanthopora spicifera and Sargassum wightii, for their phytochemical content both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis found that petroleum ether and methanol extracts contained the highest number (8) of compounds for both species. Quantitative analysis revealed that S. wightii contained the highest levels of total phenols and flavonoids, while A. spicifera contained the highest tannin levels. Overall, the seaweeds demonstrated nutritional value from their variety of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and more. The study contributes to understanding these seaweeds' chemical compositions and potential applications.
Membrane Stabilizing And Antimicrobial Activities Of Caladium Bicolor And Che...IOSR Journals
The crude methanol extracts of whole plant of Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent. and leaf of Chenopodium album L. as well as their pet-ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions were evaluated for membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activities. At concentration 1.0 mg/ml, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of C. bicolor inhibited 43.92±1.63% and 38.08±0.83 % hypotonic solution and heat induced haemolysis of RBCs, respectively. Among the extractives of C. album, the aqueous soluble fraction inhibited 47.11±0.49 % and 36.73±0.76 % hypotonic solution and heat induced haemolysis of RBCs as compared to 72.79 % and 42.12 % by acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/ml), respectively. C. bicolor test samples demonstrated zone of inhibition ranging from 6.0 to 20.0 mm. The chloroform soluble fraction showed the highest zone of inhibition (20.0 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus. The test samples of C. album displayed zone of inhibition ranging from 7.0 to 13.0 mm. The highest zone of inhibition (13.0 mm) was showed by the chloroform soluble fraction against Salmonella paratyphi
Pharmacological activity of the methanolic extract of sea urchins against esc...Innspub Net
This study elucidated the pharmacological potential of sea urchins using methanol as extracting medium. The antibacterial potential was evaluated using the paper disc method and zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was measured. Antioxidant properties of sea urchins were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Three species of sea urchin randomly collected along the intertidal zone of Diguisit, Baler Aurora were identified using diagnostic keys by the National Museum of the Philippines and they were identified as follows; Echinothrix diadema, Echinometra mathaei, and Echinometra oblonga. E. diadema recorded the highest diameter zone of inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus after 24 hours of incubation with 11.03 ± 1.75mm and 13.52 ± 1.13mm respectively while E. mathaei only inhibited S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 9.27 ± 2.06mm in 24 hours of incubation as well. As the zone of inhibition prolongs, the zone of inhibition decreases as observed in 48 hours of incubation. E. oblonga did not show inhibitoy effect, however it recorded the highest radical scavenging activity with 64.46% among the three species of sea urchins. This was followed by E. mathaei (51.52%) and E. diadema (37.38%). All collected species manifested antioxidant potential. Based on the results, the collected species of sea urchins has a pharmacological potential.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
1) Researchers surveyed 25 locations in South Dakota to study ecological and chemical properties of Achillea (yarrow) species. Plant and soil samples were taken from plots and phenotypic measurements were recorded.
2) Extracts were prepared from two yarrow populations using sequential solvent extractions and tested in an antifungal bioassay against Candida species. Inconclusive results were found due to precipitate formation.
3) Future work includes repeating the bioassay, expanding tests to other microbes, identifying compounds in extracts, and investigating environmental and genetic influences on yarrow phenotypes between populations.
Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of jurinea dolomiaea plant
Vishal Kumar, et al
1. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 501-506
501
Original Research Article
A reviving preliminary evoke on few xylanase producing fungal isolates
from different ecological niche
Vishal Kumar, Pragya Pandey, Shivani Gupta, Pratyoosh Shukla*
1
Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of
Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
*Corresponding author
A B S T R A C T
Introduction
Lignocellulose is the chief component of
the overall ecological biomass it is
composed of major biological
macropolymers such as cellulose,
hemicelluloses and lignin. Hemicelluloses
are complex mixtures of different
polymers such as xylan, mannan, galactan,
arabinan or other heteropolymers (Verma
and Satyanarayana, 2012). Xylan is a
major polysaccharide which is composed
of xylose units linked by -1,4 glycosidic
linkage, a mixture of hydrolytic enzymes
is required to complete degradation of
xylan, among them xylanase plays an
important role (Takahashi et al 2013).
Xylanase is an industrially important
enzyme which degrades xylan randomly
by its endo-1,4- -xylanase activity and
produces xylose, xylooligosaccharides and
xylobiose (Sharma and Kumar, 2013).
Xylanases have been found applications in
paper and pulp industries and in the
production of bio-ethanol etc (Bhat and
Hazlewood, 2001). For industrial
applications, xylanases must be optimally
active in alkaline range and high
temperatures (Shrivastava et al 2011).
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 4 (2014) pp. 501-506
http://www.ijcmas.com
Keywords
Fungi;
YPSS media;
Xylanase,
Thermomyces
lanuginosus;
Aspergillus
sp.I.
