terminologies.pptx
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This document defines various terminologies related to mental illness including: - Delusions which are firmly held beliefs not shared by others such as beliefs of being spied on or poisoned. Different types of delusions are described. - Hallucinations which are imaginary sensory perceptions that seem real without external stimuli such as seeing or hearing things that are not present. - Other terms defined include agitation, phobias, dementia, depression, mania, as well as types of thought disorders. Insight is also described as understanding of one's own illness.
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This document discusses respiratory disorders that are common causes of admission for neonatal and intensive care patients. It defines acute respiratory infections as infections of the respiratory tract, including the sinuses, middle ear and pleural cavity. Respiratory disorders are classified as either upper respiratory infections, which include the common cold, pharyngitis and tonsillitis, or lower respiratory infections such as bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Common symptoms, causes, diagnostic evaluations and nursing care are outlined for various respiratory conditions like the common cold, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis.
ACCIDENTS IN TODDLER.pptx
Toddlers are naturally curious and impulsive, making accidental injuries a leading cause of hospitalization. The document outlines common accidental injuries for toddlers such as motor vehicle accidents, burns, drowning, choking, and poisoning. It provides safety measures to help prevent these accidents, including constant supervision, locking away dangerous chemicals and objects, covering water sources, and teaching road safety. Accidents are mostly preventable through awareness and safety precautions.
child_care.ppt
This document compares different child care programs and their pros and cons. It discusses custodial care that focuses on basic needs, developmental care for intellectual growth, and comprehensive care combining both. Specific child care options covered include family day care, day care centers, Montessori schools, Head Start programs, nursery schools, latch key programs, parent cooperatives, lab schools, on-site day care, and play groups. For each, details are provided about their description, advantages, disadvantages, and local programs available.
growth assessment.pptx
This document discusses methods for assessing growth in children. It defines growth as the increase in size of organs and body mass through physical maturation. Growth can be measured through physical anthropometry, assessment of tissue growth, bone age, and dental age. Physical anthropometry includes measurements of weight, length/height, head circumference, chest circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, and body mass index. Tissue growth is assessed through skin fold thickness measurements. Bone age examines the ossification of carpal bones in wrist X-rays. Dental age charts the eruption timeline of primary and permanent teeth. Normative growth charts and calculations are provided for evaluating growth across these various domains.
BURN PEDIA.pptx
Burns are a significant cause of injury, especially in children under 5. They are often caused by fire or scalding liquids and can range from superficial to full thickness. Initial management involves airway protection, IV fluids based on burn size, antibiotics, dressings, and nutrition. Further treatment may include debridement, grafting, and reconstruction to minimize complications like infection, contractures and disfigurement. Proper management and rehabilitation can help reduce mortality and morbidity from burn injuries.
Perioperative care.pptx
This document provides information on preoperative care of pediatric patients. It discusses the importance of pre-op assessment, obtaining medical history and physical exam, investigations, postoperative care and potential complications. The main tasks of pre-op care are explained as assessing fitness for surgery, identifying risks and planning for operation. Key parts of physical exam include airway assessment, dentition, heart murmurs and neurological status. Common postoperative complications addressed are respiratory issues, cardiovascular problems like hypotension, pain, hypothermia, fever and wound care needs.
6. LEUKEMIA.pptx
This document provides information about leukemia including:
- It defines leukemia as cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by abnormal increase of immature white blood cells.
- The objectives are to explain hematopoiesis, classify leukemia, list causes and manifestations, and explain management.
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common childhood leukemia, accounting for 73% of cases. Prognosis depends on factors like age, white blood cell count, and specific genetic abnormalities.
- Treatment involves chemotherapy with induction, consolidation, and maintenance phases over 2-3 years, along with supportive care and stem cell transplantation in some cases. Late effects of treatment can include cognitive impairment and secondary cancers.
5. lymphomas.pptx
This document provides information about lymphoma, including its definition, epidemiology, classification, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Lymphoma is cancer that develops in the lymphatic system. It can be classified as Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The document outlines the specific objectives, types, diagnostic criteria, treatment approaches including chemotherapy regimens, complications, and prognostic factors for lymphoma.
4. hemophiliaa.pptx
Hemophilia is known as the "Royal Disease" because Queen Victoria of England was a carrier who passed the gene onto many of her descendants. Her son Leopold had hemophilia and died of a brain hemorrhage, and through her daughters the gene spread to the royal families of Spain and Russia. This helped popularize knowledge of the disease throughout Europe and gave it the name "Royal Disease".
3. anemia.pptx
The document discusses anemia, providing details on definition, causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that anemia affects 20% of children in the US and is caused by low red blood cells or hemoglobin. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and lab tests of blood counts and smears. The main types of anemia covered are iron deficiency, megaloblastic, hemolytic, thalassemia, and sickle cell anemia. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include oral iron, B12, folate supplements, or blood transfusions in severe cases.
