Atul

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A MINI PROJECT REPORT
ON
WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION TESLA
COIL
Submitted to faculty of engineering and technology
SUNDERDEEP ENGINEERING COLLEGE
,GHAZIABAD

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In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Submitted To- Submitted By-
Prof. Priya Upadhyay ATUL
Dept. ECE/EEE 190240021001
DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE
I hereby declare that the project report entitled “Wireless
Power Transmission Through Tesla Coil”submitted by me
to SUNDERDEEP ENGINEERING COLLEGE
GHAZIABAD, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of the degree of B.Tech.(Electrical & Electronics
Engineering) is a record of Jth component of project work
carried out by me under the guidance of Prof. Mrs Priya
Upadhyay. I further declare that the work reported in this
project has not been submitted and will not be submitted, either
in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma
in this institute or any other institute or university.
Place: GHAZIABAD Signature of the Candidate
Date: 5th
NOV, 2022

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INDEX
1.INTRODUCTION 5
2.DEFINITION 6
3.TESLA'S EXPERIMENT 6-8
-History
4.PRINCIPLE 8-9
-Electromagnetic Induction
5.COMPONENTS 9-16
-1kpf and 10kpf capacitors
-Mosfet IRFZ44N
-IC555
-Resistors 100 ohm and 1k ohm
-Copper wire
-Ordinary breadboard wires
-LED
-Breadboard
-Battery
-Non-conducting material Object

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-On/Off Switch
-Torus
6.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 16-17
7.WORKING 17-18
8.APPLICATIONS 18-20
-Tesla coil in entertainment
9.CONCLUSION 20
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Name Page No.
Figure.1 7
Figure.2 9
Figure.3 10
Figure.4 11
Figure.5 11
Figure.6 12
Figure.7 12
Figure.8 13
Figure.9 14
Figure.10 14
Figure.11 15

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Figure.12 15
Figure.13 16
Figure.14 16
Figure.15 17
Figure.16 18
Figure.17 19
Figure.18
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INTRODUCTION
In this era of modernization, electricity has become the unavoidable
part of life.The major source of conventional form of electricity is
through wires.One of the major issue in power system is losses
occurring during the transmission and distribution of electrical power.
The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is
approximated as 26%.The main reason for power loss during
transmission and distribution is resistance of wires used in grid.
According to world resource institute(WRI),India‘s electricity grid has
the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world –a
whopping 27-40%.Tesla has proposed methods of transmission of
electricity using electromagnetic induction.
The Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by
inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891. It is used to produce high-voltage, low-
current, high frequency alternating-current electricity.Tesla
experimented with a number of different configurations consisting of
two, or sometimes three, coupled resonant electric circuits.
Tesla used these circuits to conduct innovative experiments in
electrical lighting, phosphorescence, X-ray generation, high
frequencyalternating current phenomena, electrotherapy, and
the transmission of electrical energy without wires. Tesla coil circuits
were used commercially in sparkgap radio transmitters for wireless
telegraphy until the 1920s, and in medical equipment such

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as electrotherapy and violet ray devices. Today their main use is for
entertainment and educational displays, although small coils area still
used today as leak detectors for high vacuum systems.
DEFIINATION
 As the word wireless means “WITHOUT WIRE”. Wireless energy
transfer or wireless power is the transmission electrical energy from
a power source to an electric load without interconnecting man made
conductors.
 Wireless transmission is useful in cases where interconnecting wires
are inconvenient, hazardous or impossible. WiTricity ensures that
the cell phones, laptops, iPods and other power hungry devices get
charged on their own, eliminating the need of plugging them in.
 Because of Witricity these devices won’t require batteries to operate.
TESLA'S EXPERIMENT
 Tesla demonstrating wireless power transmission in a lecture at
Columbia College, New York, in 1891.
 The two metal sheets are connected to his Tesla coil oscillator, which
applies a high frequency oscillating voltage. The oscillating electric
fields between the sheets ionizes the low pressure gas in the two long
Geissler tubes he is holding, causing them to glow by fluorescence,
similar to neon lights. Experiment in resonant inductive transfer by
Tesla at Colorado Springs 1899.
 The coil is in resonance with Tesla’s magnifying transmitter nearby,
powering the light bulb at bottom. Inventor Nikola Tesla performed

