This document discusses applications of nanotechnology in textiles. It begins by defining nanotechnology as dealing with structures less than 100 nm. It describes how nano materials are used in pigments, computer chips, and surfaces to create properties like self-cleaning. Specific nanomaterials discussed for textiles include silver for antimicrobial effects, silicon dioxide for ceramic coatings, and titanium dioxide for UV protection and photocatalysis. The document also discusses functional materials for properties like waterproofing and breathability, as well as intelligent and smart materials under development. Examples of nanotechnology applications in textiles include antimicrobial silver coatings, ceramic coatings using sol-gel processes, and titanium dioxide coatings to improve ultraviolet protection. The document

1. NanoTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILES

2. INTRODUCTIONnanos (greek) means dwarf

3. technologies dealing with structures less than 100 nm

4. 1 nm is a trillionth of 1 m (10-9m)

5. surface properties play a more important role compared to

6. the volume properties - therefore:

7. Richard Phillips Feynman “There is plenty of room at the

8. Bottom” is considered to be the “father” of nanotechnolgy

9. interdisciplinary interaction of sciences (physics, chemistry)

10. therefore nanotechnology is called a convergent technology

11. nano materials are already of significance todayNano Products Available in the Marketpigments (most important)

12. up-to-date computer chips (nano lithography)

13. surface functionalisation with nano layers or composites“self-cleaning” surfaces (“lotus-leaf effect”)optically functional surfaces for antireflective coatings of displays (“moth-eye effect”)chemical nano-products already exist for a long time:like TiO2 or ZnOnanoparticles in sunscreenstextile research focuses on new functional properties:soil-repellence, UV-protection, abrasion resistance, drug delivery...

14. SOME APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILES1) Ag (antimicrobial activity)2) SiO2 (sol-gel, ceramic layers)3) TiO2 (UV-protection, photocatalysis)4) bionics: shark-skin effect, self-cleaning surfaces

15. FUNCTIONAL/INTELLIGENT MATERIALSfunctional materials (on the market) waterproof, wind- tight, breathable, humidity transport etc. optimized material properties e.g. color fastness, tensile and abrasion resistance, heat- proof, cold-resistantintelligent materials (under development) developments with new raw materials development with additional electronic functionssmart materials (in the market)smell release or odor controladvanced wearing comfort and heat insulationindividually adjustable heat insulationmicrocapsules with phase change materials (PCM)reflection materials

16. EM field protection

17. UV protectionAntimicrobial Fiber Modification(biochemical effect with nano silver)antimicrobial body wear caused by increasing customer awareness of hygiene odor control

18. medical applications

19. silver nanoparticles in the fiber

20. silver nano coating

21. high washing fastness

22. done by electrospinningMicro fiber silver coatingbraced silvercoating on thefiber surfacemicrofibercross section

23. Ceramic Coating (Sol-Gel-Process) matrix-precursor (SiO2 nanoparticles with cross-linking silicium organic compounds)

24. functional additives- solventTemp.LyogelSolXerogeltextileProperties:mechanical: reinforcing, scratch-resistant, antistatic, anti-adhesiveoptical: interference colors, UV protection, IR absorptionbiological: antimicrobial, medical applications

25. How to improve the UPF of Textiles(ultraviolet protection factor)+ fabric design+ tighter weaving or knitting+ higher weight+ textile finishing+ organic dyes absorbing UV light+ optical brighteners (in detergents)+ dark coloration+ fiber modification+ TiO2, ZnOnano pigments for dulling of chemical fibers+ coating is essential to prevent photocatalytic reactions

26. Fiber Raw Materials and UV ProtectionPolyester (PET, PPT, PBT)+ terephthalic acid absorbs in the spectral UV range+ protection is increased by additional dulling (µ/n-TiO2)+ best protection possiblePolyamide (PA 6, PA 6,6) - nylon+ only „full dull“ types provide good protectionnatural fibers (cotton, wool, linen)) & regen. cellulose fibers (CV, CLY)+ little to no protection at all (especially when wet)+ full dull viscose (TiO2) was available a few years ago

27. Application of nano TiO2 on FibersPA uncoatedPA 2 % nano-TiO2 coating

28. UPF after nano TiO2 CoatingUPF Rating according to AS/NZS 4399:199660 505040 35 3030 2520 1010 5 0UPF (2 % Nano-TiO2)UPFUPF (uncoated)CO (100 %) 142 g/m2PES/CO (50/50) 125 g/m2PA (100 %) 97 g/m2

29. Photocatalytic Degradation of Matterwith TiO2 (Anatase Crystal-Modification)+ photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles in anatase crystalmodification in presence with UV-radiation, water andoxygen generate free radicals+ radicals destroy organic substances+ catalytic process, therefore large and free accessiblesurface area (e.g. nano) is required

30. PhotocatalysisWhen a semiconductor material is illuminated with ultra band gap light it becomes a powerful redox catalyst capable of killing bacteria, cleaning water, and even splitting water to give hydrogen and oxygen.

31. When photocatalyst titanium dioxide (TiO2) absorbs Ultraviolet (UV)* radiation from sunlight or illuminated light source (fluorescent lamps), it will produce pairs of electrons and holes. The electron of the valence band of titanium dioxide becomes excited when illuminated by light. The excess energy of this excited electron promoted the electron to the conduction band of titanium dioxide therefore creating the negative-electron (e-) and positive-hole (h+) pair. This stage is referred as the semiconductor's 'photo-excitation' state. The energy difference between the valence band and the conduction band is known as the 'Band Gap'. Wavelength of the light necessary for photo-excitation is: 1240 (Planck's constant, h) / 3.2 ev (band gap energy) = 388 nmThe positive-hole of titanium dioxide breaks apart the water molecule to form hydrogen gas and hydroxyl radical. The negative-electron reacts with oxygen molecule to form super oxide anion. This cycle continues when light is available.