1. U.S. History Review

2. Great Awakening
• A period of history
that saw:
An increase in
religious tolerance
• An increase in
religious practice
An increase in ideas
of equality

3. The Declaration
of Independence
• Said that people were endowed by their
creator with certain unalienable rights. This
means rights that cannot be taken away.
• It went on the say that if government tried to
take rights away from people, the people
could establish a new government.

4. The Articles of
Confederation
• First government of the United States
Gave more power to the states instead
of the national government.
• Did not give the government the power
to tax.

5. Shays’ Rebellion
• Rebellion caused by
high taxes on
farmers.
• Showed the need for
a strong national
government

6. The Constitution
• The fundamental laws
of the United States.
Changes are called
amendments
• Has a system of
checks and balances
so that one branch of
government does not
get too strong.

7. First Amendment
Protects the rights of freedom of
speech, press, assembly, religion, and
petition.

8. Three-Fifths Compromise
Counted slaves as three-fifths of a
person for the purposes of taxation and
representation

9. Federalism
The practice of sharing power between
the states and federal government

10. Jefferson vs. Hamilton
• The result of the dispute between Thomas
Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton was the
creation of political parties.
Hamilton wanted the economy to be
based on manufacturing.
• Jefferson wanted the economy to be
based on agriculture.
• Hamilton represented the Federalist Party.
• Jefferson represented the Democratic-
Republican Party.

11. Powers of Congress
• Declare war
Create money
• Collect taxes

12. Washington’s
Farewell Address
Washington warned against the
creation of political parties and
alliances with other nations.

13. Judicial Review
The power of the Supreme Court to
overturn laws that they feel are
unconstitutional

14. James Fennimore Cooper
• Author of Last of the
Mohicans
• Best remembered
for his story of
frontier life

15. What does the process below show?

16. Women’s Suffrage Movement
The Women’s Suffrage Movement
wanted women to have as many rights
as men.

17. What is the belief that said that the
United States was meant to spread
across the continent?
Manifest destiny

18. What was the main cause
of the War of 1812?
mpressment of American sailors

19. What was the spoils
system and who used it?
• In the spoils system, President
Jackson appointed his political
supporters to government jobs.

20. What was the main
purpose of the Lewis and
Clark expedition?
• To explore
the
Louisiana
Territory

21. What did the Monroe
Doctrine state?
That the United States would not allow
any European interference in the
western hemisphere

22. Which area on the map was gained by
the U.S. in 1848 as a result of the
Mexican-America War?

23. Missouri Compromise
• The North and South had kept the balance of
free and slave states. This was threatened
when Missouri was going to join the Union as
a slave state. To keep the balance, Maine
was brought into the Union at the same time.
The Missouri Compromise maintained the
balance between slave and free states

25. Compromise of 1850
• In 1850, there was another problem with free
and slave states. All of the territory won in the
war with Mexico would become states soon.
The issue was solved by allowing California
into the Union as a free state, and having the
territories of New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona,
and Utah decide the issue of slavery
themselves.
California was admitted to the Union as a free
state.

27. The Dred Scott Case
• Dred Scott was a slave.
His owner took him to a free state in the North.
• Scott sued for his freedom because he was in a
free state.
• The case went all the way to the Supreme
Court.
The Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was a
slave and therefore property, so he could not
sue.
The court also said that Congress could not
ban slavery in the territories.

29. Who was Frederick
Douglass?
• A runaway slave
An abolitionist
• Writer of an
abolitionist
newspaper called
The North Star

30. Who was Harriet
Tubman?
An abolitionist
and leader of the
Underground
Railroad

31. Who was William Lloyd
Garrison?
• An abolitionist
leader and editor of
the influential
abolitionist
newspaper The
Liberator

32. What do Harriet Tubman,
William Lloyd Garrison, and
Frederick Douglass have in
common?
They were all abolitionists.

33. How did Henry Clay’s American
System try to improve the
transportation system in the U.S.?
By creating more canals and roads

34. What right did women lose between
1777 and 1851?

35. The cotton gin was invented in 1793.
Look at the chart below. What was the
long term effect of this invention?

36. The Emancipation
Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation
declared that slaves in the Confederate
states would be free.

37. Nullification
The idea that states have the right to
reject laws made by Congress is called
nullification.

38. 54th Massachusetts
Regiment
Made up one of the first African-
American regiments in the Civil War.

39. Battle of Gettysburg
• Was the turning point of the war
Confederate army never invaded the
North again
• Lee lost nearly 1/3 of his army.

40. 14th and 15th
amendments
• The goal of the 14th and 15th
amendments was to give rights to
formerly enslaved persons

41. Freedmen’s Bureau
• Helped resolve disputes between
whites and blacks
Set up schools for newly freed slaves
• Provided relief for those people
displaced by the war.

42. New technology in the
Civil War
• deadlier cannons and bullets
ironclad warships
• more accurate rifles

43. Reconstruction
• The immediate goal of Reconstruction was
to bring the Southern states back into the
Union.
• The goal of the 14th and 15th
amendments was to give rights to formerly
enslaved persons.

44. Reconstruction
• The Freedmen’s Bureau helped resolve
conflicts between blacks and whites.
• They set up schools for newly freed slaves.
• Provided relief for those people hurt by the
war.
• Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather
clauses were designed by Southern
lawmakers prevent African-Americans from
voting.