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Nama : Nurkhalifah Anwar
Kelas : A1 2019
NIM : 1911041007
Tugas : Teori Bilangan
14. Buktikan bahwa jika 𝑎, 𝑏, dan 𝑐 ∈ ℤ,𝑎 < 𝑏 maka 𝑐 + 𝑎 < 𝑏 + 𝑐!
Jawaban :
Ambil 𝑎, 𝑏,𝑐 ∈ ℤ. sehingga :
𝑎 < 𝑏
𝑎 + 𝑘 = 𝑏 [𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖 "𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖ℎ 𝑘𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖"]
(𝑎 + 𝑘) + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 3.1 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡]
𝑎 + (𝑘 + 𝑐) = 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓]
𝑎 + (𝑐 + 𝑘) = 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓]
(𝑎 + 𝑐) + 𝑘 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓]
(𝑐 + 𝑎) + 𝑘 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓]
𝑐 + 𝑎 < 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖 "𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖ℎ 𝑘𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖"]
15. Buktikan bahwa jika 𝑎, 𝑏 dan 𝑐 ∈ ℤ, 𝑎 > 𝑏 maka 𝑎 + 𝑐 > 𝑏 + 𝑐!
Jawaban :
Ambil 𝑎, 𝑏,𝑐 ∈ ℤ. sehingga :
𝑎 > 𝑏
𝑎 = 𝑏 + 𝑘 [𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖 "𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖ℎ 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖"]
𝑎 + 𝑐 = (𝑏 + 𝑘) + 𝑐 [𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 3.1 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡]
𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + (𝑘 + 𝑐) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓]
𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + (𝑐 + 𝑘) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓]
𝑎 + 𝑐 = (𝑏 + 𝑐) + 𝑘 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓]
𝑎 + 𝑐 > 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖 "𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖ℎ 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖"]
16. Buktikan bahwa jika 𝑎 dan 𝑏 ∈ ℤ,−(𝑎 + 𝑏) = (−𝑎) + (−𝑏)!
Jawaban :
𝐴𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑙 𝑎,𝑏,𝑐 ∈ ℤ,𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑎 ∶
0 = 0 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑖𝑓]
−(𝑎 + 𝑏 ) + (𝑎 + 𝑏 ) = 0 [𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛]
[−(𝑎 + 𝑏) + (𝑎 + 𝑏 )] + (−𝑎 ) = 0 + (−𝑎) [𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 3.1]
[−(𝑎 + 𝑏 ) + (𝑎 + 𝑏)] + (−𝑎 ) = (−𝑎) [𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛]
−(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [(𝑎 + 𝑏 ) + (−𝑎 )] = (−𝑎 ) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓]
−(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [(𝑏 + 𝑎) + (−𝑎 )] = (−𝑎) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓]
−(𝑎 + 𝑏) + {𝑏 + [𝑎 + (−𝑎)]} = (−𝑎) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓]
−(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [𝑏 + (0)] = (−𝑎) [𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛]
−(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [𝑏] = (−𝑎) [𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛]
[−(𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑏] + (−𝑏) = (−𝑎) + (−𝑏) [𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 3.1]
−(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [𝑏 + (−𝑏)] = (−𝑎) + (−𝑏) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓]
−(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [0] = (−𝑎) + (−𝑏) [𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛]
−(𝑎 + 𝑏) = (−𝑎) + (−𝑏) [𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛]
17. Bukti bahwa jika a∈Z, maka 𝑎 × (−1) = −𝑎
Jawab :
Ambil a∈Z, sehingga :
0=0 [sifat refleksif]
[(-1)+1]=0 [invers penjumlahan]
[(-1)+1]×a=0×a [perkalian pada kesamaan]
[a×(-1)]+(a×1)=0×a [sifat distributif kanan]
[a×(-1)]+(a×1)=0 [teorema]
[a×(-1)]+a=0 [teorema 3.8]
{[a×(-1)]+a}+(-a)=0+(-a) [penjumlahan pada kesamaan]
{[a×(-1)]+a}+(-a)=(-a) [identitas penjumlahan]
[a×(-1)]+{a+(-a)}=-a [sifat asosiatif]
[a×(-1)]+0=-a [invers penjumlahan]
[a×(-1)=-a [identitas penjumlahan]
18 Bukti bahwa (-1)×(-1)=1
Jawab :
0 = 0 [sifat refleksif]
[(-1)+1]=0 [invers penjumlahan]
[(-1)+1]×(-1)=0×(-1) [perkalian pada kesamaan]
[(-1)+1]×(-1)=0 [teorema 3.8]
[(-1)×(-1)]+[1×(-1)]=0 [sifat distributif kanan]
[(-1)×(-1)]+(-1)=0 [teorema 3.9]
{[(-1)×(-1)]+(-1)}+1=0+1 [penjumlahan pada kesamaan]
[(-1)×(-1)]+{(-1)+1}=0+1 [sifat asosiatif]
[(-1)×(-1)]+0=0+1 [invers penjumlahan]
[(-1)×(-1)]=1 [sifat identitas penjumlahan]
19. Bukti bahwa:
a. 5>3
b. 17>2
Jawab :
a. 5 > 3 [diberikan]
5 = 3 + 𝑘 [∃𝑘 ∈ 𝐶 ∋]
Karena pada ruas kanan terdapat bilangan bulat k dan jika dijumlahkan dengan 3 maka akan
menghasilkan 5 sehingga benar untuk 5>3
b. 17 > 2 [diberikan]
17 = 2 + 𝑘 [∃𝑘 ∈ 𝐶 ∋]
Karena pada ruas kanan terdapat bilangan bulat k dan jika dijumlahkan dengan 2 maka akan
menghasilkan 17 sehingga benar untuk 17>2

