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The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) permits the mandible to move through gliding and hinge movements. It consists of the mandibular condyle, mandibular fossa, articular disc, and articular capsule. The condyle articulates with the fossa and articular eminence, while the articular disc separates the joint into upper and lower compartments. The joint capsule surrounds the joint and is lined with a synovial membrane that produces lubricating synovial fluid. Accessory ligaments and the lateral temporomandibular ligament provide stability to the joint. The TMJ undergoes age-related changes including flattening of the condyle and thinning of the
The document provides an overview of the anatomy, development, and surgical anatomy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It discusses the key components of the TMJ, including the mandibular condyle, articular surfaces of the temporal bone, articular disc, fibrous capsule, and ligaments. It describes the development of the TMJ from two distinct blastemas beginning in the 7th week in utero. The document highlights several unique features of the TMJ, such as its articular surface being covered by fibrocartilage instead of hyaline cartilage. It also reviews the movements, vascular supply, innervation, and age-related changes of the TMJ.
This document provides an overview of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins by defining the TMJ as the joint connecting the mandible to the skull and regulating mandibular movement. It then describes the different types of joints in the body before focusing on the specifics of the TMJ. Key points include that the TMJ is a complex synovial joint that allows for both hinging and gliding movements. An articular disc separates the condyle of the mandible and fossa of the temporal bone. The document outlines the development, structures, innervation, vascularization and biomechanics of the TMJ.
This document discusses hip prosthesis replacements and issues related to them. It includes a link to information on dislocated hip prostheses from an orthopedic radiology site. It also links to a Fortune article about a $1 billion verdict against Johnson & Johnson related to faulty hip implants.
Minimally invasive total hip replacementTunO pulciņš
Minimally invasive total hip replacement (MITHR) uses a smaller incision of 6-10 cm compared to the standard incision. While MITHR results in less soft tissue damage and shorter hospital stays, it also has a longer learning curve for surgeons. Early in the learning curve, complication rates are higher for MITHR. With increased experience, surgeons can perform MITHR with outcomes equivalent to conventional THR. However, the evidence does not clearly support making MITHR the standard procedure over the conventional approach. Patient characteristics and surgeon experience should guide the choice of surgical approach.
Cemented versus uncemented fixation in total hip replacementTunO pulciņš
The document discusses and compares cemented versus uncemented fixation techniques in total hip replacement (THR). Cemented fixation uses acrylic polymer to lock the bone and implant together, while uncemented implants have rough, porous coatings to allow bone ingrowth. Some advantages of cemented fixation are that it is more suitable for obese patients, has a better outcome for displastic hips, and is better for patients with osteoporosis. However, uncemented fixation has a lower revision rate within 10 years, a low risk of femoral loosening once stable fixation occurs, and does not commonly cause osteolysis. Both techniques have benefits depending on the individual patient's needs.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction- allograft versus autograftTunO pulciņš
1. The document compares allograft versus autograft options for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Allografts use donor tissue while autografts use the patient's own tissue.
2. There are several factors to consider for each graft including patient characteristics, surgical factors, biological incorporation, and the risk of disease transmission. Younger, high-demand athletes often due better with autografts which incorporate faster and have lower re-tear rates.
3. However, allografts can be preferable for older, lower-demand patients due to benefits like avoiding donor site morbidity and faster return to activities of daily living. Overall graft selection requires weighing these various patient and graft-specific
Presacral venous plexus bleeding in patients with pelvic fracturesTunO pulciņš
1. The document discusses presacral venous plexus bleeding in patients with pelvic fractures and various methods to stop the bleeding.
2. Techniques used to stop bleeding include pelvic packing, use of sterile metallic thumbtacks, cauterization, suturing, and ligating bleeding vessels.
3. Damage control resuscitation principles are also described, including permissive hypotension, blood product transfusion in a 1:1:1 ratio, and rewarming.
