Modals of Necessity & Obligation (CLB 5+) Lunch & Learn English Online Inc.

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ModalsofNecessity&
Obligation
CLBlevel 5+
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Guess the job:
Using the following clues, guess the job:
1. You have to be supportive and encouraging.
2. You have to be well-prepared and creative.
3. You have to be knowlegable.
4. You have to like working with people.
5. You have to work in a classroom.

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Guess the job:
Using the following clues, guess the job:
1. You have to be supportive.
2. You have to be well-prepared and creative.
3. You have to be knowledgable.
4. You have to like working with people.
5. You have to work in a classroom.
ANSWER: A teacher

5. 5
Guess the job:
Using the following clues, guess the job:
1. You have to work indoors.
2. You have to like talking to people.
3. You have to stand for a long period of time.
4. You must work with your hands and be creative.

6. 6
Guess the job:
Using the following clues, guess the job:
1. You have to work indoors.
2. You have to like talking to people.
3. You have to stand for a long period of time.
4. You must work with your hands and be creative.
5. You must sweep the floor often.
6. You have to cut other people’s hair.

7. 7
Guess the job:
Using the following clues, guess the job:
1. You have to work indoors.
2. You have to like talking to people.
3. You have to stand for a long period of time.
4. You must work with your hands and be creative.
5. You must sweep the floor often.
6. You have to cut other people’s hair.
ANSWER: A Hair stylist

8. Modals – A quick review
What are modals…?
Modals, or modal verbs, are auxiliary or “helping” verbs. They come
before the main verb to give it more meaning.
What are some examples of modal verbs?
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9. Modals – A quick review
English modal verbs include:
must, shall, will, should, would, can, could, may, and might.
have to, have got to.
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10. Modals – A quick review
What are modals…?
Modals are always followed by a base verb.
The base form of a verb is a verb without an ending, like “ed”, “ing” or
“s”.
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11. Modals – A quick review
“We use them to do things like talk about ability, ask permission, and
make requests and offers:
I can swim. ABILITY
May I ask a question? PERMISSION
Could I have some tea, please?” REQUEST
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12. Modals – Necessity & Obligation
We also use modals to talk about necessity and obligation. These
include “must, have to and have got to.” These modals are used to express
rules or strong advice.
What is a necessity?
What is an obligation?
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13. Modals – Necessity & Obligation
Necessity (noun) – the need for something, something you need.
Example: Water is a necessity for life.
Obligation (noun) – something you do because you feel you must or
have to.
Example: As a parent, you have an obligation to care for
your children.
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14. Modals of Obligation
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We use must or have / has to to say that it is necessary to do something:
Must:
• is the strongest modal and is more common in writing.
• is usually used for things that are situational.
• can be used in the negative (must not/mustn’t)
• is rarely used in questions.

15. Modals of Obligation
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Must (Examples):
She must come to work on time.
I must finish my homework today.
What are some things you must do?

16. Modals of Obligation
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We use must or have / has to to say that it is necessary to do something:
Have to (or has to):
• is more common in spoken English.
• is more commonly used for things that YOU decide are important.
• can be used in the negative: (don’t have to/doesn’t have to)
• can be used for questions: (Do you have to…?)

17. Modals of Obligation
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Have to/Has to: Examples:
They have to pack for their trip to Mexico.
I have to make dinner tonight.
Do you have to visit your grandparents on the weekend?
What is something you “have to” do?

18. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
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Let’s have a look:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POFfLs0Uaio&ab_channel=OxfordOnline
English

19. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
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MUST (Examples - negative):
We use mustn’t / must not to say that it is necessary to not do something.
Examples:
You mustn’t / must not make any noise in the library.
You mustn’t / must not say anything to her. It's a surprise.

20. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
MUST NOT (Examples):
He must not be late for work.
You must not forget your English homework.
I must not text her too early.
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21. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
MUST (Examples - Questions):
***Using “must” for questions is formal and uncommon.
Must I cook again tonight?
Must you talk so loudly?
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22. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
HAVE TO/HAS TO:
• is the most common of these modals.
• is used most often in spoken English.
• is useful for forming questions and negatives.
I/We/They: have to
He/She/It: has to
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23. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
HAVE/HAS TO (Examples):
She has to cook dinner this evening.
I have to mail that letter.
Do they have to move before the end of the
month?
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24. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
HAVE TO – Negatives
To form the negative, we add “don’t” or doesn’t”
(depending on the subject) to “have to”.
I/We/They don’t have to
She/He/It doesn’t have to
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25. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
HAVE TO – Negatives
To form the negative, we add “don’t” or doesn’t”
(depending on the subject) to “have to”.
She doesn’t have to cook dinner this evening.
I don’t have to mail that letter.
They don’t have to move before the end of the
month.
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26. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
HAVE GOT TO:
• is most common in informal speech.
• is never used for forming questions and negatives.
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27. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
HAVE/HAS GOT TO (Examples):
I/We/They have got to
He/She/It has got to
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28. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
HAVE/HAS GOT TO (Examples):
I have got to get groceries tonight.
He has got to stop talking so much.
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29. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
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IMPORTANT NOTE - Negatives
Don’t have to and must not have very different meanings in English.
Must not (mustn’t) expresses strong obligation—you cannot do
something.
You must not be late for work again.
Don’t have to means you can choose not to do something, but you can
do it if you want to.
You don’t have to come in early this morning.

30. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
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PRONUNCIATION NOTES - Reductions
In spoken English, native English speakers often reduce modals.
This means that some sounds change or disappear when words are spoken
together. This is also called a “reduction.”
Listen to how the following sentences sound:

31. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
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PRONUNCIATION NOTES:
source: Ellii.com

32. Modals of Obligation & Necessity
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PRONUNCIATION NOTES:
Even though the pronunciation changes, the spelling (in written English) does not.