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Teori bilangan (14 - 19)

  • 1. Nama : Nurkhalifah Anwar Kelas : A1 2019 NIM : 1911041007 Tugas : Teori Bilangan 14. Buktikan bahwa jika 𝑎, 𝑏, dan 𝑐 ∈ ℤ,𝑎 < 𝑏 maka 𝑐 + 𝑎 < 𝑏 + 𝑐! Jawaban : Ambil 𝑎, 𝑏,𝑐 ∈ ℤ. sehingga : 𝑎 < 𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑘 = 𝑏 [𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖 "𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖ℎ 𝑘𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖"] (𝑎 + 𝑘) + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 3.1 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡] 𝑎 + (𝑘 + 𝑐) = 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓] 𝑎 + (𝑐 + 𝑘) = 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓] (𝑎 + 𝑐) + 𝑘 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓] (𝑐 + 𝑎) + 𝑘 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓] 𝑐 + 𝑎 < 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖 "𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖ℎ 𝑘𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖"] 15. Buktikan bahwa jika 𝑎, 𝑏 dan 𝑐 ∈ ℤ, 𝑎 > 𝑏 maka 𝑎 + 𝑐 > 𝑏 + 𝑐! Jawaban : Ambil 𝑎, 𝑏,𝑐 ∈ ℤ. sehingga : 𝑎 > 𝑏 𝑎 = 𝑏 + 𝑘 [𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖 "𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖ℎ 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖"] 𝑎 + 𝑐 = (𝑏 + 𝑘) + 𝑐 [𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 3.1 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡] 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + (𝑘 + 𝑐) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓] 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + (𝑐 + 𝑘) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓] 𝑎 + 𝑐 = (𝑏 + 𝑐) + 𝑘 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓] 𝑎 + 𝑐 > 𝑏 + 𝑐 [𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖 "𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖ℎ 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖"] 16. Buktikan bahwa jika 𝑎 dan 𝑏 ∈ ℤ,−(𝑎 + 𝑏) = (−𝑎) + (−𝑏)!
  • 2. Jawaban : 𝐴𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑙 𝑎,𝑏,𝑐 ∈ ℤ,𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑎 ∶ 0 = 0 [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑖𝑓] −(𝑎 + 𝑏 ) + (𝑎 + 𝑏 ) = 0 [𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛] [−(𝑎 + 𝑏) + (𝑎 + 𝑏 )] + (−𝑎 ) = 0 + (−𝑎) [𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 3.1] [−(𝑎 + 𝑏 ) + (𝑎 + 𝑏)] + (−𝑎 ) = (−𝑎) [𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛] −(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [(𝑎 + 𝑏 ) + (−𝑎 )] = (−𝑎 ) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓] −(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [(𝑏 + 𝑎) + (−𝑎 )] = (−𝑎) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓] −(𝑎 + 𝑏) + {𝑏 + [𝑎 + (−𝑎)]} = (−𝑎) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓] −(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [𝑏 + (0)] = (−𝑎) [𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛] −(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [𝑏] = (−𝑎) [𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛] [−(𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑏] + (−𝑏) = (−𝑎) + (−𝑏) [𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 3.1] −(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [𝑏 + (−𝑏)] = (−𝑎) + (−𝑏) [𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓] −(𝑎 + 𝑏) + [0] = (−𝑎) + (−𝑏) [𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛] −(𝑎 + 𝑏) = (−𝑎) + (−𝑏) [𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛] 17. Bukti bahwa jika a∈Z, maka 𝑎 × (−1) = −𝑎 Jawab : Ambil a∈Z, sehingga : 0=0 [sifat refleksif] [(-1)+1]=0 [invers penjumlahan] [(-1)+1]×a=0×a [perkalian pada kesamaan] [a×(-1)]+(a×1)=0×a [sifat distributif kanan] [a×(-1)]+(a×1)=0 [teorema] [a×(-1)]+a=0 [teorema 3.8] {[a×(-1)]+a}+(-a)=0+(-a) [penjumlahan pada kesamaan] {[a×(-1)]+a}+(-a)=(-a) [identitas penjumlahan] [a×(-1)]+{a+(-a)}=-a [sifat asosiatif] [a×(-1)]+0=-a [invers penjumlahan]
  • 3. [a×(-1)=-a [identitas penjumlahan] 18 Bukti bahwa (-1)×(-1)=1 Jawab : 0 = 0 [sifat refleksif] [(-1)+1]=0 [invers penjumlahan] [(-1)+1]×(-1)=0×(-1) [perkalian pada kesamaan] [(-1)+1]×(-1)=0 [teorema 3.8] [(-1)×(-1)]+[1×(-1)]=0 [sifat distributif kanan] [(-1)×(-1)]+(-1)=0 [teorema 3.9] {[(-1)×(-1)]+(-1)}+1=0+1 [penjumlahan pada kesamaan] [(-1)×(-1)]+{(-1)+1}=0+1 [sifat asosiatif] [(-1)×(-1)]+0=0+1 [invers penjumlahan] [(-1)×(-1)]=1 [sifat identitas penjumlahan] 19. Bukti bahwa: a. 5>3 b. 17>2 Jawab : a. 5 > 3 [diberikan] 5 = 3 + 𝑘 [∃𝑘 ∈ 𝐶 ∋] Karena pada ruas kanan terdapat bilangan bulat k dan jika dijumlahkan dengan 3 maka akan menghasilkan 5 sehingga benar untuk 5>3 b. 17 > 2 [diberikan] 17 = 2 + 𝑘 [∃𝑘 ∈ 𝐶 ∋] Karena pada ruas kanan terdapat bilangan bulat k dan jika dijumlahkan dengan 2 maka akan menghasilkan 17 sehingga benar untuk 17>2