This is a presentation I gave to help members of the Genesee Valley Nurses Association understand important differences among delirium, dementia, and depression. Tuesday, November 27, 2012.
The document discusses mental retardation, defining it as sub-average intellectual functioning and impairments in adaptive behaviors appearing during development, and outlines various causes including genetic, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. It also covers assessments, treatments, and prevention strategies for mental retardation, emphasizing the importance of early intervention, education, rehabilitation, and family support.
Mental illness is common, affecting 20% of adults each year, with 60% of those with a mental illness receiving no treatment services and long delays between symptom onset and receiving help. The Niagara region has higher rates of hospitalization, poor mental health status, and suicide compared to Ontario averages. Stigma surrounding mental illness can negatively impact those affected by causing negative attitudes, shame, secrecy around their condition, and preventing people from seeking help, worsening their illness.
Depression is a common problem among older adults, with around 2 million seniors suffering from full-blown depression and another 5 million experiencing less severe forms. Common causes of depression in seniors include loneliness, isolation, lack of purpose, health problems, and recent bereavement. Signs include sadness, fatigue, loss of interest in activities, social withdrawal, weight loss, sleep disturbances, and in some cases suicidal thoughts. Getting help through treatment and support programs can help address senior depression.
The document discusses geriatric depression, providing diagnostic criteria and symptoms. It presents four case studies of elderly patients presenting with depressive symptoms that could be associated with medical conditions. Key symptoms of geriatric depression include changes in sleep, appetite, mood, and psychomotor functioning. Medical illnesses like Parkinson's disease or cancers can also cause or mask depressive symptoms in elderly patients. Treatment involves identifying and addressing any underlying medical causes, as well as cautious use of antidepressants while monitoring for side effects.
Common giatric psychaitric disease convertedWafa sheikh
This document provides information on common psychological disorders in elderly patients. It begins with an overview of depression in elderly patients, including risk factors, clinical presentation, assessment, and management guidelines. It then discusses anxiety disorders and panic attacks in elderly patients. Several case studies are presented, including a 68-year-old female with depression, a 58-year-old female with depression and insomnia, and a 65-year-old male with anxiety disorder and panic attacks. Assessment tools and a 5-step management protocol from the WHO for providing mental healthcare in primary care settings are also covered.
This document provides information on childhood schizophrenia and depression. It defines childhood schizophrenia as a severe brain disorder where children interpret reality abnormally, and notes its causes are unknown but may involve genetics, environment, and brain abnormalities. It describes the onset of symptoms between late teens to mid-30s, and risk factors like family history. Signs include language delays and strange behavior. Diagnosis involves evaluating thoughts, functions, and symptoms. Treatments include medications and therapy. Complications involve inability to work or attend school. Childhood depression is defined by inability to enjoy activities and involves symptoms like changes in appetite and sleep. It affects many children and teens and has causes like genetics and life stress.
Mental Illness And The Aging PresentationLisawhitten
Mental illness is often misdiagnosed or left untreated in the aging population due to the misconception that it is a normal part of aging. This can lead to increased suicide rates, social issues if left untreated, and a lack of treatment options. Proper screening for mental illness during regular doctor's visits through questionnaires can help identify issues earlier and refer patients to specialists. Increased education is needed for both patients and practitioners regarding mental illness and treatment in the elderly.
PPD is similar to clinical depression.it is not only prevalent among women but also in men. sufferers are not alone and they can prevent this by talk, talk and talk.
The document discusses mental retardation, defining it as sub-average intellectual functioning and impairments in adaptive behaviors appearing during development, and outlines various causes including genetic, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. It also covers assessments, treatments, and prevention strategies for mental retardation, emphasizing the importance of early intervention, education, rehabilitation, and family support.
Mental illness is common, affecting 20% of adults each year, with 60% of those with a mental illness receiving no treatment services and long delays between symptom onset and receiving help. The Niagara region has higher rates of hospitalization, poor mental health status, and suicide compared to Ontario averages. Stigma surrounding mental illness can negatively impact those affected by causing negative attitudes, shame, secrecy around their condition, and preventing people from seeking help, worsening their illness.
Depression is a common problem among older adults, with around 2 million seniors suffering from full-blown depression and another 5 million experiencing less severe forms. Common causes of depression in seniors include loneliness, isolation, lack of purpose, health problems, and recent bereavement. Signs include sadness, fatigue, loss of interest in activities, social withdrawal, weight loss, sleep disturbances, and in some cases suicidal thoughts. Getting help through treatment and support programs can help address senior depression.
The document discusses geriatric depression, providing diagnostic criteria and symptoms. It presents four case studies of elderly patients presenting with depressive symptoms that could be associated with medical conditions. Key symptoms of geriatric depression include changes in sleep, appetite, mood, and psychomotor functioning. Medical illnesses like Parkinson's disease or cancers can also cause or mask depressive symptoms in elderly patients. Treatment involves identifying and addressing any underlying medical causes, as well as cautious use of antidepressants while monitoring for side effects.
Common giatric psychaitric disease convertedWafa sheikh
This document provides information on common psychological disorders in elderly patients. It begins with an overview of depression in elderly patients, including risk factors, clinical presentation, assessment, and management guidelines. It then discusses anxiety disorders and panic attacks in elderly patients. Several case studies are presented, including a 68-year-old female with depression, a 58-year-old female with depression and insomnia, and a 65-year-old male with anxiety disorder and panic attacks. Assessment tools and a 5-step management protocol from the WHO for providing mental healthcare in primary care settings are also covered.
This document provides information on childhood schizophrenia and depression. It defines childhood schizophrenia as a severe brain disorder where children interpret reality abnormally, and notes its causes are unknown but may involve genetics, environment, and brain abnormalities. It describes the onset of symptoms between late teens to mid-30s, and risk factors like family history. Signs include language delays and strange behavior. Diagnosis involves evaluating thoughts, functions, and symptoms. Treatments include medications and therapy. Complications involve inability to work or attend school. Childhood depression is defined by inability to enjoy activities and involves symptoms like changes in appetite and sleep. It affects many children and teens and has causes like genetics and life stress.
