This is a presentation about blood and their disease. Short and important information is added in this presentation.

1. ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Md. Mehedi Hasan Shawon
Batch: 31st (D)
ID: 2018000300093
Department Of Pharmacy
Southeast University
Banani, Dhaka

2. Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and how they work
and Anatomy is the study of the parts and structures of the human body.

3. CONTENT
What is blood?
Function of blood.
Components of blood and their structure, function, color and shape
Blood diseases and it’s symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, prevention.

4. BLOOD
Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary
substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic
waste products away from those same cells. Blood is actually a tissue. It is
thick because it is made up of a variety of cells, each having a different job. In
fact, blood is about 80% water and 20% solid.

5. FUNCTION OF BLOOD
 Supplying oxygen to cells and tissues.
 Providing essential nutrients to cells, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and
glucose.
 Removing waste materials, such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid.
 Protecting the body from infection and foreign bodies through the white blood
cells.
 Transporting hormones from one part of the body to another, transmitting
messages, and completing important processes.
 Regulating acidity (pH) levels and body temperature.
 Forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss.

6. THE COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
Red blood cells (erythrocytes). These carry oxygen from
the lungs to the rest of the body
White blood cells (leukocytes). These help fight infections
and aid in the immune process. Types of white blood cells
include:
i. Lymphocytes
ii. Monocytes
iii. Eosinophils
iv. Basophils
v. Neutrophils
Platelets (thrombocytes). These help in blood clotting.
 Plasma. The liquid component of the blood in which the
following blood cells are suspended:

7. Red Cells
 Red blood cell are the type of blood cell called RBC.
 RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues
while squeezing through the body's capillaries.
 half of the blood's volume (40% to 45%) is red blood cells.
Function & Structure
Red blood cells have a unique structure. Red blood cells contain enormous
amounts of a protein called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is also responsible for the
characteristic red color of blood. The functional lifetime of a red blood cell is about
100–120 days
Shape & Color
The shape of a red blood cell is a biconcave disk with a flattened center - in other
words, both faces of the disc have shallow bowl-like indentations.

8. White cells
White blood cells, also called leukocytes, are essential for good health
and protection against illness and disease. WBC are found throughout the
body, including the blood and lymphatic system.
Function & Structure
A healthy adult human has between 4,500 and 11,000 white blood cells
per cubic millimeter of blood. White blood cells make up approximately
1% of the total blood volume in a healthy adult. A white blood cell
ingesting disease-causing bacteria. White blood cells can: ingest
pathogens and destroy them. produce antibodies to destroy pathogens.
Shape & Color
WBCs are irregular in shape, but have a nucleus and an outer buffer coat.
There are various types of WBCs with distinct functions in the blood.

9. Platelets
Platelets, also called thrombocytes, Platelets are tiny blood cells that help
our body form clots to stop bleeding. If one of your blood vessels gets
damaged, it sends out signals that are picked up by platelets.
Function & Structure
The normal platelet count is 150,000-350,000 per micro liter of blood. The
principal function of platelets is to prevent bleeding. They become round
and extend long filaments. They may even look like an octopus.
Shape & Color
On a stained blood smear, platelets appear as dark purple spots. Their shape
varies greatly, but they are usually round, oval, or rod-shaped.

10. Plasma
Blood plasma is a yellowish colored liquid component of blood.
It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is
mostly water and contains dissolved proteins.
Structure & Function
Function of plasma is transporting oxygen and nutrients to the
lungs and tissues and regulating body temperature. Blood
plasma is the watery, liquid component of blood
Shape & color
Plasma is a pale-yellowish, watery solution that suspends all of
the other parts of the blood.

11. BLOOD DISEASE
Anemia
Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells(RBCs) or hemoglobin in
the blood. The anemic people will have less number of healthy red blood cells or
there will be an increase in the number red blood cells that are unable to produce
hemoglobin due to Iron deficiency.

12. SYMPTOMS
1. Chest pain
2. Paleness of the skin
3. Discomfort or shortness of breath
4. Lightheadedness
5. Regular Headache
6. Irregular heartbeat

13. CAUSES OF ANEMIA:
It is the most common blood disorder in the general population. Most common three causes
of anemia are:
1.Caused by blood loss
 Gastrointestinal conditions like Ulcers, Hemorrhoids, gastritis, Cancer, etc.
 Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like Brufen , aspirin, diclofenac, etc.
 Heavy menstrual bleeding
2.Decrease in the blood cell production
 Iron deficiency
 Bone marrow and stem cell problems
 Deficiency in Vitamin B-12 and folate
3.Destruction of Red blood cells
 Could be a side effect of the prescribed medicine for another major disease.
 Animal venom in the body
 Hypertension

14. DIAGNOSIS
1) In case of anemia, most of the individuals seldom show the symptoms. Some
types of Anemia show only specific types of symptoms. A simple diagnosis test
like complete blood count will help us know if the patient is anemic.
2) CBC is a test to ascertain the count of Blood cells in sample of your blood. To
determine the condition of anemia, doctor will see levels of the red blood cells
(hematocrit) and the hemoglobin contained in the blood.
3) In anemia the shape of your RBC’s gets detracted. A test to determine the size
and shape of your red blood cells. Some of your red blood cells may also be
examined for unusual size, shape and color.

15. TREATMENT
Treatment will depend on the type and cause of anemia.
1) Anemia may be treated with blood transfusions, folic acid supplements,
medication, removal of the spleen, or a blood and bone marrow stem cell
transplant.
2) Treatment for this form of anemia usually involves taking iron supplements and
making changes to your diet.
3) The goal of treatment is to increase the amount of oxygen that your blood can
carry. This is done by raising the red blood cell count and/or hemoglobin level.

16. PREVENTION
1) Eat plenty of iron-rich foods, such as tofu, green and leafy vegetables, lean
red meat, lentils, beans and iron-fortified cereals and breads.
2) Eat and drink vitamin C-rich foods and drinks.
3) Avoid drinking tea or coffee with your meals, as they can affect iron
absorption.