The document discusses different tenses in English grammar. It explains that tenses denote the time of an action and show when a work is done. There are three main tenses - present, past, and future. Each of these tenses can be simple, continuous, perfect, or perfect continuous. The document then provides examples and explanations of how to form sentences for each tense in English.

2. Tenses
Tenses denote the time of an action. They show
when the work is done.
There are three types of tenses :
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense

3. They are further divided into :
Present Past Future
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect
Continuous
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect
Continuous
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect
Continuous

4. Present Tense
1. Simple Present Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + V1 + s/es + O
• Negative Sentence :- S + do/does not + V1 + O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Do/does + S + V1 + O ?
 She writes a letter.
 He does not play Football.
 Do you like to play guitar ?

5. 2. Present Continuous Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + is/am/are + V1 + ing + O
• Negative Sentence :- S + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing + O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Is/Am/Are + V1 + ing ?
 My friend is waiting for me.
 I am not going to the market.
 Are they playing hockey ?

6. 3. Present Perfect Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + has/have + V3 + O
• Negative Sentence :- S + has/have + not + V3 + O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Has/Have + V3 + O ?
 She has written a letter.
 She has not written a letter.
 Has she written a letter ?

7. 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + has/have + been + V1 + ing + O
• Negative Sentence :- S + has/have + not + been + V1 + ing + O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Has/Have + S + been + V1 + ing + O ?
 She has been practicing since morning.
 She has not been writing a letter.
 Has she been writing a letter ?

8. 1. Simple Past Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + V2+ O
• Negative Sentence :- S + did not + V1 + O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Did + S + V1 + O ?
 She wrote a letter.
 She did not write a letter.
 Did she write a letter ?
Past Tense

9. 2. Past Continuous Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + was/were + V1 + ing + O
• Negative Sentence :- S + was/were + not + V1 + ing + O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Was/Were + S + V1 + ing + O ?
 They were playing outside.
 They were not playing outside.
 Were they playing outside ?

10. 3. Past Perfect Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + had + V3 + O
• Negative Sentence :- S + had + not + V3 + O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Had + S + V3 + O ?
 She had written a letter.
 She had not written a letter.
 Had she written a letter ?

11. 4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + had + been + V1 + ing + O
• Negative Sentence :- S + had + not + been + V1 + ing + O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Had + S + been + V1 + ing + O ?
 The poet had been writing poems since morning.
 The poet had not been writing poems since morning.
 Had the poet been writing poems since morning ?

12. Future Tense
1. Simple Future Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + will/shall + V1+ O
• Negative Sentence :- S + will/shall + not + V1+ O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Will/Shall + S + V1 + O ?
 I will go to the market.
 I will not go to the market.
 Will I go to the market ?

13. 2. Future Continuous Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + will/shall + be + V1+ ing + O
• Negative Sentence :- S + will/shall + not + be + V1+ ing + O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Will/Shall + S + be + V1 + ing + O ?
 Reena will be running in the race.
 Reena will not be running in the race.
 Will Reena be running in the race ?

14. 3. Future Perfect Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + will/shall + have + V3 + O
• Negative Sentence :- S + will/shall + not + have + V3 + O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Will/Shall + S + have + V3 + O ?
 I will have cooked the dinner.
 I will not have cooked the dinner.
 Shall I have eaten the food ?

15. 3. Future Perfect Continuous Tense :
• Positive Sentence :- S + will/shall + have + been + V1 + ing + O
• Negative Sentence :- S + will/shall + not + have + been + V1 + ing + O
• Interrogative Sentence :- Will/Shall + S + have + been + V1 + ing + O ?
 She will have been writing a letter.
 She will not have been writing a letter.
 Will she have been writing a letter ?

16. Last Saturday our school (a) ....................... for the summer vacation. My
brother, Ashish, who (b) .................... in a hostel in Gwalior (c) ....................
by the Shatabdi Express. Mother (d) ................. me to go to the railway
station and (e)....................... him up. I (f) .................. my scooter and left.
(a) (i) closes (ii) closed (iii) will close (iv) is closing
(b) (i) stays (ii) stayed (iii) will stay (iv) will be staying
(c) (i) comes (ii) came (iii) was coming (iv) had come
(d) (i) tells (ii) told (iii) is telling (iv) has told
(e) (i) pick (ii) picked (iii) is picking (iv) will pick
(f) (i) take (ii) will take (iii) am taking (iv) took

17. Chapter Finished !!
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