Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone that causes male sexual development during fetal and pubertal stages. It stimulates the development of male genitalia and secondary sex characteristics. Important male reproductive health issues include prostate concerns like benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, low testosterone levels leading to erectile dysfunction, and male infertility. Treatment options depend on the specific condition but may include medication, surgery, hormone therapy, and assisted reproductive technologies. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle supports overall male reproductive health.

1. ENDOCRINOLOGY ON MALE
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND
Dr L.Dabashini Devi
Professor & HOD,
Department of OBG Nursing
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3. TESTOSTERONE
It is a steroid hormone from the
androgen group.
It is the principal male sex hormone
and an anabolic steroid.
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4. Factors influencing the testosterone
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5. FUNCTION OF TESTOSTERONE:
During fetal development:
1. Causes formation of the prostate
gland, seminal vesicles and male genital
ducts.
2. Suppressing the formation of female
genital organs.
3. Just before birth, it causes the descent
of the testes from the abdominal cavity
into scrotal sac. 5

6. During puberty development:
1 .Causes enlargement of penis, scrotum and testes.
2. Influence the secondary male sex characteristics as
aggressive behaviour and body hair patterns (over
pubis, face and chest).
3. Stimulates maturation of sperm cell.
4.Stimulates bone growth by increases the total
quantity of bone matrix and causes calcium
retention.
5- Stimulates protein build up in muscles production
muscular development, typical of males with more
bulk and firmness in their muscular physique.
6- Causes enlargement of the thyroid cartilage.
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10. ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AND MALE
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
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11. IMPORTANT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ISSUES IN
MEN
1. Prostate concerns: enlarged
prostate and prostate cancer
2.Male hypogonadism—effects of low
testosterone
3.Male infertility—inability to produce sperm
adequate for reproduction
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12. 1. Prostrate related:
•Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an
enlargement of the prostate gland. As men age,
it’s common for the prostate to get larger.
Treatment:
-Medication
-surgery.
•Prostate cancer: Other than skin cancer, it is the
most common cancer in U.S. About one in six
men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer
during his lifetime, but only one man in 33 will
die of this disease.
Treatment :
-surgery
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13. 2. LOW TESTOSTERONE:
Erectile dysfunction (ED), or impotence, is
the inability to consistently initiate or keep
an erection long enough to have satisfactory
sex. To maintain an erection, blood must be
able to flow into and stay in the penis until
orgasm.
TREATMENT
•Medicine
•Penile therapies
•Testosterone replacement therapy
•Devices and surgery
•Psychological counseling
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14. About one-third of infertility cases are caused by fertility problems in men
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15. •DECREASED LIBIDO
Libido is the desire to engage in sexual activity. About
5% of men have decreased libido, a condition that
increases with age.
Treatment: Adopting a healthier lifestyle, such as
exercising regularly, eating a healthy diet, getting
enough sleep, reducing stress, and/or limiting
alcohol, can help resolve the problem.
•Other treatment options may include switching
medications, treating an underlying
condition, testosterone replacement hormone
therapy .
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16. Gynecomastia is breast enlargement in boys
or men due to a benign (non-cancerous)
increase in breast tissue.
Treatment:
•Medicines
•Surgery to remove breast tissue (especially
for men who have a lot of breast tissue or
who have had gynecomastia for a long time).
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17. 3. INFERTILITY :
Problems in the male partner affect about 40 percent of
infertile couples.
Treatment for male infertility depends on the cause.
• SURGERY: Surgery can repair a blockage in the sperm
transport system.
• HORMONE THERAPY: If the cause is due to low
testosterone, treatment with hormone injections (LH
and FSH) is usually successful.
• ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES: These
treatments include inserting collected sperm into the
womb, mixing sperm with an egg outside the body (in
vitro fertilization or IVF), or injecting a single sperm into
an egg (intracytoplasmic sperm injection or ICSI).
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18. TIPS FOR SOUND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
•Balanced diet that is high in fiber and low in
fat.
•Drink plenty of water.
•Get regular exercise.
•Maintain a healthy weight.
•Get enough sleep.
•Avoid using tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs.
•Manage stress in healthy ways.
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