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the first experiments in wireless power transmission in wireless
power transmission at the turn of the 20th century, and may have
done more to popularize the idea than any other individual.
 In the period 1891 to 1904 he experimented with transmitting power
by inductive and capacitive coupling using spark-excited radio
frequency resonant transformer, now Called Tesla coils, which
generated high AC voltages. With these he was able to transmit
power for short distances without wires.
 In demonstrations before the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers and the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago he lit light
bulbs from across a stage.He found he could increase the distance
by using a receiving LC circuit tuned to resonance with the
transmitter’s LC circuit, using resonant inductive coupling.
 At his Colorado springs laboratory during 1899-1900,by using
voltages of the order of 10 megavolts generated by an enormous
coil.He was able to light three incandescent lamps at a distance of a
about one hundred feet.
 The resonant inductive which Tesla pioneered is now a familiar
technology used throughout electronics and is currently being
widely applied to short-range wireless power systems.

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Figure.1:Tesla coil experiment
History:
 Sir Nicolai Tesla was the first one to propose and research the idea
of wireless transmission in 1899, since then many scholars and
scientists have been working to make his dream a reality.
 1899: Tesla continues wireless power transmission research in
Colorado springs and writes “The inferiority of the induction method
would appear immense as compared with the disturbed charge of
ground and air method”.
 1961: William C. Brown publishes an article exploring possibilities
of microwave power transmission.
 2009: Sony shows a wireless electrodynamics- induction powered
TV set, 60 watts over 50 cm.
 Experiments performed between 1888 and 1907 by Nicolai Tesla
 Started efforts on wireless transmission by 1891 in experimental
station at Colorado. He lightened a small incandescent lamp by
means of Resonant circuit grounded on one end. In 1901, Tesla
began construction of a large high voltage wireless power
transmission now called the Wardenclyffe tower at Shoreham, New
York. The idea of Tesla is taken research after 100 years by a team
led by Marine Soljacic from MIT. He used to lamp 200 lights from
40 km distance.

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PRINCIPLE:
Electromagnetic Induction
 The power of the Tesla coil lies in a process called electromagnetic
induction i.e., a changing magnetic field creates an electric potential
that compels current to flow.
 The flowing electric current generates a magnetic field. When
electricity flows through a wound up coil of wire, it generates a
magnetic field that fills the area around the coil in a particular
pattern, shown by the lines in the picture off to the side:
Figure.2: Magnetic flux lines through a wire
COMPONENT USED
1kPF and 10kPF Capacitors

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 A device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more
pairs of conductors separated by an insulator.
 Here it acts as voltage reference which is an electronic component
or circuit that produces a constant DC (direct-current) output
voltage regardless of variations in external conditions such as
temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, current demand, or
the passage of time.
Figure.3: Ceramic capacitors

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Mosfet IRFZ44N
 The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor
(MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a type of field effect
transistor (FET). It has an insulated gate, whose voltage determines
the conductivity of the device.
 The main advantage of a MOSFET over a regular transistor is that it
requires very little current to turn on (less than 1mA), while
delivering a much higher current to a load (10 to 50A or more).
 Here Gate is connected to the primary coil and source is connected
to the IC.
 The Main Aim of using mosfet here is to amplify the given voltage.
Figure.4:Mosfet(IRFZ44N)
IC 555

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 The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of
timer, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be
used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop
element. Derivatives provide two or four timing circuits in one
package.
 The main Aim of using this in our circuit is to oscillate the coming
wave if a steady wave is encountered then it changes the wave to
sine wave.
Figure.5:IC555
Resistors (1k ohm & 100 ohm)
 A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
 In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow,
adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements,
and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.

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Figure.6:100 ohm & 1000 ohm Resistors
Copper wire
 Used for primary coil and secondary coil.
 Thin wires are used to increase the number of turns.
 They are used to reduce the current loss as they are prefect
conductors.
Figure.7:22G Copper wire(for primary winding)
Ordinary breadboard wire
 Probably the most common breadboarding wire is simple solid core
wire.
 This is typically sold in spools of varying lengths and many
different colors.
 The
commonly
recommended
size for wire
associated with
bread boarding is
22awg or 0.64
mm.