Mental Illness And The Aging PresentationLisawhitten
Mental illness is often misdiagnosed or left untreated in the aging population due to the misconception that it is a normal part of aging. This can lead to increased suicide rates, social issues if left untreated, and a lack of treatment options. Proper screening for mental illness during regular doctor's visits through questionnaires can help identify issues earlier and refer patients to specialists. Increased education is needed for both patients and practitioners regarding mental illness and treatment in the elderly.
PPD is similar to clinical depression.it is not only prevalent among women but also in men. sufferers are not alone and they can prevent this by talk, talk and talk.
This document provides information on Alzheimer's disease, including its causes, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and nursing care. Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive impairment in memory, thinking, and behavior. It is caused by brain cell death and genetic and lifestyle factors. Risk factors include age, family history, head trauma, and cardiovascular and lifestyle issues. Diagnosis involves cognitive testing, imaging, and lab tests. Management focuses on improving quality of life through pharmacological treatments, environmental modifications, and activities. Nursing care involves ongoing assessment, addressing needs for self-care and communication, and supporting patients and their families.
Mental health issues such as depression and anxiety are NOT a normal part of aging and are hard to discuss, diagnose and treat. The good news is that there are innovative programs, tools and resources that can help.
Sheela was a 30-year-old mother of four who lived in a small village and had just given birth to her fourth child three months ago without any medical care. She began exhibiting signs of depression a month after birth, becoming reclusive and neglecting her children, but her family was indifferent. One day when the family was working, Sheela set herself on fire and walked out of the house, later dying from her burns in the hospital. Her death could have been prevented with antenatal/postnatal care, recognition of her high-risk status and postpartum depression symptoms, and more support from her family.
The correct answer is C. Apnea is not a symptom of depression. It denotes pause or absence of breathing during sleep and is not included in the DSM criteria for depression.
This document discusses the treatment of depression in the elderly. It notes that while healthy older adults are not at greater risk of depression than younger adults, risk factors in the elderly include multiple losses, medical illness, and a history of previous depression. Depression is common in elderly patients with medical conditions like stroke, cancer, and heart disease. Treatment includes addressing any underlying medical causes or drugs that may be contributing, starting with low doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors which have fewer side effects in older patients, and considering psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or mood stabilizers if needed. Close monitoring for side effects and compliance is important when medicating elderly patients.
This document provides information on helping elderly friends and family who may be depressed. It defines depression, lists common causes in the elderly like loneliness or illness, and signs to watch for like changes in mood or appetite. It recommends offering social support, encouraging activities, and seeing a doctor. Senior centers in the area are listed that can help connect seniors to programs, healthcare, and each other. A quiz called the Geriatric Depression Scale is included to help assess depression risk in the elderly.
The document discusses various mental disorders and assessments, noting that the "Big Three" mental disorders are dementia, depression, and delirium. It provides true/false questions about the characteristics and treatments of conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. The document also addresses factors to consider in assessing mental health across the adult lifespan and among different ethnic groups.
Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that affects up to 20% of new mothers. It can range from mild postpartum blues to more severe postpartum psychosis. Risk factors include a history of mood disorders, lack of social support, stressful life events, and having a child with special needs. Left untreated, postpartum depression can negatively impact the mother's bonding with her infant and the infant's cognitive, social, and emotional development. Screening tools like the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale can help identify at-risk mothers so they can receive appropriate treatment.
Children are at high risk of emotional disorders. These have become the most common reasons for their visits to the psychiatrist.
They include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma and stress-related disorders.
This slide explains each of these in details.
Enjoy
Demystifying Postpartum Depression And Anxiety For Moms And DadsSummit Health
This presentation identifies the symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety that can occur in both mothers and fathers, how to seek support, as well as know when to seek treatment.
Major depression is more common in the elderly than younger adults. Factors involved in the etiology of depression in the elderly include degenerative processes, somatic comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, and psychosocial stressors such as bereavement, loneliness, and admission to assisted living facilities. Clinical characteristics of depression that are more frequent in the elderly include delusional depression, somatic complaints, and executive dysfunction. Treatment involves cognitive evaluation, basic medical testing, and neuroimaging. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are considered first-line antidepressant treatments, though dose adjustments may be needed and alternative therapies like psychotherapy, exercise, or electroconvulsive therapy can also be beneficial. Special
Nurses and nursing assistants play a crucial role in recognizing and treating depression in elderly patients. [1] Studies show that nurses and assistants recognize around 50% of depressive episodes in elderly patients. [2] Recognition can be improved through staff training and the use of screening tools. [3] Non-pharmacological interventions led by nurses, such as behavior therapy, exercise, music therapy and emotion-oriented care, can effectively treat depression. [4] Proper communication between nurses, patients, families and doctors is key to optimizing depression care for elderly individuals.
This document provides an overview of postpartum depression (PPD). It discusses the signs and symptoms of PPD which include feelings of sadness, guilt, and inadequacy. It also examines the risk factors for developing PPD, such as a history of depression, lack of social support, financial instability, unintended pregnancy, and obstetric complications. The document suggests PPD may be influenced by genetic and hormonal factors related to changes during and after pregnancy.
Elder abuse is mistreatment of older adults. It can include physical, sexual, psychological, financial abuse and neglect. Risk factors include age, disability, dementia, social isolation, family stressors, and low socioeconomic status. A comprehensive geriatric assessment identifies abuse. A multidisciplinary team manages cases and includes geriatricians, social workers, and community care.
Two case examples are described. The first involves an 82-year-old woman neglected by her son, appearing unkempt with bruises. The second is a 90-year-old woman in an elder's home with skin damage and malnutrition, suggesting neglect. Education and a multidisciplinary approach can help address elder abuse issues.
Introduction to Depressive Disorders in Children and AdolescentsStephen Grcevich, MD
This document provides an overview of a course on depressive disorders in children and adolescents. The four sessions will cover epidemiology and clinical presentation, evaluation and diagnosis, pharmacotherapy and medical treatments, and non-pharmacologic treatments. Key points include variations in depressive symptoms by developmental stage, diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, importance of differential diagnosis and high rates of comorbidity. Rating scales are commonly used but have limitations. Factors like family history, medical conditions, and environment contribute to risk.