2. Health statistics.ppt
The document discusses child health indicators and related terminology. It defines various periods in a child's life including neonatal, postnatal, and perinatal. It also defines terms like live birth, fetal death, preterm, low birth weight, and more. The document then discusses key health statistics and indicators used to measure child health, such as crude birth rate, infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, and under-5 mortality rate. It provides formulas for calculating several of these rates. Finally, it highlights statistics from Nepal's annual health report pertaining to neonatal health indicators like neonatal mortality rate and causes of neonatal death.
Genetics, IEM.ppt
This document provides an overview of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). It defines IEM as genetic disorders affecting biochemical pathways. The document classifies IEM into 3 main categories: intoxication disorders involving toxic metabolite accumulation, energy metabolism defects, and disorders of complex molecules/organelles. Symptoms of acute and chronic presentation are described. The document outlines diagnostic testing including blood/urine screens and specialized tests. Principles of management are discussed including supportive care. Specific clinical manifestations involving the neurological, hepatic, cardiac and ocular systems are also reviewed.
Behavioral Disorder.ppt
The document provides information on behavioral disorders in children, including oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It discusses causes such as genetics, poverty, poor parenting, and media exposure. Symptoms include harming others, property damage, lying, poor school performance, and tantrums. Diagnosis involves history and observation. Treatment includes medication, behavioral therapy, and special schooling. Nursing interventions focus on one-on-one support, positive reinforcement, language training, and ensuring a safe environment.
unit 3.pptx
The therapeutic nurse-patient relationship (NPR) is defined as a helping relationship based on mutual trust and respect that assists the patient with their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. The purposes of the NPR include facilitating communication, assisting with problem solving, and promoting self-care and independence. Key dimensions of the NPR include empathetic understanding, unconditional positive regard, therapeutic use of self, confidentiality, clear communication, and respect. The relationship progresses through pre-orientation, orientation, working, and termination phases with specific tasks for nurses in each phase such as establishing rapport, setting goals, and defining problems.
therapeutic relation+process recording.pptx
The document outlines the orientation, working, and termination phases of the nurse-patient relationship, describing barriers like resistance and transference in each phase as well as ways to overcome them such as self-evaluation and open communication. It also discusses the process of process recording, which involves taking a verbatim account of nurse-patient interactions along with inferences to improve skills and identify problems. The format presented includes documenting objectives, the interaction, and conclusions like care plans and difficulties faced.
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terminologies.pptx
- 2. Terminologies related to mental illness Agitation/Agitated • Restless, repeated activity arising from a person's anxiety or frustration. For example the person may be unable to stand or sit still and may be noticeably upset.
- 3. CONTD… Delusion • Delusions are psychotic symptoms of particular types of mental illness, such as schizophrenia. They are firmly held beliefs which are not held by other members of the person's social group. For example, they may believe they are being spied upon, followed, poisoned.
- 4. CONTD… Persecutory delusions: are often called paranoid. The person is suspicious of people believes that others are trying to harm him, trying to kill or person him. Delusions of grandeur: individuals with grandiose delusion have irrational ideas regarding their own worth, talent, knowledge or power.
- 5. CONTD… Delusion of reference (ideas of reference): Are concerned with idea that objects, events or people have a personal significance for the patient. For e.g. an article read in a newspaper is believed to be directed specifically to himself or false idea that people around talk about him and make fun of him.
- 6. CONTD… Nihilistic delusion: The false belief that the world is going to end or his body parts are missing etc. Delusion of control: Person believes that his actions, impulses or thoughts are controlled by some external agency.
- 7. CONTD… Hallucination • A psychotic symptom characterized by distorted or imaginary sensations of sight, hearing, smell, taste or touch that are experienced by the person as if real (without stimuli). For example, a person may see something that is not there or hear the voice of somebody who is not present.
- 8. CONTD… Illusion: The misinterpretation of real sensory stimulus. Example on seeing a rope in the dark, the person mistakes it for a snake or thinking that a shadow a bear.
- 9. Terms on disorder of form of thought • Fight of ideas: where in the person’s thoughts and conversation move quickly from one topic from another. • Neologism: A word newly coined or an everyday word used in a special way not readily understood by others. • Obsessions: are recurrent persistent thoughts, impulses or image that enter the mind despite the person’s efforts to exclude them.
- 10. CONTD… Insight • Refers to the level of understanding which a person suffering from a mental illness has into the nature of their illness, its causation and the possible treatments that are available
- 11. CONTD… Phobia • A persistent and unreasonable fear of specific places, events or objects which leads to avoidance of that situation and significantly impacts upon a person's life. For example, fear of crowds, public places, public speaking, insects or blood
- 12. CONTD… Dementia Significant loss of intellectual abilities such as memory capacity, severe enough to interfere with social or occupational functioning.
- 13. CONTD… Depression Depression is a mood disorder characterized by intense feelings of sadness that persist beyond a few weeks. It is associated with many physical symptoms such as disturbance of sleep, appetite, and concentration.
- 14. CONTD… Mania A symptom of bipolar disorder characterized by exaggerated excitement, physical over activity, and profuse and rapidly changing ideas (scattered or tangential thoughts). A person in a manic state feels an emotional high and generally follows their impulses.