33. https://pixabay.com/photos/books-bookstore-book-reading-shop-1204038/ shared under CC0
Let’spractice!
https://pixabay.com/photos/books-bookstore-book-reading-shop-1204038/ shared under CC0

34. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”:
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1. We must arrive to class on time.

35. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”:
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1. We must arrive to class on time.
We have to arrive to class on time.

36. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”:
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2. I have to study harder in English class.

37. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”:
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2. I have to study harder in English class.
I must study harder in English class.

38. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”:
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3. She has to return the library book today.

39. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”:
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3. She has to return the library book today.
She must return the library book today.

40. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”:
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4. My friend has to get more sleep at night.

41. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”:
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4. My friend has to get more sleep at night.
My friend must get more sleep at night.

42. Unscramble the sentences:
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1. wear / must / business attire / at the office/ You

43. Unscramble the sentences:
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1. wear / must / business attire / at the office/ you
You must wear business attire at the office.

44. Unscramble the sentences:
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2. I / the schedule / every morning / have to / check

45. Unscramble the sentences:
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2. I / the schedule / every morning / have to / check
I have to check the schedule every morning.

46. Unscramble the sentences:
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3. get to know / You / the bus schedule / must

47. Unscramble the sentences:
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3. get to know / you / the bus schedule / must
You must get to know the bus schedule.

48. Unscramble the sentences:
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4. he / Does / have to / come / early/ work / to / ?

49. Unscramble the sentences:
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4. he / Does / have to / come / early/ work / to / ?
Does he have to come to work early?

50. Unscramble the sentences:
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5. must / to / come / You / not / late / work

51. Unscramble the sentences:
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5. must / to / come / you / not / late / work
You must not come late to work.

52. Unscramble the sentences:
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6. your computer / home / at night / mustn’t / take / You

53. Unscramble the sentences:
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6. your computer / home / at night / mustn’t / take / you
You mustn’t take your computer home at night.

54. Unscramble the sentences:
54
7. clean up / have got to / your work station / before you
leave / You

55. Unscramble the sentences:
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7. clean up / have got to / your work station / before you leave /
You
You have got to clean up your work station before you
leave.

56. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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1. I _________________ get to work on time.

57. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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1. I must/have to get to work on time.

58. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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2. Do I ________________ do my English homework?

59. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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2. Do I have to do my English homework?

60. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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3. She __________________ not drive the car. She doesn’t have a
license.

61. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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3. She must not drive the car. She doesn’t have a license.

62. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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4. I _______________________ get groceries on the way home from
work. My refrigerator is empty!

63. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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4. I have to/must get groceries on the way home from work.
My refrigerator is empty!

64. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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5. He _______________ not drink so much coffee! He will never
sleep tonight.

65. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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5. He must not drink so much coffee! He will never sleep
tonight.

66. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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6. I _______________ give you directions to my house if you are
coming to the party on Saturday.

67. Use a modal of necessity or obligation (must / have to / has to) to
complete the sentences:
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6. I have to/must give you directions to my house if you are
coming to the party on Saturday.

68. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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Example:
1. I __________________ forget to lock up when I leave.

69. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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Example:
1. I __________________ forget to lock up when I leave.
I must not forget to lock up when I leave.

70. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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2. My father _____________________ eat junk food every day because it’s
bad for his heart.

71. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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2. My father must not eat junk food every day because it’s bad for his
heart.

72. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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3. You ________________ read the entire article if you don’t want to.

73. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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3. You don’t have to read the entire article if you don’t want to.

74. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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4. She’s lucky. She _________________ finish her homework before going
out tonight.

75. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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4. She’s lucky. She doesn’t have to finish her homework before going
out tonight.

76. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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5. We _____________________ plan our trip right now. We can wait for
another time.

77. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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5. We don’t have to plan our trip right now. We can wait for another
time.

78. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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6. We __________________ be late for the morning meeting.

79. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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6. We must not be late for the morning meeting.

80. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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7. You ________________ apologize. It is not your fault.

81. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the
verb.
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7. You don’t have to apologize. It is not your fault.

82. More Practice:
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https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-obligation-
exercise-1.html

83. Discussion: Practice: has/have to:
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Form questions using the following phrases and ask a classmate. Begin
your question with “Do you have to…”
1. Get up early every morning?
2. Cook dinner every day?
3. Check your email often?

84. Discussion: Which modal is best? Which modal is better to use in the
following sentences (must OR have to). Remember “must” is more
common to use for external circumstances. “Have to” is more common
for the things that you decide are important.
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1. Get to work on time.
2. Get more sleep at night.
3. Eat healthier.
4. Buy a ticket to ride the bus.

85. Questions?
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https://pixabay.com/photos/cup-of-coffee-laptop-office-macbook-1280537/ shared under CC0

86. Homework:
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1. Think about some things that you “must” or “have to” do (or not do).
2. Write 3 sentences telling me about them.
3. Use the modals must, must not, can’t, have to, don’t have to, and / or have
got to in your sentences.
Examples: In Canada, you must have a license to drive a vehicle.
I have to get up early if I want to eat breakfast.

87. HOMEWORK: The details
1. Submit your homework to Lori on Skype: live:loramoren
2. I will correct it and provide feedback.

88. Sources:
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https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-
reference/modal-verbs
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-obligation.html
https://app.ellii.com/lesson/2019-modals-of-necessity-obligation
https://continuingstudies.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/330-modals-
necessity/#:~:text=Let's%20read%20about%20how%20to,is%20most%20com
mon%20in%20writing.

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90. Thankyou!
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Skype: live:loramoren
livelearn.ca

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