Mental disorders are common in the elderly, including depression, suicide, anxiety, and dementia. Diagnosing these disorders can be difficult, as symptoms may be caused by physical health problems or medications. Approximately 7 million older adults suffer from depression, which is not normal aging, and those with depression often attempt suicide successfully. Factors that contribute to depression include altered sleep, poor nutrition, pain, illness, loss of a spouse, isolation, substance abuse, and life changes like injury. Physicians use charts to determine if memory loss is normal aging or a sign of dementia by considering independence, concern of family members, impairment of recent memory and skills.
- Between 15-30% of new mothers suffer from mild depression in the postpartum period, while 10% are likely to experience major depressive illness. The risk of developing severe mental illness like postpartum psychosis or severe depression is increased 16-fold, especially in the first 3 months after delivery.
- Risk factors for mild postpartum depression tend to be psychosocial, like being single, young, having a short interval between pregnancies, or a history of chronic life difficulties or prior social services involvement. Risk factors for more serious conditions are often biological, like primiparity or a personal or family history of psychiatric issues.
- Conditions range from the mild and common "baby blues" experienced by most
Multiple Personalities
Multiple Personalities
Multiple personalities is a rare mental disorder in which an individual's personality appears to be separated by two or more specific personalities, all being connectable to that of a normal individual.
Incidence
Statistics show that the rate of DID occurrences are roughly .01% to 1% of the general population.
-More than 1/3 of people say that they feel as if they are watching themselves in a movie at times, and 7% of the population may have undiagnosed dissociative disorder.
Causes
The causes of multiple personalities disorder is controversial. The debate of many different hypothesis include:
-Could possibly be a reaction to a trauma.
-An innate ability to dissociate easily.
-Repeated episodes of severe physical or sexual abuse
as a child.
-The lack of supportive or comforting people to counteract
abusive relationships.
-The influence of other relatives with dissociative
symptoms or disorders.
Symptoms
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, symptoms include "the presence or two or more distinct identities or personality traits"that alternate control of the individuals behavior, accompanied by the inability to recall personal information beyond what is expected through normal forgetfulness.
-Amnesia
-Depersonalization
-Derealization
-Identity Disturbances
Diagnosis
There is not real way to determine whether or not a person has DID. Many physicians have different outlooks on what DID is and what determines if a patient has the disorder or not. Most are misdiagnosed as depressed. But the average DID patient is in the mental health care system for 6 to 7 years before being diagnosed as a person with DID.
-The criteria, according to the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, require that an adult be recurrently controlled by two or more discrete personalities, accompanied my memory lapses for important information that is not caused by alcohol, drugs, or medications.
Home Base Business Opportunities
http://freedomofsuccess.com
A complete 8-Step 'Money Getting' Formula ($297 Value) In this High-Value Video Training Series, I'll learn the most effective ways to build a successful online business and the Core 'Must Have' principals to Effective Entrepreneurship in today’s market. These videos outline your BIGGEST money making principals all in one place Watch Video Here http://freedomofsuccess.com
Michelle Peck | Legal Nurse | Nurse Practitioner | Health Care | Geriatric | Consultant | Speaker | Educator | Researcher
During your journey through this slide deck of the geriatric populations 3 D’s, you will experience: the difference between geriatric dementia, geriatric delirium and geriatric depression; the global impact of dementia and the importance of a quality diagnosis; and the dementia assessment, management and treatment options.
The links in this slide deck lead you to expert geriatric teaching tools and videos that you will value and love.
According to the World Alzheimer Report if dementia care were a country, it would be the world’s 18th largest economy. The worldwide costs of dementia exceeded 1% of global GDP in 2010, at US$604 billion. If dementia were a company, it would be the world’s largest by annual revenue exceeding Wal-Mart (US$414 billion) and Exxon Mobil (US$311 billion). Geriatric populations are increasing and Alzheimer’s in the USA will ALMOST TRIPLE BY 2050. Let’s stay informed!
Learn it-Live it-Love it-Your path for a more informed life!
Michelle Peck | Legal Nurse | Nurse Practitioner | Health Care | Geriatric | Consultant | Speaker | Educator | Researcher
Geriatric Population the 3 D's Geriatric Dementia, Delirium and Depression 2015Michelle Peck
Michelle Peck | Legal Nurse Consultant | Adult & Geriatric Nurse Practitioner | Health Care | Consultant | Professional Speaker | Educator | Researcher
Enjoy your journey through this slide deck!
During your journey through Geriatric Dementia, Delirium and Depression, you will experience how to:
• Differentiate delirium, depression & dementia.
• Describe the etiology & signs and symptoms of delirium, depression, and dementia.
• Identify risk factors for delirium, depression, and dementia.
• Identify types of medications that may cause depression.
• Communicate and care for people experiencing delirium.
• Explain non-pharmacologic interventions for treating dementia.
In order to minimize risk and customize interventions, we have to know where and how our clients are living.
The picture on the first slide is from geriatric simulation lab, where nursing students practice administering geriatric assessment scales to identify areas of risk. What risks and hazards can you see in this picture?
What you can't see is that the V8 Splash bottle is actually whiskey, medications and incontinence briefs are scattered all over the floor and our client is using oxygen via nasal cannula while smoking. Would picking up the trash and organizing the house fix the problem? Fifty percent of the students verbalized wanting to clean up during their assessment visit and some asked if they could tidy up upsetting the client.
Every problem deserves a viable solution. A comprehensive geriatric assessment is in order and interventions need to follow by assembling the geriatric team.
Our client's assessment findings were all high risk.
View the geriatric assessment scales with how to administer articles & videos at http://consultgerirn.org/resources.
What do we do next? We need to assemble the geriatric team to intervene.
View assembling the geriatric team "Assessments and Referrals" at http://www.environmentalgeriatrics.org/cme/extra/noCredit.html.
Hopefully at minimum the discharging physician ordered the home health care services necessary to bridge our client's hospital to home care.
If the geriatric assessment scales were performed prior to hospital discharge the physician should have recognized that with all her high risk findings she should not have been discharged home alone. At minimum she requires 24 hour supervision for safety.
