Testbytes is a community of software testers who are passionate about quality and love to test. We develop an in-depth understanding of the applications under test and include software testing strategies that deliver quantifiable results.
In short, we help in building incredible software.
Testing.
Software Testing.
Types of Testing
System Testing, Unit Testing , Integration Testing , User Testing
Categories of system testing
Black box Testing , White box Testing
The key for any flawless product or application is the elimination of all malfunctionalities. This PPT will shed light on the key elements under bug reporting wherein the role of a tester and a programmer becomes essential in reporting bugs. To know more on bug reporting techniques, concepts of severity and priority, defect identifier, explicit description, go through this presentation as well as the upcoming ones.
A Survey Of Agile Development MethodologiesAbdul Basit
In this Article,
we provide an introduction to agile development methodologies and an overview of four
specific methodologies:
• Extreme Programming
• Crystal Methods
• Scrum
• Feature Driven Development
Testbytes is a community of software testers who are passionate about quality and love to test. We develop an in-depth understanding of the applications under test and include software testing strategies that deliver quantifiable results.
In short, we help in building incredible software.
Testing.
Software Testing.
Types of Testing
System Testing, Unit Testing , Integration Testing , User Testing
Categories of system testing
Black box Testing , White box Testing
The key for any flawless product or application is the elimination of all malfunctionalities. This PPT will shed light on the key elements under bug reporting wherein the role of a tester and a programmer becomes essential in reporting bugs. To know more on bug reporting techniques, concepts of severity and priority, defect identifier, explicit description, go through this presentation as well as the upcoming ones.
A Survey Of Agile Development MethodologiesAbdul Basit
In this Article,
we provide an introduction to agile development methodologies and an overview of four
specific methodologies:
• Extreme Programming
• Crystal Methods
• Scrum
• Feature Driven Development
WHITE BOX & BLACK BOXTESTING IN DATABASESalman Memon
White box & black box are software testing methods.
Software testing is a process that should be done during the development process. In other words software testing is a verification and validation process.
Verification : is the process to make sure the product satisfies the conditions imposed at the start of the development phase. In other words, to make sure the product behaves the way we want it to.
http://phpexecutor.com
Now to answer, “What is Testing?” we can go by the famous definition of Myers, which says, “Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors”
We describe basic of software testing and cover whole topic of software testing like what is software testing,types of testing,methods,models and much more. You can see and learn and get all information of software testing.Software testing is a process of execute program or application with the intent of finding the software bugs.
Foundation level testing Concepts,Non function testing ,Non-Functional testing ,Selenium Tool,
What is Software Testing Software Testing is an activity in software development.
It is an investigation performed against a software to provide information about the quality of the software to stakeholders.
Software testing is associated with the two terms.
Validation: Are we doing the right job?
Verification: Are we doing the job right?
Case study "Virtual Show Room" – VSR,water fall model,General Principles of Testing,
The General V-Model
Unit Testing
Component Testing
Integration Testing
System Testing
Acceptance Testing
This is the power point presentation on Software Testing. Software Testing is the process of finding error or bug in the developed software product based on the client requirement.
This power point presentation give the basic knowledge about the software testing.
Learn more at blog : --
https://solutionbyexpert.blogspot.com/2020/08/become-expert-secret-of-success-ii.html
for mathematics classes visit the below link ---
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g07wTZYYzKo&t=188s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KleKFXSXGPY&t=853s
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ha1sxMy4mU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2k5uI6Gm-8Y
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
1. Testing Fundamentals
Topics
–
–
–
–
covered
What is black-box and white-box testing
How static and dynamic testing differ
What high-level techniques can be used for
reviewing a product specification
What specific problems should look for when
reviewing a product specification in detail
2. Product Specification
The product specification is a written document using
words and pictures to describe the intended product.
Produce spec might read something like this for
Windows Calculator:
–
–
The Edit menu will have two selections: Copy and Paste. These can be chosen by one of
three methods: pointing and clicking to the menu items with the mouse, using accesskeys (Alt+E and then C for Copy and P for Paste), or using the standard Windows
shortcut keys of Ctrl+C for Copy and Ctrl+V for Paste.
The Copy function will copy the current entry displayed in the number text box into the
Windows Clipboard. The Paste function will paste the value stored in the Windows
Clipboard into the number text box.