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Figure.8: Insulated copper wires (for secondary winding)
LED
 LED stands for light emitting diode.
 LED lighting products produce light up to 90% more efficiently than
incandescent light bulbs. How do they work?
 An electrical current passes through a microchip, which illuminates
the tiny light sources we call LEDs and the result is visible light.
Figure.9: LED(Light Emitting Diodes)
Breadboard

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 Breadboards are one of the most fundamental pieces when learning
how to build circuits.
 In this tutorial, you will learn a little bit about what breadboards are,
why they are called breadboards, and how to use one.
 Once you are done you should have a basic understanding of how
breadboards work and be able to build a basic circuit on a
breadboard.
Figure.10: Breadboard
Battery
 An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or
more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering
electrical devices. When a battery is supplying power, its positive
terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode.
Figure.11: 9V battery
Non-Conducting material Object
 For that we need non conducting cylindrical material in our case we
used 3 inch and half feet PVC pipe (size may vary little) and Primary

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coil made with conducting wire (Use the insulated wire used to make
the circuit).
Figure.12: Non-Conducting material (pvc pipe etc.)
On/Off Switch
 This is type of switch is called SPST
(single pole, single throw) and its action
is described as ON-OFF. The switch
mechanism has two positions: closed =
on and open = off, but it is called 'single throw' because only one
position conducts.

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Figure.13: On/Off Switch
Torus
 This is called the torus, which is a metal sphere connected to the
secondary terminal of the coil.
 This directs sparks away from the primary and secondary loopings.
Since it has such a large surface area, arc discharges, air breakdown,
and energy loss are minimized. Figure.14: Torus
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 The below picture shows the circuit diagram of the tesla.
 The circuit has two sections which are primary and secondary coils
where each of the coils has its own capacitor.
 The capacitors are used for storing electrical energy just like how
the battery performs.connection between the coils and capacitors is
established by a spark gap which means that it is an air gap that
produces an electric spark.
 The power to the entire circuit is supplied by the transformer which
is hooked up to an external source.
 Mainly a tesla coil can be considered as two open electrical circuits
which are coupled using a spark gap.
 In general, a tesla coil requires a high level of power source, and this
can be provided by a transformer supplying the required amount of
power in the range of thousand volts.
 In this situation, the transformer holds the ability to convert low
voltage to a high level.
 Also, sometimes a capacitive electrode is used in the circuit which
is connected to the coil’s secondary terminal.
 The electrode’s huge area removes any kind of arc discharges and
air breakdowns thus enhancing the output voltage level and Q factor.

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Figure.15: Circuit Diagram for Tesla experiment
WORKING
 When we connect electric supply of 12 V then it get IC 555 to change
the wave form to Sine wave.
 The mosfet is used as an transistor amplifier which amplifies the
given DC voltage.
 The two capacitors are used to store energy and then provide the
stored energy to both the coils.
 There is mutual inductance between primary coil and secondary coil
and the output voltage is certain thousand volts. It is mainly due to
very high number of turns in secondary coil.
 When this high voltage is obtained the air near the secondary coil
which acted as insulator before now starts acting as conductor.
 Then the electrons flow inside the fluorescent light via air
establishing a wireless current and hence glowing the fluorescent
lamp.

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Figure.16: Schematic diagram of Tesla experiment
APPLICATION
 Tesla coil circuits were used commercially in spark gap radio
transmitters for wireless telegraphy telegraphy until the 1920s,and
in electrotherapy and pseudomedical devices such as violet ray.
 Today, although small Tesla coils are used as leak detectors in
scientific high vacuum systems and igniters in arc welders, their
main use is entertainment and educational displays.
 Tesla coils are built by many high-voltage enthusiasts, research
institutions, science museums, and independent experimenters.
 Although electronic circuit controllers have been developed, Tesla's
original spark gap design is less expensive and has proven extremely
reliable.

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Figure.17: Application of Tesla experiment in different fields
TESLA COIL IN ENTERTAINMENT
 Tesla coils can also be used to generate sounds, including music, by
modulating the system's effective "break rate" (i.e., the rate and
duration of high power RF bursts)
 Tesla coils are very popular devices among certain electrical
engineers and electronics enthusiasts. Builders of Tesla coils as a
hobby are called “Coilers". A very large Tesla coil, designed and
built by Syd Klinge, is shown every year at the Coachella Valley
Music and Arts Festival, in Coachella, Indio, California, USA.
 People attend "coiling" conventions where they display their home-
made Tesla coils and other electrical devices of interest.

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Figure.18: Application of Tesla experiment in entertainment field
CONCLUSION
 The main objective was to demonstrate wireless power transmission
using solid state tesla coils.
 Tesla coils are remarkable devices able to generate high voltage,
high frequency waveforms with little control circuitry.
 Most of the builders of Tesla coils are interested in producing
electric arcs and visible effects suitable for displays and general
amusement, not in producing power supplies and power effects units
which may have significant practical importance.
 It has demonstrated that tesla coils can be designed for wireless
power transmission.