In the present pre-screening report we describe the occurrence of few xylanase
producing fungi from different ecological niche i.e. soil samples and plants debris
samples. In the present work, diverse soil samples were collected from these sites
and fungal isolates were grown on YPSS media. Among five isolates three
different fungal isolates as identified morphologically through colonial morphology
and adapting basic microbiological procedures were TMDU1 (Thermomyces
lanuginosus), TMDU2 (Aspergillus sp.I) and TMDU3 (Aspergillus sp.II). The
qualitative xylanase assay was carried out which revealed that all the selected
isolates are xylanase producer. Further, TMDU1 (Thermomyces lanuginosus spp.)
was selected for further studies owing to its better xylanase producing capability.
Further, few studies on physiological profiles of these isolates suggested xylan and
yeast extract as best carbon and nitrogen source respectively..
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502
There are several groups of
microorganisms that are very rich sources
of thermostable xylanases, such as
bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi
(Suneetha, 2011; Kamble and Jadhav,
2012). Among these groups several genus
of filamentous fungi secrete high amounts
of extracellular thermophilic xylanases.
There is some important genus of
filamentous fungi, which produces
xylanases such as Thermomyces,
Trichoderma, Aspergillus etc. (Takahashi
et al 2013; Shrivastava et al 2013).
Themomyces lanuginosus (previously
known as Humicola lanuginose) is a
thermophilic fungus widely distributed in
self-heating mass of organic debris and
soil (Singh et al 2003). This fungus
produces thermostable and alkalistable
xylanases which is best suitable for bio-
bleaching process in paper and pulp
industry. In the present work, we are
reporting a swift description on few
xylanase producing fungal isolates from
different ecological niche.
Materials and Methods
Sample, media and growth conditions
The different soil samples and plants
debris samples were collected from the pot
and garden of M.D. University, Rohtak.
Soil suspensions in sterilized distilled
water (0.1 g/ml) were prepared and
serially diluted from 10-1
to 10-3
dilutions
and 100 µl of each diluted sample were
spread onto agar plates (YPSS: Yeast
extract- 4 g/l, Soluble Starch- 15 g/l ,
MgSO4- 1 g/ l, K2HPO4- 1 g/l, Agar- 20 g/
l ; PDA: Potato infusion- 200 g/l, Dextrose
20 g/ l, Agar 20 g/ l; SDA: Dextrose 40
g/l, Peptone 10 g/l , Agar 20 g/l )
containing 0.8 g/l Kanamycin. The plates
were incubated at 50o
C for 3-4 days.
Fungal colonies were isolated and
maintained on YPSS slants and stored at
4°C. The slant cultures were sub cultured
every month.
Primary screening (Zone of clearance)
Fungal isolates were screened for xylanase
production on Czapek s agar medium
(Birch wood Xylan- 5 g/l, Peptone- 5 g/ l,
K2HPO4- 1 g/l, MgSO4 - 1 g/l, Agar 20
g/l). After inoculation the plates were kept
at 50°C for 6 days and then the plate was
treated with Congo red and washed with 1
M NaCl to observe the solubilisation zone
(Tallapragada and Venkatesh, 2011). The
confirmed fungal isolates were found to be
xylanase positive and some selected
isolates were maintained on YPSS agar
plates for further studies.
Qualitative Enzyme Assay
Spore Suspension
Slants were prepared in Erlenmeyer
conical flasks each of 250 ml containing
50 ml of YPSS agar medium. Each fungal
isolates were inoculated in respective flask
and incubated at 50°C for 7 days. A saline
solution in 150 ml distilled water by
adding 0.15 ml Tween-80 (0.01%) and
1.23 g NaCl was prepared. A quantity of
50 ml of this solution was added in each
flask and mycelium was scratched with a
sterilized loop and filtered with autoclaved
filter assembly.
Solid State Fermentation (SSF)
Solid State Fermentation for xylanase
production was carried out in Erlenmeyer
flasks (250 ml) containing 10 g of wheat
bran as substrate which was moisturised
with 10 ml of distilled water. These flasks
were sterilized and were inoculated with 1
ml of spore suspension at concentration
3. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 501-506
503
105
-106
/ml and the flasks were incubated
at 50°C in stationary condition. The
samples were obtained after 72 hrs and
were filtered using filter paper (Whatman
no. 1). Further, the clear supernatant was
collected for xylanase assay.
Xylanase Assay
Xylanase activity was determined by
measuring the amount of reducing sugars
liberated from birchwood xylan used as a
substrate. Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS)
method was used to determine reducing
sugar concentration (Shrivastava, et al.
2011). The substrate was prepared by
dissolving birchwood xylan in acetate
buffer pH 5.0 (1.0% w/v). The reaction
mixture containing 1 ml of substrate
solution and 1 ml of enzyme solution
(crude enzyme) and incubated for 30 min
at 50ºC, then the reaction was stopped by
adding 3 ml of DNS reagent and reading
were taken by spectrophotometer at 540
nm.
Results and Discussion
Isolation and primary Screening
A total of five fungal strains namely
TMDU1, TMDU2, TMDU3, TMDU4 and
TMDU5 were isolated from the soil and
plant debris sample. All of these isolates
were showing optimum growth at 50°C.
