The document explains the concept of tense in English grammar, defining it as the form of a verb that indicates the time and completeness of an action or event. It categorizes tenses into three main types: present, past, and future, each of which is further divided into four subtypes. Additionally, it provides formulas and examples for each tense to illustrate their usage.

1. ENGLISH GRAMMAR-
TENSES
BY:-
K.RAHUL RAJ

2. WHAT IS TENSE?
• Tense is the form of a verb which shows the time of
action or event and the degree of completeness and
also the state of action.
• The word Tense means time.
• There are three tenses Present, Past and Future.

3. PRESENT TENSE
• A tense expressing an action that is currently going on or
habitually performed, or a state that currently or generally
exists is known as present tense.
• Present tense is classified as:-
1.Simple present tense.
2.Present continuous tense.
3.Present perfect tense.
4.Present perfect continuous tense.

4. PAST TENSE
• A tense expressing an action that has happened or a state
that previously existed.
• Past tense is classified as:-
1.Simple past tense.
2.Past continuous tense.
3.Past perfect tense.
4.Past perfect continuous tense.

5. FUTURE TENSE
• A tense expressing an action that has not yet happened, but
expected to happen in the future.
• Future tense is classified as:-
1.Simple future tense.
2.Future continuous tense.
3.Future perfect tense.
4.Future perfect continuous tense.

6. Simple Present Tense
• We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right
now, or when it happens regularly.
• Depending on the person, the simple present tense is formed by using
the root form or by adding s or es to the end.
‑ ‑
• Formula: Subject + Verb1 + Object.
• Example:
1.Sun shines everyday.
2.John plays football.

7. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• The present continuous tense indicates that an action or condition is
happening now, frequently, and may continue into the future.
• Present Continuous tense is formed by adding -ing to the base verb.
• Formula: Subject + am/is/are + Verb1 + ing + Object.
• Example:
1.Ram is singing a song
2.They are watching a movie

8. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
• The present perfect tense is a tense used in present to indicate the
action that has taken place at some specific time.
• It uses auxiliary verb and past participle for the main verb.
• Formula: Subject + have/has + Verb3 + Object.
• Note:
I/We/You/They= have + Verb3
He/She/It= has + Verb3
• Example:
1.I have learnt dancing today.
2. He has completed his homework.

9. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• The present perfect continuous tense (also known as the present
perfect progressive tense) shows that something started in the past
and is continuing at the present time.
• Formula: Subject + have/has + been + Verb1 + ing + Object
• Note:
I/We/You/They= have been + Verb1
He/She/It= has been + Verb1
• Example:
1.I have been drawing a picture.
2.He has been teaching a lesson

10. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
• The simple past is a verb tense that is used to talk about things that
happened or existed before now.
• The simple past tense shows that you are talking about something
that has already happened.
• Formula: Subject + Verb2 + Object.
• Note:
I/We/You/He/She/It/They + Verb2
• Example:
1.I sang(sang=did+sing)a song.
2.You kicked(did+kick)a ball.

11. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
• Past Continuous Tense is a tense which is used to indicate a
continuing action or event that was happening at some point in time
in the past.
• Formula: Subject + was/were + Verb1 + ing + Object.
• Note:
We/You/They= were + Verb1
I/He/She/It= was + Verb1
• Example:
1.I was teaching a lesson.
2.We were watching television.

12. PAST PERFECT TENSE
• The past perfect tense is a verb tense used to express actions that
occurred in the past that finished before another action in the past
started.
• Formula: Subject + had + Verb3 + Object
• Note:
I/We/You/He/She/It/They = had + Verb3
• Example:
1.I had learnt dancing today.
2.You had written your homework.

13. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• The past perfect continuous tense denotes an action that started in
the past, continued in the past, and also ended at a certain point in
the past.
• Formula: Subject + had + been + Verb1 + ing + Object
• Note:
I/We/You/He/She/It/They = had been + Verb1 + ing
• Example:
1.I had been drawing a picture.
2.You had been doing a project.

14. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
• The simple future is a verb tense that's used to talk about things that
haven't happened yet.
• We use the simple future to talk about an action or condition that will begin
and end in the future.
• Formula: Subject + will/shall + Verb1 + Object
• Note:
I/We = shall + Verb1
You/He/She/It/They = will + Verb1
• Example:
1.I shall sing a song.
2.He will go to school.

15. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
• A tense that indicates that something will occur in the future and
continue for an expected length of time.
• Formula: Subject + will/shall + be + Verb1 + ing + Object
• Note:
I/We = shall be + Verb1 + ing
You/He/She/It/They = will be + Verb1 + ing
• Example:
1.I shall be teaching a lesson.
2.You will be walking on the road.

16. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
• The future perfect tense is used to indicate a future event that has a
definitive end date.
• Formula: Subject + will/shall + have + Verb3 + Object
• Note:
I/We = shall have + Verb3
You/He/She/It/They = will have + Verb3
• Example:
1.I shall have learnt dancing today.
2.You will have written your homework.

17. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• A verb tense that describes actions that will continue up until a point
in the future.
• Formula: Subject + will/shall + have + been + Verb1 + ing + Object
• Note:
I/We = shall have been + Verb1 + ing
You/He/She/It/They = will have been + Verb1 + ing
• Example:
1.We shall have been drawing a picture.
2.You will have been doing a project.