The students all felt our client was confused and attributed it to her whiskey drinking, but after performing her Mini Cog they realized she was screening positive for dementia. How many clients slip through the cracks because of lack of assessment?
Our client confabulated and was quite convincing until the students saw her clock draw. Now they knew environmental observations were much more important than client self-report.
A picture is worth a thousand words. We fail our clients until we learn the assessment skills required to paint an accurate picture.
This document provides information on Alzheimer's disease, including its causes, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and nursing care. Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive impairment in memory, thinking, and behavior. It is caused by brain cell death and genetic and lifestyle factors. Risk factors include age, family history, head trauma, and cardiovascular and lifestyle issues. Diagnosis involves cognitive testing, imaging, and lab tests. Management focuses on improving quality of life through pharmacological treatments, environmental modifications, and activities. Nursing care involves ongoing assessment, addressing needs for self-care and communication, and supporting patients and their families.
Mental health issues such as depression and anxiety are NOT a normal part of aging and are hard to discuss, diagnose and treat. The good news is that there are innovative programs, tools and resources that can help.
Sheela was a 30-year-old mother of four who lived in a small village and had just given birth to her fourth child three months ago without any medical care. She began exhibiting signs of depression a month after birth, becoming reclusive and neglecting her children, but her family was indifferent. One day when the family was working, Sheela set herself on fire and walked out of the house, later dying from her burns in the hospital. Her death could have been prevented with antenatal/postnatal care, recognition of her high-risk status and postpartum depression symptoms, and more support from her family.
The correct answer is C. Apnea is not a symptom of depression. It denotes pause or absence of breathing during sleep and is not included in the DSM criteria for depression.
This document discusses the treatment of depression in the elderly. It notes that while healthy older adults are not at greater risk of depression than younger adults, risk factors in the elderly include multiple losses, medical illness, and a history of previous depression. Depression is common in elderly patients with medical conditions like stroke, cancer, and heart disease. Treatment includes addressing any underlying medical causes or drugs that may be contributing, starting with low doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors which have fewer side effects in older patients, and considering psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or mood stabilizers if needed. Close monitoring for side effects and compliance is important when medicating elderly patients.
This document provides information on helping elderly friends and family who may be depressed. It defines depression, lists common causes in the elderly like loneliness or illness, and signs to watch for like changes in mood or appetite. It recommends offering social support, encouraging activities, and seeing a doctor. Senior centers in the area are listed that can help connect seniors to programs, healthcare, and each other. A quiz called the Geriatric Depression Scale is included to help assess depression risk in the elderly.
The document discusses various mental disorders and assessments, noting that the "Big Three" mental disorders are dementia, depression, and delirium. It provides true/false questions about the characteristics and treatments of conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. The document also addresses factors to consider in assessing mental health across the adult lifespan and among different ethnic groups.
Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that affects up to 20% of new mothers. It can range from mild postpartum blues to more severe postpartum psychosis. Risk factors include a history of mood disorders, lack of social support, stressful life events, and having a child with special needs. Left untreated, postpartum depression can negatively impact the mother's bonding with her infant and the infant's cognitive, social, and emotional development. Screening tools like the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale can help identify at-risk mothers so they can receive appropriate treatment.
Children are at high risk of emotional disorders. These have become the most common reasons for their visits to the psychiatrist.
They include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma and stress-related disorders.
This slide explains each of these in details.
Enjoy
Demystifying Postpartum Depression And Anxiety For Moms And DadsSummit Health
This presentation identifies the symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety that can occur in both mothers and fathers, how to seek support, as well as know when to seek treatment.
Major depression is more common in the elderly than younger adults. Factors involved in the etiology of depression in the elderly include degenerative processes, somatic comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, and psychosocial stressors such as bereavement, loneliness, and admission to assisted living facilities. Clinical characteristics of depression that are more frequent in the elderly include delusional depression, somatic complaints, and executive dysfunction. Treatment involves cognitive evaluation, basic medical testing, and neuroimaging. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are considered first-line antidepressant treatments, though dose adjustments may be needed and alternative therapies like psychotherapy, exercise, or electroconvulsive therapy can also be beneficial. Special
Nurses and nursing assistants play a crucial role in recognizing and treating depression in elderly patients. [1] Studies show that nurses and assistants recognize around 50% of depressive episodes in elderly patients. [2] Recognition can be improved through staff training and the use of screening tools. [3] Non-pharmacological interventions led by nurses, such as behavior therapy, exercise, music therapy and emotion-oriented care, can effectively treat depression. [4] Proper communication between nurses, patients, families and doctors is key to optimizing depression care for elderly individuals.
This document provides an overview of postpartum depression (PPD). It discusses the signs and symptoms of PPD which include feelings of sadness, guilt, and inadequacy. It also examines the risk factors for developing PPD, such as a history of depression, lack of social support, financial instability, unintended pregnancy, and obstetric complications. The document suggests PPD may be influenced by genetic and hormonal factors related to changes during and after pregnancy.
Elder abuse is mistreatment of older adults. It can include physical, sexual, psychological, financial abuse and neglect. Risk factors include age, disability, dementia, social isolation, family stressors, and low socioeconomic status. A comprehensive geriatric assessment identifies abuse. A multidisciplinary team manages cases and includes geriatricians, social workers, and community care.
Two case examples are described. The first involves an 82-year-old woman neglected by her son, appearing unkempt with bruises. The second is a 90-year-old woman in an elder's home with skin damage and malnutrition, suggesting neglect. Education and a multidisciplinary approach can help address elder abuse issues.
Introduction to Depressive Disorders in Children and AdolescentsStephen Grcevich, MD
This document provides an overview of a course on depressive disorders in children and adolescents. The four sessions will cover epidemiology and clinical presentation, evaluation and diagnosis, pharmacotherapy and medical treatments, and non-pharmacologic treatments. Key points include variations in depressive symptoms by developmental stage, diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, importance of differential diagnosis and high rates of comorbidity. Rating scales are commonly used but have limitations. Factors like family history, medical conditions, and environment contribute to risk.