All of these thermophilic fungal isolates
were screened for xylanase production on
Czapek Dox Agar medium. It was
observed that only three fungal isolates
TMDU1, TMDU2 and TMDU3 were able
to grow on this medium. The results of
primary screening (zone of clearance)
presented that TMDU1 showing maximum
xylanase production as compared to other
two isolates viz. TMDU2 and TMDU3.
Morphological and microscopic
characters
The isolates TMDU1 showing gradual
colour change during its growth due to
pigment production. Initially at second day
it shows white filamentous growth, which
gradually turned light yellowish to light
brown it showed brown colour at fourth
day and finally, at sixth day it was wine
coloured on YPSS medium. During
microscopic examination of TMDU1 it
was observed small conidia were attached
to hyphae all over its length and free
conidia which get detached from hyphea
were randomly scattered as visible under
light microscope. Whereas TMDU2 and
TMDU3 were black and brownish yellow
in colour and there were no significant
colour change were observed. It was
studied under microscope TMDU2 have
large globose conidia and TMDU3 have
comparatively small columner conidia
attached to terminal end of hyphae.
Xylanase estimation
All the three isolates were producing
colour during xylanase assay with DNS
the isolate TMDU1 was showing highest
colour intensity (OD 0.684) so this isolate
was recognised as best xylanase producer.
This isolate was confirmed as
Thermomyces sp. by morphological
characteristics and microscopic conidial
and hyphae structures characteristics.
A total of five thermophilic fungal isolates
were recorded from different ecological
niche such as potted plant, soil from
garden, plant debris from garden. Three
isolates (TMDU1, TMDU2 and TMDU3)
were found xylanase producers; this
reflects that a high percentage (60%) of
xylanase producers is prevalent in these
samples. Further these isolates were
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Figure I Thermomyces lanuginosus TMDU1 (96 Hrs old culture)
Figure II Thermomyces lanuginosus TMDU1 (40X) showing hyphae and condidia
Table.1 Morphological and microscopic characteristics of different fungal isolates
and xylanase producing capability
Isolate
No.
Colony characteristics
Microscopic identification
Isolate
Identification
Xylanase producing
capability/Zone of
clearance
TMDU1 Regular change in colour
pale white to dark brown,
mycelial growth spreaded
on whole plate
Small conidia were attached
to hyphae all over the its
length and some conidia get
deattached from hyphae
spreaded randomly
Thermomyces
sp. +++
TMDU2 Black coloured, not
significant change in
colour, mycelia mat
with regular margin
Large globose conidia
attached at the tip of hyphae
Aspergillus
sp.I ++
TMDU3 Brownish yellow
coloured, slight colour
change yellow to
brownish yellow, regular
shaped margin
Small columner conidia
attached at the tip of hyphae
Aspergillus
sp.II +
TMDU4 White coloured mat have
oval shape with regular
margin
Not identified Not identified nd
TMDU5 Green coloured powdery
growth with, no colour
change , irregular margin
Not identified Not identified nd
Abbreviations:+++: Excellent; ++: Good; +: Fair nd: Not detected
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identified on the basis of their
morphological and microscopic
characteristics which revealed them as
Thermomyces sp. (TMDU1), Aspergillus
sp.I (TMDU2), Aspergillus sp II
(TMDU3). A review of literature suggests
that there are related studies were reported
by Takahashi et al (2013) and Shrivastava
et al. (2013). Although there are several
other reports on xylanase producing fungal
species such as Penicillium sp.,
Chaetomium sp., Fusarium sp. etc.
(Sharma and Kumar, 2013) but
Thermomyces sp. is reported as one of the
best xynalase producers by many
researchers, The reports of xylanase
production from Thermomyces
lanuginosus IOC-4145 (Monica et al
2003), Thermomyces lanuginosus DSM
5826 (Khucharoenphaisana et al 2008) and
Thermomyces lanuginosus SS8
(Shrivastava et al 2011) are noteworthy in
this perception. It is also envisaged that
Thermomyces lanuginosus xylanases are
found to be thermostable and pH tolerant
so they can be used as most excellent
appropriate choice for the pulp and paper
industry. The further purification and
bioprocess optimization for such xylanases
at lab scale and pilot scale are under
progress that may interpret fascinating
results.
Lignocellulolytic enzymes are widely used
in various industries e.g. pulp and paper,
bio-ethanol, food industry etc. and
xylanases from Thermomyces lanuginosus
is a quite important in this context. The
efforts could be made to optimize and set a
cost effective bio-process and prove its
applicability as a viable option for these
industries. The evolution of novel
xylanase function requires information on
protein structure, sequence along with
phylogeny. Overall, these may help in
predicting the newer function and
application of xylanases as well as in
designing new enzymes for their use in
above-mentioned industries.
Acknowledgment
The authors duly acknowledge the
financial support from SERB, Department
of Science and Technology, Govt. of India
(DST Fast Track Grant. No. SR/FT/LS-
31/2012).
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