The document discusses various English tenses including the future tense using "going to" and "shall/will", the present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, and exercises to practice these tenses. It provides examples and patterns for forming sentences in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative for each tense. Time signals that are commonly used with each tense are also outlined.

1. GRAMMAR

2. Future Tense
1. Discussing the future using going to
We say something is going to happen
when it has already been planned/
decided.

3. Example:
A. Verbal form
(+) We are going to go to Japan by
airplane tomorrow.
(-) We are not going to go to America by
airplane tomorrow.
(?) Are we going to go to America by
airplane tomorrow?
Yes, we are. No, we are not.

4. B.
(+) She is going to be angry with you
because you broke her book.
(-) She is not to be angry with you because
you broke her book.
(?) Is she going to be angry with you
because you broke her book?
Yes, she is. No, she is not.

5. Pattern:
A. Verbal form
(+) S+ (be) going to+ V1+ O
(-) S+ ( be+not) going to+ V1+ O
(?) Be+ S+ going to+ V1+ O?
B.
(+) S+ (be) going to be+ adj, noun, adverb.
(-) S+ (be+not) going to be+ adj, noun, adverb
(?) Be+ S+ going to be+ adj, noun, adverb?

6. 2. Discussing the future using
shall/will
When we give information about
the future or predict future events
that are not certain, we usually use
shall/will.

7. Example:
A. Verbal form
(+) Abu Rizal Bakrie will lead Indonesia next year.
(-) Abu Rizal Bakrie will not lead Malaysia next year.
(?) Will Abu Rizal Bakrie lead Indonesia next year?
Yes, he will. No, he will not.
B.
(+) She will be a nice friend.
(-) She will not be a bad friend.
(?) Will she be a nice friend?
Yes, she will. No, she will not.

8. Pattern
A. Verbal form
(+) S+ Shall/ will+ V1+ O
(-) S+ shall/ will+ not+ V1+ O
(?) Shall/ will+ S+ V1+ O?
B. Nominal form
(+) S+ shall/ will+ be+ (adj, noun, adverb)
(-) S+ shall/ will+ not+ be+ (adj, noun, adverb)
(?) Shall/ will+ S+ be+ (adj, noun, adverb)?

9. Time signal
• Tomorrow
• Next…….. (year, month, Sunday, etc)
• Tonight
• Soon
• This evening

10. Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense is used to
talk about a past time, which has
very strong meaning for the
present.

11. Example:
a. Verbal form:
(+) My house has built since 1991.
(-) My house has not built since 1991.
(?) Has my house built since 1991?
Yes, you have. No, you have not.
b. Nominal form:
(+) I have been here since 30 minutes ago.
(-) I have not been here since 30 minutes ago.
(?) Have I been since 30 minutes ago?
Yes, I have. No, I have not.

12. Pattern
A. Verbal form
(+) S+ has/have+ V3+ O
(-) S+ has/ have+ not+ V3+ O
(?) Has/ have+ S+ V3+ O?
B. Nominal form
(+) S+ has/have+ been+ (adj, noun, adv).
(-) S+ has/ have+ not+ been+ (adj, noun, adv)
(?) Has/ have+ S+ been+ (adj, noun, adv)?

13. Time Signal
• Since
• For
• Already
• Recently
• Lately

14. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present perfect continuous tense is
often used (with for or since) to
describe how long something has
been happening up to now.

15. Example:
(+) She has been living in Jember since 2010.
(-) She has not been living in Jember since
2010.
(?) Has she been living in Jember since 2010?
Yes, she has. No, she has not.

16. Pattern
(+) S+ has/ have+ been+ Ving+ O
(-) S+ has/have+ not+ been+ Ving+ O
(?) Has/ have+ S+ been+ Ving+ O?

17. Time Signal
• For……
• Since ….
• By last…….

18. Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense is used to go further back in
time when we are already talking about the
past. It can make it clear that something had
already happened at the time we are talking
about.

19. Example:
(+) My Father had gone to the office when my
mother came.
(-) my father had not gone to the mall when
my mother came .
(?) Had my father gone to the office when my
mother came?
Yes, he had. No, he had not.

20. Pattern
(+) S+had+V3+O
(-) S+had+not+V3+O
(?) had+S+V3+O?

21. Time Signal
• Past perfect…..before…….past tense
• Past tense……after……..past perfect
• Past tense ……until…… past perfect
• Past tense….. as soon as… past perfect
• Past perfect…… when……. Past tense

22. Fill in the blank with “shall/ will or
going to”!
1. We …….. go to the beach next holiday.
2. If you don’t eat anything now, you ……. be
hungry later.
3. I’ve got some incredible news! You ……. Never
believe what’s happened.
4. I feel terrible. I think I ……………… sick.
5. A: What would you like to eat?
B: I…………….. eat a sandwich please!

23. Read the situations and write sentences. Choose
one of the following words!
Forget Grow Improve
Cut Break Lose

24. 1. Mike is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He
has lost his key.
2. Margaret can’t walk and her leg is in plaster.
She ……………………….
3. Maria’s English wasn’t very good. Now it is
much better. She …………………..
4. Tim didn’t have a beard last month. Now he
has a beard. He …………………………
5. He told me his name. But I can’t remember it
now. I …………………..
6. Ow!!! My finger is bleeding. I ……………………

25. EXERCISES
Read the situations and complete the sentences with Present Perfect
Continuous!
• The rain started two hours ago. It’s still raining now. It has been
raining for two hours.
1. We started waiting for the bus 20 minutes ago. We’re still
waiting now.
We …………………………….for 20 minutes.
2. I started Spanish classes in December. I’m still learning Spanish
now.
I ………………. Since Desember.
3. Ann began looking for a job six months ago. She’s still looking
now.
…………………………………………………… for six months.
4. Mary started working in London on 18 January. She’s still looking
now.
………………………………………………………………… since 18 January.
5. Years ago you started writing to a penfriend. You still write to
each other regularly now.
We ……………………………………………………….. For years.

26. Read the situations and write sentences from the words in
brackets with Past Perfect.
• You went to Jill’s house but she wasn’t there.
(she/go/out) She had gone out.
1. You went back to your home town after many years. It
wasn’t the same as before. (it/change/a lot)
…………………….
2. I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn’t come.
(she/arrange/to do something else) …………………………….
3. You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the
cinema late. (the film/already/begin)
……………………………………..
4. I was very pleased to see Tim again after such a long
time. (I/not/see/him for five years)
5. I ofered Sue something to eat but she wasn’t hungry.
(she/just/have/breakfast) …………………………………………