Mental disorders are common in the elderly, including depression, suicide, anxiety, and dementia. Diagnosing these disorders can be difficult, as symptoms may be caused by physical health problems or medications. Approximately 7 million older adults suffer from depression, which is not normal aging, and those with depression often attempt suicide successfully. Factors that contribute to depression include altered sleep, poor nutrition, pain, illness, loss of a spouse, isolation, substance abuse, and life changes like injury. Physicians use charts to determine if memory loss is normal aging or a sign of dementia by considering independence, concern of family members, impairment of recent memory and skills.
- Between 15-30% of new mothers suffer from mild depression in the postpartum period, while 10% are likely to experience major depressive illness. The risk of developing severe mental illness like postpartum psychosis or severe depression is increased 16-fold, especially in the first 3 months after delivery.
- Risk factors for mild postpartum depression tend to be psychosocial, like being single, young, having a short interval between pregnancies, or a history of chronic life difficulties or prior social services involvement. Risk factors for more serious conditions are often biological, like primiparity or a personal or family history of psychiatric issues.
- Conditions range from the mild and common "baby blues" experienced by most
Multiple Personalities
Multiple Personalities
Multiple personalities is a rare mental disorder in which an individual's personality appears to be separated by two or more specific personalities, all being connectable to that of a normal individual.
Incidence
Statistics show that the rate of DID occurrences are roughly .01% to 1% of the general population.
-More than 1/3 of people say that they feel as if they are watching themselves in a movie at times, and 7% of the population may have undiagnosed dissociative disorder.
Causes
The causes of multiple personalities disorder is controversial. The debate of many different hypothesis include:
-Could possibly be a reaction to a trauma.
-An innate ability to dissociate easily.
-Repeated episodes of severe physical or sexual abuse
as a child.
-The lack of supportive or comforting people to counteract
abusive relationships.
-The influence of other relatives with dissociative
symptoms or disorders.
Symptoms
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, symptoms include "the presence or two or more distinct identities or personality traits"that alternate control of the individuals behavior, accompanied by the inability to recall personal information beyond what is expected through normal forgetfulness.
-Amnesia
-Depersonalization
-Derealization
-Identity Disturbances
Diagnosis
There is not real way to determine whether or not a person has DID. Many physicians have different outlooks on what DID is and what determines if a patient has the disorder or not. Most are misdiagnosed as depressed. But the average DID patient is in the mental health care system for 6 to 7 years before being diagnosed as a person with DID.
-The criteria, according to the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, require that an adult be recurrently controlled by two or more discrete personalities, accompanied my memory lapses for important information that is not caused by alcohol, drugs, or medications.
Home Base Business Opportunities
http://freedomofsuccess.com
A complete 8-Step 'Money Getting' Formula ($297 Value) In this High-Value Video Training Series, I'll learn the most effective ways to build a successful online business and the Core 'Must Have' principals to Effective Entrepreneurship in today’s market. These videos outline your BIGGEST money making principals all in one place Watch Video Here http://freedomofsuccess.com
Michelle Peck | Legal Nurse | Nurse Practitioner | Health Care | Geriatric | Consultant | Speaker | Educator | Researcher
During your journey through this slide deck of the geriatric populations 3 D’s, you will experience: the difference between geriatric dementia, geriatric delirium and geriatric depression; the global impact of dementia and the importance of a quality diagnosis; and the dementia assessment, management and treatment options.
The links in this slide deck lead you to expert geriatric teaching tools and videos that you will value and love.
According to the World Alzheimer Report if dementia care were a country, it would be the world’s 18th largest economy. The worldwide costs of dementia exceeded 1% of global GDP in 2010, at US$604 billion. If dementia were a company, it would be the world’s largest by annual revenue exceeding Wal-Mart (US$414 billion) and Exxon Mobil (US$311 billion). Geriatric populations are increasing and Alzheimer’s in the USA will ALMOST TRIPLE BY 2050. Let’s stay informed!
Learn it-Live it-Love it-Your path for a more informed life!
Michelle Peck | Legal Nurse | Nurse Practitioner | Health Care | Geriatric | Consultant | Speaker | Educator | Researcher
Geriatric Population the 3 D's Geriatric Dementia, Delirium and Depression 2015Michelle Peck
Michelle Peck | Legal Nurse Consultant | Adult & Geriatric Nurse Practitioner | Health Care | Consultant | Professional Speaker | Educator | Researcher
Enjoy your journey through this slide deck!
During your journey through Geriatric Dementia, Delirium and Depression, you will experience how to:
• Differentiate delirium, depression & dementia.
• Describe the etiology & signs and symptoms of delirium, depression, and dementia.
• Identify risk factors for delirium, depression, and dementia.
• Identify types of medications that may cause depression.
• Communicate and care for people experiencing delirium.
• Explain non-pharmacologic interventions for treating dementia.
In order to minimize risk and customize interventions, we have to know where and how our clients are living.
The picture on the first slide is from geriatric simulation lab, where nursing students practice administering geriatric assessment scales to identify areas of risk. What risks and hazards can you see in this picture?
What you can't see is that the V8 Splash bottle is actually whiskey, medications and incontinence briefs are scattered all over the floor and our client is using oxygen via nasal cannula while smoking. Would picking up the trash and organizing the house fix the problem? Fifty percent of the students verbalized wanting to clean up during their assessment visit and some asked if they could tidy up upsetting the client.
Every problem deserves a viable solution. A comprehensive geriatric assessment is in order and interventions need to follow by assembling the geriatric team.
Our client's assessment findings were all high risk.
View the geriatric assessment scales with how to administer articles & videos at http://consultgerirn.org/resources.
What do we do next? We need to assemble the geriatric team to intervene.
View assembling the geriatric team "Assessments and Referrals" at http://www.environmentalgeriatrics.org/cme/extra/noCredit.html.
Hopefully at minimum the discharging physician ordered the home health care services necessary to bridge our client's hospital to home care.
If the geriatric assessment scales were performed prior to hospital discharge the physician should have recognized that with all her high risk findings she should not have been discharged home alone. At minimum she requires 24 hour supervision for safety.
The students all felt our client was confused and attributed it to her whiskey drinking, but after performing her Mini Cog they realized she was screening positive for dementia. How many clients slip through the cracks because of lack of assessment?
Our client confabulated and was quite convincing until the students saw her clock draw. Now they knew environmental observations were much more important than client self-report.
