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SmartRM is a viral social networking service for sharing confidential content with friends or colleagues in a protected way. The SmartRM software converts PDF documents, videos or audio tracks into encrypted MPEG-21 files that can be shared with anyone you like: only the enabled contacts can read, view, listen, print the content, at the conditions that have been specified. With SmartRM you can know when and how many times your contacts have accessed your files, as well as grant or remove permissions dynamically.
SmartRM services are for all: individuals, professionals and developers. Our basic services are free, and exciting premium features can be purchased with a flexible pricing model.
Free download from http://www.smartrm.com
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State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
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Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
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In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
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Cyber risk predictions
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Systemic attacks in the Middle East
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
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What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
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Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
Telesemana ce nominum:mef
1. Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Broadband Networks
Optimizing Backhaul Networks to Address Performance and Security
Doug Miller
doug.miller@nominum.com July 10, 2012
2. Company Overview
We are the WORLD LEADER Our solutions run the world s The first & only DNS/DHCP
in DNS & DHCP solutions MOST DEMANDING networks INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURE
• Our Chairman, Dr. Paul • A decade of service provider • DNS/DHCP engines provide
Mockapetris, invented the DNS experience efficiency, lower costs, higher QoS
• Team comprised of BIND 8, BIND • Over 140 Fixed and Mobile service • Platforms enable agility & faster
9 & ISC-DHCP creators providers application development
• 40 issued and pending patents • Serving over 500 million Internet • Applications create differentiation
users worldwide and new revenue sources
Our mobile customer base includes:
Our fixed broadband customer base includes:
2
6. The Changing Face of Mobile
• Connected devices are expanding
– Not just mobile phones*
• 175M laptops on the mobile network in 2011
– 22x more traffic than more traffic than smartphones
• Tablets to exceed 10% of global mobile data traffic in 2016
• In 2016, 4G will be 6 percent of connections, but 36
percent of total traffic
– Mobile devices aren’t as protected as home networks
• Spectrum consumption is a constant battle
– “If we don't get new frequency [in 2012], it will topple our
company.”
• Asahi Shimbun - CTO of Softbank Mobile
– “Frequency allocations alone are not the only solution. We
need to be as smart as possible in managing our capacity.”
• Philipp Humm, President and CEO of T-Mobile USA – CTIA 2012
*Note: Cisco Visual Networking Index, 2012 6
7. of Attacks
First Evidence
Bots and Malware Landscape
Melissa
I Love You
Code Red Worm
SQL Slammer Attack
Sasser
Storm
Zeus
Conficker
Droid Dream
7
8. Accelerating Mobile Malware Threats
It will take 2 years for mobile
threats to do what PC threats
evolved to in 15 years
8
9. The Lifecycle of a Bot Network
Botnet
C&C
Bot Master
3 – Bot gets
instructions from
Command and Control
(C&C) server
2 – User visits site and
1 – Spam (or “something”)
is infected via “drive
entices user to badsite.com
by download” Malware
and becomes part of
Botnet
4 – Newly infected
machine (bot) joins
Innocent Botnet in DDOS attack on
User a legitimate Web site
9
10. Network Proficiency Solution
• Use network resources more • Reclaiming spectrum leads to
efficiently real and immediate benefits
– RAN and Packet Core impacts – Increased availability for new
• In combination with offload and customers and services
HetNet solutions – Leverage network assets over
– Prevent bot-generated activity longer timeframes
and consumption – Decreased risk of email black
Note: Yes, even on mobile devices listing (RBLs)
• Decrease outbound spam
– Lower cost of delivering service
• Block internally generated
bandwidth floods – Greater defenses from outages
or performance degradation
– Segregate abusive customers
• Infected users
• Users going above defined
thresholds
10
11. Protecting the Network
Visibility and
Reporting
Nominum Bot
Domain Feed
MDR goodsite1.com
Response
Vantio DNS botC&C.com
System NXDomain
goodsite2.com
Service Provider Response
Network
11
13. Network Proficiency Use Case
• Latin American converged customer
– 5M mobile customers and 250K broadband customers
• The problem they faced
– Botnet and malware infection documented to be as high as 10%
• Infected customers generating nearly half of all DNS traffic
• 20% of all DNS traffic was determined to be spam-generating
– Outbound spam was directly impacting end users
• Customer “AS Numbers” were blacklisted preventing email from
being sent
– Bot related traffic consuming fixed and wireless resources
• Addressing the issue
– Implemented components of the Network Proficiency Solution
– Prevented bot-related activity
– Removed customers from black lists for full email access
– Decreased consumption of vital network resources
13
14. Mobile Packet Core Solution
• Control Plane Functions • User Plane Functions
– Ensuring reliable services – Ensuring high performance and
• Intra-network connectivity complete security
• Roaming across/between • Low latency
carriers • Protection from attack
• Interworking between 3G and 4G • Data assurance
networks
– Serve as the basis for mobile
– Multiple interfaces rely on DNS solutions
• Gn/Gp and S5/S8 • Network Proficiency
• ENUM • Network and User Security
• Diameter • Subscriber Loyalty
• IMS • Network and Service Visibility
– Enhanced features
• Health monitoring
• Load balancing between
elements
• Automatic NAPTR record
generation
14
15. Nominum Mobile Suite
• Anywhere/Anytime information access
– Efficiency: Highest network performance at the lowest TCO
– Differentiation: Pre-built apps to provide new services/revenues
– Agility: Adapt to market changes and innovate quickly
• Real business issues are addressed by a DNS platform
– Core network functionality is only the beginning
– Enhanced applications are built right on top of this existing asset
• Consider the DNS as a critical network element
– DNS must be carrier grade more so now than ever before
– DNS is a critical network element & is more so every day
Wireless Environments Have Unique Needs
Nominum Knows Mobile
15
18. CE 2.0 Mobile Backhaul Initiative
MEF 23.1, Multi-CoS Packet Sync Microwave
MEF 22.1 Multi-CoS
MEF 6.1 Best for CE over Technologies
Positioning
10.2 Practices MBH for CE
www.metroetherne+orum.org!for!details! !