3. Black-Box Testing
Black Box Testing is testing without knowledge of the
internal workings of the item being tested. For
example, when black box testing is applied to software
engineering, the tester would only know the "legal"
inputs and what the expected outputs should be, but
not how the program actually arrives at those outputs.
Black-box testing is sometimes referred to as
functional testing or behavioral testing.
The test planning for black-box can begin as soon as
the specifications are written.
4. Advantages of Black-Box Testing
more effective on larger units of code than glass box
testing
tester needs no knowledge of implementation,
including specific programming languages
tester and programmer are independent of each other
tests are done from a user's point of view
will help to expose any ambiguities or inconsistencies
in the specifications
test cases can be designed as soon as the
specifications are complete
5. Disadvantages of Black Box
Testing
only a small number of possible inputs can actually be tested, to
test every possible input stream would take nearly forever
without clear and concise specifications, test cases are hard to
design
there may be unnecessary repetition of test inputs if the tester is
not informed of test cases the programmer has already tried
may leave many program paths untested
cannot be directed toward specific segments of code which may
be very complex (and therefore more error prone)
most testing related research has been directed toward glass box
testing
6. Tests under Black-Box Testing
Equivalence partitioning: Equivalence partitioning is designed to
minimize the number of test cases by dividing tests in such a way
that the system is expected to act the same way for all tests of
each equivalence partition. Test inputs would be selected from
each partition.
Boundary value Analysis is a form of black box testing in which
input values at the boundaries of the input domain are tested. It
has been widely recognized that input values at the extreme ends
of, and just outside of, input domains tend to cause errors in
system functionality.
7. Tests under Black-Box Testing
(Cont..)
Smoke
Test: A smoke test is a cursory
examination of all of the basic components of a
software system to ensure that they work.
Typically, smoke testing is conducted
immediately after a software build is made.
The term comes from electrical engineering,
where in order to test electronic equipment,
power is applied and the tester ensures that
the product does not spark or smoke.
8. White-Box Testing
White-box testing is testing that takes into account the internal
mechanism of a system or component (IEEE, 1990).
White-box testing is also known as structural testing, clear box
testing, and glass box testing (Beizer, 1995).
In order to implement white box testing, the tester has to deal with
the code and hence is needed to possess knowledge of coding
and logic i.e. internal working of the code.
White box test also needs the tester to look into the code and find
out which unit/statement/chunk of the code is malfunctioning.
9. Advantages of White-Box Testing
As
the knowledge of internal coding structure is
prerequisite, it becomes very easy to find out
which type of input/data can help in testing the
application effectively.
The other advantage of white box testing is
that it helps in optimizing the code
It helps in removing the extra lines of code,
which can bring in hidden defects.
10. Disadvantages of White-Box
Testing
As
knowledge of code and internal structure is
a prerequisite, a skilled tester is needed to
carry out this type of testing, which increases
the cost.
And it is nearly impossible to look into every bit
of code to find out hidden errors, which may
create problems, resulting in failure of the
application.
11. Types of testing under White/Glass
Box Testing Strategy
Unit Testing: The developer carries out unit testing in
order to check if the particular module or unit of code is
working fine.
Static and dynamic Analysis: Static analysis involves
going through the code in order to find out any possible
defect in the code. Dynamic analysis involves
executing the code and analyzing the output.
Statement Coverage: In this type of testing the code is
executed in such a manner that every statement of the
application is executed at least once. It helps in
assuring that all the statements execute without any
side effect.
12. Types of testing under White/Glass
Box Testing Strategy (cont..)
Branch Coverage: Branch coverage testing helps in
validating of all the branches in the code and making
sure that no branching leads to abnormal behavior of
the application.
Security Testing: Security Testing is carried out in
order to find out how well the system can protect itself
from unauthorized access, hacking – cracking, any
code damage etc.
Mutation Testing: A kind of testing in which, the
application is tested for the code that was modified
after fixing a particular bug/defect.
13. Performing a High-Level Review
Defining the Software Product is a difficult process.
The process is an inexact science and is prone to
having problems.
Examine the specification for large fundamental
problems.
It will give better understanding of what the software
should do.
Better understanding of the whys and hows behind
the specifications.
14. Pretend to be the Customer
A
tester is to pretend to be the customer when
received a specification for review.
Do some research about who the customer will
be.
Know about the end user.
Find out who will be using the software and talk
to them.
15. Pretend to be the Customer (cont..)
It
is important to understand the customer’s
expectations.
Remember that the definition of quality
means “meeting the customer’s needs”.