A picture is worth a thousand words. We fail our clients until we learn the assessment skills required to paint an accurate picture.
This document discusses several mental health problems that can affect older adults, including delirium, dementia, depression, and Lewy body disease. It provides details on the symptoms, causes, risk factors, assessments, and management considerations for each condition. Delirium is an acute confusion state that often goes unrecognized in older patients. Dementia is a chronic syndrome involving multiple cognitive deficits. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and involves plaques and tangles in the brain. Vascular dementia results from brain injuries caused by problems with blood vessels. Depression is also very common in older adults and can develop due to physical and social risk factors.
V. Wright Adult i dementia delirium 14 with narativevanessawright
Here are some diagnostic tools that can be used:
- Mini-Mental State Exam (MSE) - 30 point questionnaire; tests orientation, attention, calculation, recall, language, and motor skills.
- Structural imaging tests like MRI and CT scans can show brain shrinkage in areas important for memory and thinking.
- Functional imaging tests like PET and SPECT scans show how well the brain is functioning by detecting glucose metabolism and blood flow. Areas of the brain important for memory and thinking show decreased activity in people with Alzheimer's disease.
- Spinal fluid tests - a sample of cerebrospinal fluid can be analyzed for beta-amyloid and tau protein levels. Elevated tau and beta-
Mr. TW, an 87-year-old man with multiple medical conditions and early dementia, has become confused, wandering at night, aggressive, and eating little over the past two days. His wife calls for nursing home placement but is distressed. His recent behavior change occurred after his dog died last month. He requires immediate medical evaluation to assess for potential underlying causes like delirium, a reversible acute confusion state often precipitated by illness, medication changes, or environmental stressors in vulnerable older adults like those with dementia.
Delirium is an acute organic mental state characterized by confusion, changes in consciousness, disturbances in attention, orientation, memory and perception. It affects 15-50% of hospitalized older adults and is more common in older people, though it can occur at any age. Delirium has many potential causes including infection, metabolic disturbances, vitamin deficiencies, endocrine disorders, drugs, alcohol withdrawal and surgery. Symptoms include altered consciousness, memory impairment, disorientation and fluctuating levels of attention and cognition. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and preventing complications which can include prolonged functional impairment or progression to coma. Prognosis is generally good with delirium often lasting about a week and full recovery being common
Delirium is a disturbance in attention, awareness and cognition that develops over a short period of time and tends to fluctuate. It is common in terminally ill patients, affecting up to 85%. Delirium causes distress for patients and families and conflicts with patient goals of cognitive awareness. It is important to assess for delirium using tools like the Confusion Assessment Method. The first step in managing delirium is to treat any underlying causes, such as infection, dehydration, or medication side effects. Non-pharmacological interventions include reorienting the patient, maintaining their sleep-wake cycle, and engaging family. As a last resort, antipsychotics may be used but they increase the risk of death.
Este caso describe a una mujer de 70 años que presentó un episodio de delirium. Inicialmente se le diagnosticó depresión y se inició tratamiento con antidepresivos e hipnóticos, pero sus síntomas empeoraron con confusión, desorientación e incontinencia. Al retirar los medicamentos, mejoró transitoriamente pero tuvo nuevos episodios. Un TAC reveló un hematoma subdural que fue evacuado, resolviéndose completamente el delirium.
Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic Disordersguestd889da58
This document provides information on delirium and dementia:
- Delirium is characterized by a rapid deterioration in higher cognitive functions, fluctuating mental status, and symptoms that last hours to days. Common causes include age over 60, drug or alcohol use, and prior brain injuries.
- Dementia involves impaired social or occupational functioning and impaired memory plus deficits in other cognitive domains. It is not the same as Alzheimer's disease but can be caused by conditions like Alzheimer's.
- Symptoms of dementia include disrupted sleep, wandering, and aggressive behavior in some patients. The prevalence of dementia increases significantly with age.
The document compares and contrasts elements from the film Delirium to other horror films. It notes that Delirium opens similarly to Saw with a victim already tied up. Victims in Delirium and Scream experience brief moments of relief before more horror. The antagonist's face is clearly seen in Delirium, unlike Psycho where the killer is only seen at the end. Victims in Delirium and Scream are chased and captured. Characters in Delirium wear surgical clothing like the villain in Creep, and use the same weapon as Leatherface in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre. While Delirium opens in a dark room, most of the film is shot in well-lit areas unlike
Delirium is an acute, fluctuating disturbance of consciousness associated with changes in cognition or the development of perceptual disturbances. It can present as hyperactive, hypoactive, or mixed. Hyperactive delirium involves agitation and repetitive behaviors while hypoactive delirium involves withdrawal and is often missed. Causes include substance use, medical conditions like infection or metabolic disorders, and head injuries. Haloperidol is commonly used to treat delirium though it can cause extrapyramidal symptoms and other side effects. A thorough history including baseline cognition and current medications aids in diagnosis and distinguishing delirium from dementia.
This document provides an overview of delirium, including its introduction, history, epidemiology, etiology, neuropathology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, course, prevention and management. Delirium is characterized by an acute change in mental status and cognition that fluctuates over the course of a day. It has a prevalence of 5-55% among elderly hospitalized patients and is associated with increased mortality, longer hospital stays and higher healthcare costs. The pathophysiology involves multiple neurotransmitter systems and risk factors include predisposing patient factors and precipitating insults like infection, medication side effects or metabolic disturbances. Prevention focuses on reducing risk factors and early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes.
Este documento describe los diferentes tipos de delirium y sus características. Se diferencian en su etiología: delirium debido a una enfermedad médica, delirium inducido por sustancias, delirium debido a múltiples etiologías, y delirium no especificado. Todos comparten la alteración de la conciencia y las funciones cognitivas, y fluctúan en gravedad a lo largo del día.
Este documento presenta información sobre delirium, incluyendo su definición, criterios diagnósticos, factores de riesgo, manifestaciones clínicas y etiología. Explica que delirium es un trastorno cerebral transitorio que se manifiesta a través de alteraciones en la atención, conciencia y cognición, y que puede ser causado por una variedad de condiciones médicas agudas.
