The document summarizes the regional economic differences between the North and South during the Age of Jackson. The North had industrialized with textile mills and factories while the South's economy was based on agriculture, especially cotton production aided by Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin. It also discusses Andrew Jackson's election as president on behalf of common men and his policies like the spoils system and Indian removal. Finally, it outlines the Nullification Crisis over high tariffs, with South Carolina attempting to nullify federal tariffs under the theory of states' rights, leading to threats of secession until Henry Clay brokered a compromise.

1. The Age of Jackson:
Regional Economies Create
Differences

2. North:
• Industrial Revolution
occurs in the New
England States in 1800
• Shipbuilding,
mechanized textile, or
fabric mills become
profitable
• Northern Factories
dominate the North’s
economy and lead to
new manufactured
goods and increased
market diversity

3. South:
• Agriculture dominates
the Southern economy
• Eli Whitney’s invention
of a cotton gin in 1793
made it profitable for
Southern farmers to
produce cotton
• Cotton becomes “King”
in the south

4. The Election Of Andrew Jackson:
• Andrew Jackson
captures the
presidency in 1828
on the basis of being
the representative
of the “Common
Man”
• Under Jackson, the
United States
experiences
expansion in the
economy, territory,
and democracy

5. The Election Of Andrew Jackson:
• Jackson sought to give
common people a
chance to participate
in government
• He did this through
the spoil system, in
which new
administrations hire
their own supporters
to replace supporters
of the previous
administration

6. The Election Of Andrew Jackson:
Indian Removal
• The Indian Removal Act forced
Native Americans living in the
east to move west onto
reservations
• Some Native American groups
resisted; one such group called
the Cherokee were forced to
march from Georgia to
Oklahoma
• Many Cherokee died during the
forced march and it later became
known as the Trail of Tears

7. Nullification Crisis: Tariff of
Abominations
• In 1824 and again in
1828, Congress increased
the tariff of 1816
• Jackson’s vice president,
John C. Calhoun of South
Carolina, called the 1828
tariff a Tariff of
Abominations because
he blamed it for
economic problems in
the South

8. Nullification Crisis:
• The South’s economy depended
on cotton exports
• The high tariff on manufactured
goods from Britain reduced
British exports to the United
States, and because of this,
Britain bought less cotton
• With the decline of British goods,
the South was now forced to buy
more expensive Northern
manufactured goods
• From the South’s point of view,
the North was getting rich at the
expense of the South

9. Nullification Crisis: South Carolina
• To try to free South
Carolina from the tariff,
Calhoun developed the
theory of nullification
• Calhoun’s theory held
that the U.S. Constitution
was based on a compact
of sovereign states
• On this theory, Calhoun
estimated that each state
had the right to
determine whether acts
of Congress were
unconstitutional

10. Nullification Crisis: State Rights
• If the state found an act
unconstitutional, the
state could nullify or void
that act within its borders
• In 1832, Congress raised
the tariffs again, and
South Carolina declared
the tariffs to be null and
void
• In addition, South
Carolina threatened to
secede, or withdraw from
the Union, if customs
officials tried to collect
duties

11. Jackson’s Response:
• Outraged, Jackson asks
Congress to pass the Force Bill
to use military force to force
states to comply with U.S. laws
• A bloody confrontation seemed
likely until Henry Clay forged a
compromise in 1833
• Clay proposed a tariff bill that
would gradually decrease over
a ten-year period
• The tension between states’
rights and federal authority
subsided-temporarily
Henry Clay’s proposal