Damage control surgery is a technique used for seriously injured patients that prioritizes short-term physiological recovery over anatomical reconstruction. It involves abbreviated laparotomy to control bleeding and contamination, followed by intensive care resuscitation to correct hypothermia, coagulopathy, and acidosis, and then definitive surgery within 36-48 hours. The goal is to prevent the "lethal triad" of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy that can lead to multiple organ failure and death in trauma patients.
3. 3
Pie epicondylus lateralis humeri piestiprināto muskuļu
cīpslu iekaisums, kas radies šo muskuļu pārslodzes
rezultātā.
Definīcija
4. 4
Iemesls- m. extensor carpi radialis
brevis (visbiežāk) sastiepuma vai
daļēja šķiedru plīsuma dēļ radies
aseptisks iekaisums tā
piestiprināšanās vietā pie
epicondylus lateralis humeri
Pati locītava nav skarta
Pārmērīgas, vienveidīgas
mehāniskas kustības, kas skar
ekstensoru muskuļu cīpslas
Etioloģija. Patoģenēze
6. 6
Lokālas sāpes, jutīgums 2 cm zem
epicondylus lateralis
Var izstarot distāli uz apakšdelmu pa
muskuļa gaitu
Sāpes pastiprinās, iestiepjot muskuli
ikdienas darbību laikā
Elkoņa saliekšana un atliekšana pilnā
apjomā, nesāpīga
Elkoņa laterālā apvidus pietūkums
Klīnika
7. 7
Palpatori jutīgums epicondylus
lateralis priekšpusē.
Sāpīgums pastiprinās, veicot
plaukstas, pirkstu fleksiju un
apakšdelma pronāciju
Elkoņa kustības var veikt pilnā
apjomā
Rentgenogrammā izmaiņu nav
Ultrasonogrāfiski būtisku pārmaiņu
nav- mīksto audu tūska
Diagnostika
14. 14
Pie epicondylus medialis humeri piestiprināto muskuļu
cīpslu iekaisums, kas radies šo muskuļu pārslodzes
rezultātā.
Definīcija
15. 15
Iemesls- m. pronator teres un m.
flexor carpi radialis cīpslu
sastiepuma vai mikrošķiedru
plīsuma dēļ radies aseptisks
iekaisums tā piestiprināšanās vietā
pie epicondylus medialis humeri.
Pārmērīgas, vienveidīgas
mehāniskas kustības, kas skar
apakšdelma pronācijas un
plaukstas fleksijas muskuļu
cīpslas.
Etioloģija. Patoģenēze
16. 16
Ievērojami retāk, salīdzinot ar tenisista elkoni
Incidence ASV- 0.45:1000 iedzīvotājiem
♀=♂
>40 gadi
Nereti kombinējas ar ulnārā nerva kompresiju
Epidemioloģija
20. 20
Patriks Rafters, 26 gadi, ASV, viens no vadošajām
raketēm 2000 gadu sākumā.
Sezonas vidū spiests pārtraukt spēlēt tenisista elkoņa
dēļ.
Veikta ķirurģiska operācija
Klīniskais gadījums
21. 21
Stenfordas Universitātes Medicīniskais Centrs
piedāvā ar trombocītiem bagātās plazmas terapiju
Asins no pacients→centrifugē →iegūst plazmu ar 5x
lielāku trombocītu koncentrāciju →injicē bojātajā
cīpslā →no klaula smadzenēm bojātajā reģionā nonāk
reģenerāciju stimulējošas šūnas →veicina dzīšanas
procesu
Samazināts rehabilitācijas periods par 25%
Klīniskais gadījums
22. 22
Jumtiņš A., Jakušonoka R., Jodzēviča H.I. un
līdzautori. Traumatoloģija un ortopēdija. Rīga: Rīgas
Stradiņa universitāte; 2016.
Crawford Adams J., Hamblen L.D., Outline of
Orthopaedics. Thirteenth edition, England Glasgow;
2001
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/96969-
overview#a6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27600573
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/golfers-
elbow/basics/definition/con-20027964
Izmantotā literatūra