Delirium o síndrome confusional agudo es un cuadro clínico caracterizado por una alteración aguda y fluctuante de la atención y la conciencia, asociado a factores predisponentes como la edad avanzada, comorbilidades y factores precipitantes como infecciones, cambios hidroelectrolíticos o fármacos. Su diagnóstico se basa en criterios clínicos e identificación de la causa subyacente, y su tratamiento consiste principalmente en medidas de soporte y control de síntomas, evitando el uso de
Delirium is an acute mental status change characterized by abnormal and fluctuating attention and reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain, and shift attention. It impairs cognition. It has an acute onset, fluctuating course, and is often caused by a medical condition. The diagnosis involves assessing attention, awareness, cognition, and determining if it is caused by an underlying medical condition based on criteria in the DSM-V. Predisposing factors include older age, dementia, visual impairment and severity of illness. Precipitating factors include medications, physical restraints and infections. It is diagnosed using mental status exams and scales like the CAM.
This document discusses an age-friendly primary care partnership between Fontenelle and UNMC's Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Program. It receives funding from HRSA and focuses on the 4 M's in primary care: Mentation, which includes delirium, dementia, and depression. Dementia is discussed in more detail, covering etiology, evaluation involving history, physical exam, and labs/imaging, diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease, and treatment options. Delirium is also summarized, including assessment using the Confusion Assessment Method.
Bipolar disorder can present in children and adolescents with manic, hypomanic, or depressive episodes. It is a chronic and disabling condition associated with impaired functioning. Treatment involves medication, psychoeducation, and psychotherapy to stabilize mood symptoms, improve coping skills, and prevent recurrences. Lithium, anticonvulsants, and second-generation antipsychotics are commonly used but require careful monitoring due to side effect risks.
A complete presentation about all-aspects of the Alzheimer's disease, including Patho Physiology, Treatment, Nursing Management, Prevention, Disease Overview, Clinical Manifestation, etc.
This document discusses neurocognitive disorders including delirium, major neurocognitive disorders such as dementia and amnestic syndrome, mild neurocognitive disorder, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. It provides details on the diagnostic criteria, clinical features, epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis of these conditions. Case studies are also presented to illustrate delirium and complex partial seizures.
Section 6 caring for persons with confusion and dementia-1baxtermom
This document discusses confusion, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. It begins by explaining how changes in the brain can cause cognitive issues. Confusion has many potential causes like infections, drugs, or reduced blood flow. Dementia involves loss of cognitive function interfering with daily life and is not normal aging. Early signs include memory loss or getting lost. Some dementias can be treated if caused by other medical issues. Alzheimer's disease damages brain cells controlling thinking and behavior, causing memory loss and other issues getting worse over time. Care involves supporting the person and family as the disease progresses and abilities decline.
Geriatric psychiatry deals with preventing, diagnosing, and treating psychological disorders in older adults. Psychiatrists must recognize physical and mental illnesses in older patients and determine how medical illnesses, medications, and age-related stressors impact them. A psychiatric examination of an older patient includes evaluating their cognitive status, suicidal thoughts, functional abilities, and signs of mental disorders that commonly affect the elderly like dementia and depression. Psychopharmacological treatment of geriatric patients requires a thorough medical evaluation and individualization of dosages to improve quality of life while maintaining independence.
1) Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline. It is the most common form of dementia.
2) The causes of Alzheimer's are not fully known but involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include increasing age, family history, head trauma, cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors.
3) Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. It includes cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, lifestyle interventions, and managing behavioral issues. Nursing care assesses cognitive and functional abilities and provides support for activities of daily living.
The document discusses depression and insomnia, including their epidemiology, assessment, and evidence-based treatments. It notes that depression affects over 350 million people globally and is a leading cause of disability. Common treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy, behavioral activation, mindfulness-based therapies, and various medications. Insomnia impacts up to 35% of some populations and is associated with health risks. Evaluation of insomnia involves assessing sleep patterns and behaviors, while treatments focus on improving sleep hygiene, relaxation, and stimulus control.
Major depressive disorder and childhood bipolar disorder can present with a variety of symptoms beyond just depressed mood. Assessment of these conditions requires evaluating potential comorbidities, social contexts, relationships, and risk factors. Treatment may involve antidepressant medication, psychotherapy like CBT, and monitoring for several months. Bipolar disorder in particular can be hard to diagnose in children due to overlapping symptoms with other conditions.
Emotional effects of a cancer diagnosis in younger women - Dee McKiernanIrish Cancer Society
This document summarizes the emotional effects of a cancer diagnosis for younger women. It discusses the typical emotional responses such as disbelief, fear, anger, and loss of control. Younger women face additional challenges with fertility, body image, and relationships. While distress is common, learning relaxation techniques, cognitive coping strategies, social support, and education can help with learning to cope.
This document provides information about mood disorders and suicide risk. It discusses the signs and symptoms of mood disorders like major depression and bipolar disorder. It notes that mood disorders are common in children and adolescents and often involve comorbid conditions. Left untreated, mood disorders can negatively impact school performance and social functioning and increase risks of self-harm and suicide. The document outlines strategies for recognizing mood disorders in students and assisting students who are recovering. It also provides guidance on assessing suicide risk and intervening to help ensure student safety and access to appropriate treatment and support.
Improving the Family Experience at the End of Life in Organ DonationAndi Chatburn, DO, MA
Communication skills strategies for improving family experience at the end of life for patients who die in the ICU after determination of brain death or after removing mechanical life support. Audience: Organ Procurement Organization staff and hospital administration
The document discusses mental health and mental illness. It defines mental health as a state of well-being and balance between an individual and their environment. Mental illness is defined as a maladjustment that disrupts one's ability to function normally. Common types of mental illness include bipolar disorder, depression, borderline personality disorder, OCD, schizophrenia, panic disorder, and PTSD. The causes of mental illness may include genetic traits, chemical imbalances in the brain, and psychological factors like stress. Treatment has improved over time but still aims to better help those suffering from mental illness.