Tester must understand those needs to test.
Tester is not necessary to be a domain expert
Gaining some familiarity with the field the
software applies to would be a great help.
16. Pretend to be the Customer (cont..)
During
the review if you don’t understand it,
don’t assume that it’s correct and go on.
Eventually you will have to use specification to
design your test cases
Finding bugs along the way is better.
Don’t forget about software security.
Security must be specified in details.
17. Research Existing Standards and
Guidelines
Difference
between standards and guidelines
is a matter of degree.
A standard is much more firm than a guideline.
Standards should be strictly adhered to.
Guidelines are optional but should be followed.
As a tester your job is not to define what
guidelines and standards should be applied.
This lies with Project Manager.
18. Several examples of standards and
guidelines
Corporate
–
If the software is tailored for a specific company, it
should adopt the common terms and conventions
used by the employees of that company.
Industry
–
Terminology and Conventions:
Requirements:
Medical, pharmaceutical, industrial, and financial
industries have very strict standards that their
software must follow.
19. Several examples of standards and
guidelines
Government Standards:
– The government, especially the military, has strict
standards.
Graphical User Interface (GUI):
– There are published standards and guidelines of
Microsoft and Apple Macintosh Operating Systems
– How the software should look and fee to a user.
Security: Software and its interfaces and protocols
may need to meet certain security standards or levels.
20. Review and Test Similar Software
Some things to look for when reviewing competitive
products include:
Scale:
–
–
–
Fewer or greater features
Less or more code
Will that size difference matter in your testing?
Complexity:
–
–
More or less complex
Will this impact your testing?
21. Review and Test Similar Software
Testability:
–
Will you have the resources, time, and expertise to
test software such as this?
Quality/Reliability:
–
–
Is this software representative of the overall quality
planned for your software?
Will your software be more or less reliable?
Security:
–
How does the competitor’s software security?
22. Review and Test Similar Software
There
–
–
–
is no substitute for hands-on experience.
Use the similar software
Bang on it.
Demonstrate it.
Gain
a lot of experience and it will help during
the review of specification.
23. Review and Test Similar Software
Don’t
forget about reading online and printed
software reviews and articles about the
competitive software.
This can be especially helpful for security
issues
They will be well know in the press.
24. Low-Level Specification Test Techniques:
Specification Attributes Checklist
Complete. Is anything missing or forgotten? Is it
thorough? Does it include everything necessary to
make it stand alone?
Accurate. Is the proposed solution correct? Does it
properly define the goal? Are there any errors?
Precise, Unambiguous, and Clear. Is the description
exact and not vague? Is there a single interpretation?
Is it easy to read and understand?
Consistent. Is the description of the feature written so
that it doesn't conflict with itself or other items in the
specification?
25. Specification Attributes Checklist
Relevant. Is the statement necessary to specify the feature? Is it
extra information that should be left out? Is the feature traceable
to an original customer need?
Feasible. Can the feature be implemented with the available
personnel, tools, and resources within the specified budget and
schedule?
Code-free. Does the specification stick with defining the product
and not the underlying software design, architecture, and code?
Testable. Can the feature be tested? Is enough information
provided that a tester could create tests to verify its operation?
26. Specification Terminology Checklist
Always, Every, All, None, Never. If you see words
such as these that denote something as certain or
absolute, make sure that it is, indeed, certain. Put on
your tester's hat and think of cases that violate them.
Certainly, Therefore, Clearly, Obviously, Evidently.
These words tend to persuade you into accepting
something as a given. Don't fall into the trap.
Some, Sometimes, Often, Usually, Ordinarily,
Customarily, Most, Mostly. These words are too
vague. It's impossible to test a feature that operates
"sometimes."
27. Specification Terminology Checklist
Etc., And So Forth, And So On, Such As. Lists that finish with
words such as these aren't testable. Lists need to be absolute or
explained so that there's no confusion as to how the series is
generated and what appears next in the list.
Good, Fast, Cheap, Efficient, Small, Stable. These are
unquantifiable terms. They aren't testable. If they appear in a
specification, they must be further defined to explain exactly what
they mean.
Handled, Processed, Rejected, Skipped, Eliminated. These
terms can hide large amounts of functionality that need to be
specified.
If…Then…(but missing Else). Look for statements that have
"If…Then" clauses but don't have a matching "Else." Ask yourself
what will happen if the "if" doesn't happen.