The document discusses the present perfect continuous tense and how it is used to talk about the duration of events that started in the past and have continued up until the present. It provides examples of how to form the present perfect continuous tense using auxiliary verbs like "have" and "been" as well as examples of common uses like describing past experiences, changes over time, accomplishments, unfulfilled expectations, and activities with durations involving words like "for" and "since". It also discusses the placement of time adverbs and the uses of "already" and "yet" with the present perfect continuous tense.

1. We can use the PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS tense to talk about the
duration of events. How long something has
been happening
Anastasya Nindya E.
X5

2. Subject + aux verb+ auxverb +main verb
1. Farmers in Jati Bali have been growing rice crops since 1970
2. Some students have been conducting research on vegetative
plant propagations for two months.
3. Transpiration has been starting to increase since three hours
ago.

3. subject auxiliary auxiliary main verb
verb verb
+ I have been waiting for one hour.
+ You have been talking too much.
- It has not been raining.
- We have not been playing football.
? Have you been seeing her?
? Have they been doing their
homework?

4. When we use the present perfect continuous tense in
speaking, we often contract the subject and the first
auxiliary. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.
I have been I've been
Here are some examples:
You have been You've been
He has been He's been
•I've been reading. She's been
She has been
It has been car's been giving trouble.
•The It's been
•We've been playing tennis for
John has been John's been two
hours.
The car has been The car's been
We have been We've been
They have been They've been

5. We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk
about an action that started in tusually he past and
stopped recently. There is a result now.

6. We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk
about an action that started in the past and is
continuing now. This is often used
with for or since.
Examples:
1. I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading now.]
2. We've been studying since 9 o'clock. [We're still
studying now.]
3. How long have you been learning English? [You are still
learning now.]

8. You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I
have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never
had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific
event.
Examples:
I have been to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN FRANCE.
MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN
THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES
I have been to France three times.
YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.
Iha ve neverbeen to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING
TO FRANCE.

9. We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened
over a period of time
Examples:
1. You have grown since the last time I saw you.
2. The government has become more interested in arts education.
3. Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the
university since the Asian studies program was established.
4. My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

10. We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and
humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.
Examples:
Man has walked on the Moon.
Our son has learned how to read.
Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Scientists have split the atom.

11. We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected
has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still
waiting for the action to happen
Examples:
James has not finished his homework yet.
Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
Bill has still not arrived.
The rain hasn't stopped.

12. We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which
have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the
process is not complete and more actions are possible.
Examples:
1. The army has attacked that city five times.
2. I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
3. We have had many major problems while working on this project.
4. She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but
nobody knows why she is sick.

13. We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.
for since
a period of time a point in past time
20 minutes 6.15pm
Here are some examples:
three days Monday
•I have been studying for 3 hours.
•I have been months
6
watching TV since 7pm. January
•Tara hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks.
4 years 1994
•Tara hasn't2 been visiting us since March.
centuries 1800
•He has been playing football for a long time.
•He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.
a long time I left school
ever the beginning of time
etc etc

14. You can also use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such
as "for two weeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more general
meaning of "lately." We often use the words "lately" or "recently" to
emphasize this meaning.
Examples:
Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
She has been watching too much television lately.
Have you been exercising lately?
Mary has been feeling a little depressed.
Lisa has not been practicing her English.
What have you been doing?

15. It is important to remember that Non-continuous verbs cannot be
used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings
for mixed verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using
Present Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Present
perfect
Examples:
•Sam has been having his car for two years. Not Correct
•Sam has had his car for two years. Correct

16. The examples below show the placement for
grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever,
still, just, etc.
Examples:
1. You have only been waiting here for one hour.
2. Have you only been waiting here for one hour?

17. Adverb already and yet, used to reinforced the assertation that something
has or hasn’t occured in a non specific time in the past.
Already used in positive sentence and yet used in negative sentence and
introgative sentence

18. Already typically placed between the auxiliary verb and verb3. in addition, already
may be placed after the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence.
Subject + (has/have) + already + been +
(verb1+ing)
Subject + (has/have) + been + (verb1+ing) +
already

19. Examples:
1. I have already been living in this house for nine years.
2. We have been studying English since a month ago already.
3. He has already been marrying her for nineteen years.
4. Mr. Johnson has been working in the same place since 1980 already.
5. She has been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour already.

20. Adverb yet used in a negative form that is usually placed at the end of the sentence
Subject + (has/have) + not + been +
(verb1+ing) + object
Examples
1. I have not been living in this house for nine years yet.
2. We have not been studying English for a month yet.
3. He has not been marrying her for nineteen years yet.
4. Mr. Johnson has not been working in the same place for twenty-nine
years yet.
5. She has not been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour yet.