This document provides information on various topics related to mental health, including defining psychological disorders, characteristics of good and poor mental health, mental illnesses, causes of mental illness, the DSM diagnostic system, psychological assessment and testing, common mental health disorders in children and adults, therapies and treatments. It discusses disorders like autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, schizophrenia and personality disorders. It also outlines various pharmacological treatments for mental illnesses including antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anti-anxiety medications and stimulants.
BEATING THE BLUES: PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR A COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMSummit Health
Lecture on depression, including information about causes, symptoms, and treatment. Learn to distinguish depression from feeling down. Find out how practical techniques can help improve short-term and long-term blue moods, sadness, and depression.
Geriatric depression is a common and serious problem. It affects 17-37% of older adults in primary care settings and 11-30% of older adult inpatients and long-term care residents. Risk factors include advancing age, living in long-term care, female gender, physical illness or disability, lack of social support, and low socioeconomic status. Symptoms include apathy, loss of interest, withdrawal, appetite changes, sleep problems, feelings of worthlessness, and vague physical complaints. Treatment involves ensuring safety, meeting physical needs, supportive counseling, group therapies, education, and medication management. Suicide risk is elevated and prevention requires limiting access, family involvement, contracts, and treating underlying depression.
Evaluation and Management of Behaviors in Persons with Cognitive ImpairmentVITAS Healthcare
The goal of this webinar is to enable healthcare clinicians to implement a comprehensive approach to non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management of dementia-related behaviors for the benefit of patients and their caregivers.
Evaluation and Management of Behaviors in Persons with Cognitive Impairment
The 3 ds 11 27 2012_presentation1
1. The 3 D’s:
Delirium, Dementia, and
Depression
Susan E. DeRosa, MS RN GCNS-BC
November 27, 2012
Genesee Valley Nurses Association
2. Objectives
• Define Delirium, Dementia, and Depression
• Describe the signs and symptoms of the 3 D’s
in the older adult
• Identify the nurse’s role in identifying risk and
interventions
3. It seems so basic…
• Individualized care
• Knowing the baseline
• Listening
• Consistency
4. Impact from any one of the 3 D’s
• Health care economics
• The older adult
• The family
• The primary care provider and staff
11. Expected Outcomes
• Absence of delirium
• Cognitive status returned to baseline
• Functional status returned to baseline
• Discharged to same destination at pre-
hospitalization
12. Alzheimer’s Dementia
• Slow onset-over years
• Stable symptoms
• Persistent memory changes
• Alert and stable level of consciousness
• Sleep fragmented
13. Alzheimer’s Dementia
Proposed Stages
• Preclinical
• Mild cognitive impairment
• Dementia-includes the current stages of
mild, moderate, and severe
14. Risk Factors for Dementia
• Advancing age, but not normal aging
• First degree relative
• Apolipoprotein e4 (APOE-e4) gene
• Mild cognitive impairment with memory
problems
• Cardiovascular disease risk factors
• Social engagement and diet
• Head trauma and traumatic brain injury
16. Intervention for
Alzheimer’s Dementia
• Individualized
• Pre-planning
• Change of intervention with disease
progression
• Appropriate use of tx options
• Good management of coexisting conditions
• Coordinated care with related communication
17. Expected Outcomes
• Older adult independent & functional in
environment of choice for as long as possible
• Co-morbid conditions well managed
• Distressing symptoms minimized & controlled
18. Depression
• Syndrome with multiple causes with
symptoms of affective, cognitive, somatic
and/or physical manifestations
19. S & S of Depression
• Mood change
• Loss of interest
• Weight gain or loss
• Sleep disturbance
• Fatigue and loss of energy
• Diminished concentration
• Suicidal thoughts
20. Risk factors for Depression
• Alcohol/substance abuse
• Co-morbid conditions
• Functional disabilities
• Social isolation
• Loss
• Side effect of medications
21. Interventions for Depression
• Monitor & promote
nutrition, elimination, sleep/rest
patterns, pain management
• Promote physical function
• Social support
• Maximize self efficacy
• Structure of daily activities
• Safety precautions as necessary
24. Resources
www.consultgerirn.org geriatric protocols.
On this site you will find the “Try This” series:
– Confusion Assessment Method
– Geriatric Depression Screen
– Assessing and Managing Delirium in Persons with
Dementia
– Mental Status Assessment of Older Adults: the
Mini-Cog
Editor's Notes
The economics---in billions for each D. It ranges from the uncompensated family caregiver to the extended stay in the hospital or the need for long term care because the older adult can’t be at home anymoreThe older adult- any change in mental and emotional status eventually impacts the functional status. It is the level of independence in function that determines living situation, belief in self, quality of life , and sometimes length of life
sleep/wake cycle can be reversedhypoactive/hyperactive mixed/fluctuating coursecan be anxiety, anger, agitationHowever, the majority are hypoactive….the quiet ones…..who slip or fall to the floor, wander, don’t eat although capable, etc. What else have you seen?
CAM- importance of, frequencyInterventions:
meds such as anticholinergics, opiods, etc.some hospitals have an informational brochure on delirium and check and see if a data sheet completed by pt/family on patterns, habits, routines.
develops as a result of multiple factors rather than a single causeAlzheimer’s is a continuum with the individual showing changes as the brain deteriorates and is no longer able to compensate for the neuronal damage.
prior to this proposal we had the mild/early stage, the moderate/mid stage and the severe/late stage. New technologies are providing some opportunity to diagnose earlier. preclinical –no detectable memory loss, early changes in brain identified, cerebrospinal fluid and/or blood (biomarkers) .May be seen as many as 20 years before symptoms Mild cognitive impairment-mild, noticeable to older adult and family, however, doesn’t impact ability to carry out every day activity. 10-20% of people over 65 have MCI. nearly half of people who visit their doctor about MCI develop dementia in next 3-4 years. Not all older adults with MCI go on to develop dementiabiomarkers: level of beta-amyloid accumulation in the brain and nerve cells in the brain are injured or actually degenerating.developing “disease modifying treatments that would be effective during preclinical and MCI stages.dementia
48% of those > 85 yo have dementiaAPOE-e4 is one of 3 common forms that carries cholesterol in the bloodstreamCV risk factors: inactivity, diabetes, smoking, obesity can impact brain health.
No medications available to slow or stop the progression. the current medications temporarily improve symptoms