that or which

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1
That,Who, or
Which?
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2
Lesson Vocabulary!
Term Definition
essential completely necessary; extremely important in a
particular situation or for a particular activity
non-essential not completely necessary

Which, who, that
What is the purpose of these
words?
What do they do?
3https://pixabay.com/photos/books-pages-story-stories-notes-1245690/ shared under CC0https://pixabay.com/photos/books-study-literature-learn-stack-2158737/ shared under CC0https://pixabay.com/illustrations/artificial-intelligence-brain-think-4389372/ shared under CC0

Which, who, that
They are relative pronouns.
What is a relative pronoun?
A relative pronoun is used to connect a
clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun.
A relative pronoun leads into a relative
clause that provides information about
the noun.

Which, who, that
They are relative pronouns.
That and who are used for people.
Which and that are used for people.

Which, who, that
Find the noun.
The book that I thought I lost is on the shelf.
Moby Dick, which was written by Herman Melville, is my favourite novel.
6
Example 1

Which, who, that
Find the noun.
Moby Dick, which was written by Herman Melville, is my favourite
novel.
7
Example 1

Which, who, that
Find the pronoun.
8
Example 1

Which, who, that
Find the pronoun.
novel.
9
Example 1

Which, who, that
Find the relative clause.
novel.
10
Example 1

Which, who, that
If I remove the relative clause, does this sentence make sense?
The book is on the shelf.
11
Example 1

Which, who, that
No, it doesn’t!
The book is on the shelf.
“That” is used for essential information.
This information identifies the noun you’re talking about.
If you take the relative clause out of the sentence then the sentence
loses its meaning.
12
Example 1

Which, who, that
Moby Dick is my favourite novel.
13
Example 1

Which, who, that
Yes, it does!
Moby Dick is my favourite novel.
“Which” and “who” are used for non-essential information about the noun.
If you take the relative clause out of the sentence then the sentence doesn’t
lose its meaning.
14
Example 1

Which, who, that
Moby Dick, which was written by Herman Melville, is my
favourite novel.
Bonus! When a clause is between two commas it is a non-___
clause.
15
Example 1

Which, who, that
Moby Dick, which was written by Herman Melville, is my
favourite novel.
Bonus! When a clause is between two commas it is a non-
essential clause.
16
Example 1

Summary
17
1. “That” is used for essential information.
This information identifies the noun you’re talking about.
If you take the relative clause out of the sentence then the sentence loses its
meaning.
Example/ The watch that you stepped on cannot be repaired.
2. “Which” and “who” are used for non-essential information about the noun.
If you take the relative clause out of the sentence then the sentence doesn’t lose its
meaning.
Example/ My iPad, which connects to the cloud, is on the shelf.

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Let’spractice!
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19
1. Mandel’s Shoe Store, ___ is one of my favourite stores in the mall,
is getting remodelled soon.
2. Taxicabs ___ do not pass inspection cannot transport tourists to the mall.
3. The buildings ___ were hit by lightning had to be demolished.
4. Cars, ___ are necessary in today’s world, should be well-maintained.
“That” is for important information.
“Which/who” is for non-essential
information.
https://pixabay.com/photos/books-pages-story-stories-notes-1245690/ shared under CC0

20
1. Mandel’s Shoe Store, which is one of my favourite stores in the mall,
is getting remodelled soon.
2. Taxicabs that do not pass inspection cannot transport tourists to the mall.
3. The buildings that were hit by lightning had to be demolished.
4. Cars, which are necessary in today’s world, should be well-maintained.
information.

21
5. The tables ___ are in the middle of the lunch room must be washed.
6. Dogs ___ bite children must be taken to the pound.
7. Cats , ___ often seem lazy, can be playful at times, too.
8. Houses ___ were built before 1910 should have wiring checked.
information.

22
5. The tables that are in the middle of the lunch room must be washed.
6. Dogs that bite children must be taken to the pound.
7. Cats , which often seem lazy, can be playful at times, too.
8. Houses that were built before 1910 should have wiring checked.
information.

23
9. The boy ___ broke the window will pay for it.
10. His brother, ___ works at the supermarket, is a friend of mine.
11. The boy ___ broke the window will pay for it.
information.

24
9. The boy that broke the window will pay for it.
10. His brother, who works at the supermarket, is a friend of mine.
11. The boy that broke the window will pay for it.
information.

Let’s practice!
Join these two sentences using that, which, or who.
1. The meeting was interesting. I went to
it yesterday.
2. I saw a dog running down the street. It
was black and white.
3. The man was kind. I talked to him last
week.
26https://pixabay.com/photos/books-pages-story-stories-notes-1245690/ shared under CC0

Let’s practice!
1. The meeting was interesting. I went to
it yesterday.
The meeting that I went to yesterday was
interesting.
2. I saw a dog running down the street. It
I saw a dog running down the street who
3. The man was kind. I talked to him last
week.
The man, who I talked to last week, was
kind.

Let’s practice!
4. The picture was beautiful. She was
looking at it.
5. The man is standing over there. I was
telling you about him.

Let’s practice!
4. The picture was beautiful. She was
looking at it.
The picture that she was looking at was
beautiful.
5. The man is standing over there. I was
telling you about him.
The man, who I was telling you about, is
standing over there.

Questions?
30
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Thankyou!
Blaine
broberts@myenglishonline.ca
livelearn.ca
1-204-946-5140
website
livelearn.ca
email
info@myenglishonline.ca

that or which

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