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1. Subject : Introduction to Textiles

2. Explanation of diff. type of
Textile Fiber’s
Textile Fiber’s
Types of Fibers
Content
Fiber

3. It is defined as one of the delicate, hair
portions of the tissues of a plant or
animal or other substances that are
very small in diameter in relation to
their length. A fiber is a material which
is several hundred times as long as its
thick.
Fiber’s

4. Manmade Fiber’s
Natural fibers include those produced by plants,
animals, and geological processes. They are
biodegradable over time. They can be classified
according to their origin.
Animal (i.e., silk fiber and wool fiber);
Mineral (i.e., asbestos fiber); or
Vegetable origin (i.e., cotton fiber, flax fiber,
jute fiber, and ramie fiber).
Natural Fiber’s
It is also known as Manufactured fiber. Synthetic
or man-made fibers generally come from
synthetic materials such as petrochemicals. But
some types of synthetic fibers are manufactured
from natural cellulose; including rayon, modal, and
the more recently developed Lyocell.
Polymers synthesized from chemical
compounds, e.g., Nylon fiber, polyester fiber
Modified or transformed natural polymers, e.g.
such as acetates fiber and rayon's fiber.
Types of Fiber’s

5. Textile fiber has some characteristics
which differ between fiber to Textile
fiber. Textile fiber can be spun into a
yarn or made into a fabric by various
methods including weaving, knitting,
braiding, felting, and twisting.
Textile Fiber’s

6. Wool fiber is the natural hair grown on
sheep and is composed of protein
substance called as keratin. Wool is
composed of carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen and this is the only animal
fiber, which contains sulfur in addition.
The wool fibers have crimps or curls,
which create pockets and give the wool
a spongy feel
Wool Fiber
Properties of Wool Fiber
They have excellent absorbency.
Moisture regain is high.
They tend to be warmer than others.

7. Among the seed and fruit fibers, cotton
has grown in stature as the most
important textile fiber in the world. In
fact, cotton is the backbone and
foundation of the world’s textile trade
and industry. Cotton is a natural
vegetable fiber produced in the cotton
plant in many countries of the world.
Cotton Fiber
Properties of cotton Fiber
Length of cotton fiber varies from 16mm to
52 mm depending upon the type of cotton..
Its tensile strength is between wool and silk
fiber, but disadvantage is low extension at
break which is 5-7%.They tend to be warmer
than others.

8. Nylon-6,6 (PA66) is semi crystalline
polyamide commonly used in fiber
applications such as carpeting, clothing,
and tire cord. It is also used as an
engineering material in bearings and
gears due to its good abrasion
resistance and self-lubricating
properties.
Nylon Fiber
Properties of Nylon Fiber
Glass transition temperature: 50oC.
Melting temperature: 255oC.
Amorphous density at 25oC: 1.07
g/cm3.

9. Polyester is a category of polymer
whose monomer contains the ester
functional group. The most common
polyester for fiber purposes is poly
(ethylene terephthalate), or simply PET.
This is also the polymer used for many
soft drink bottles and pillows.
Polyester Fiber
Properties of Nylon Fiber
%Moisture Regain: 0.4.
Elastic Recovery @2% =98 : @5% =
65.
Effect of Sunlight turns yellow,.

10. Thanks!
Any Questions?