19. MEF!6.x! MEF!10.x! MEF!13! MEF!23.1!
MEFs own work as
the foundation
Other SDOs
Industry trends
TR.221
TDM to Packet
MEF%22.1%
3G to 4GLTE
Standardized! SynchronizaEon!
Service!
reference!! RecommendaEons!
Requirements!
points!
(Service!Types,!
CoS,!Eth!OAM,!etc)!
!
20. Carrier%Ethernet%is%transport%technology%agnosJc%%
– being!designed!for!delivery!across!all!access!transports!
RAN
Base station
RAN
Base station
PON Fiber
RAN
ONT
Recent!!!!
Base station Microwave
Splitter EducaEonal!Paper!
Direct Fiber Microwave Technologies
Backhaul Service For Carrier Ethernet
Ethernet over Bonded PDH Provider Services
RAN (E1/DS1)
Base station
Published
Fiber by MEF
available for
download
RAN
Network
Controller
RAN
Base station
!
21. Mobile Backhaul Migration Use Cases
Packet%offload%over%Carrier%Ethernet%% RAN%dual%stack%–%Use%Case%2a%
Use%Case%1a%
Legacy%
Legacy% Network !
Network !
Carrier% Carrier%
Ethernet% Ethernet%
Network ! Network !
RAN%BS! NonO GIWF! UNI
! UNI
! GIWF! NonO RAN%NC!
RAN%BS! UNI
! UNI
! RAN%NC!
Ethernet%I/F! Ethernet%I/F!
EmulaJon%over%Carrier%Ethernet% Full%Ethernet%–%Use%Case%2b%
Use%Case%1b%
Carrier% Carrier%Ethernet%
Ethernet% Network !
Network !
RAN%BS! UNI
! UNI
! RAN%NC!
RAN%BS! NonO GIWF! UNI
! UNI
! GIWF! NonO RAN%NC!
Ethernet%I/F! Ethernet%I/F!
!
26. • MEF%Service%SpecificaJons%augment%industry%% Protection Examples
standards% 1+1 APS (Active/Standby)
• Address%port%and%service%% LAG (802.1AX)
protecJon,%fault%detecJon%and%restoraJon% Dual Homing
– At!the!UNI!ports! Ring Protection (G.8032)
– At!the!ENNI!(for!direct!and!Exchange!connecEons)! Linear Protection (G.8031)
– For!UNI!to!UNI!(EVCs)! Spatial Diversity (Microwave)
– UNIOENNI!OVCs! Frequency Diversity (Microwave)
• The%following%is%an%example%of%few%backhaul%resiliency%methods%%
RAN BS
Active/Standby on a Ring Protection
Frequency Diversity Leased backhaul tier
RAN NC
EVC 1
(Primary Path)
UNI UNI UNI
UNI UNI
UNI
EVC 2
(Backup Path)
!
28. • The%following%shows%how%backhaul%services%can%be%integrated%between%
mobile%operators%and%access%providers%even%when%the%services%offered%are%
not%the%same:%
Generic%Traffic%Classes%Mapping%to%CoS%Names
CoS%Names 4!CoS!Names 3!CoS!Names 2!CoS!Names 2!CoS!Names
Very!High!!(H+)! SynchronizaEon O O O
High!!(H)! ConversaEonal,! SynchronizaEon,! SynchronizaEon,!! SynchronizaEon,!
Signaling,!Network! ConversaEonal,!!! ConversaEonal,!! ConversaEonal,!!
Management!and! Signaling,!Network! Signaling,!Network! Signaling,!Network!
Control Management!and! Management! Management,!
Control Control,!and! Control,!and!
Streaming!media Streaming!media
Medium!!(M)! Streaming!media Streaming!media O InteracEve!and!!
Background
Low!!(L)! InteracEve!and!! InteracEve!and!! InteracEve!and!!
Background Background Background
MEF!22.1:!Examples!of!MBH!Traffic!Classes!mapping!to!CoS!Names!in!a!Carrier!Ethernet!Backhaul!network!
!
29. Frequency Synchronization
TA=1/fA
Mobile Network Frequency Time-of-
A t
Architecture Sync day / Phase
TB=1/fB Sync
B t CDMA2000
fA=fB
GSM
Phase Synchronization UMTS-FDD
TA=1/fA
LTE-FDD
A t
UMTS-TDD
TB=1/fB
B LTE-FDD with
t
advanced features
fA=fB
LTE-TDD
Time Synchronization
01:00:10 Mobile WiMAX
01:00:00
TA=1/fA
A t TD-SCDMA
TB=1/fB
t
B
fA=fB 01:00:00 01:00:10
!
31. UNI
• Using!sync!embedded!in!the!data! Frame Arrival
– Sync/data!is!in!a!high!priority!EVC! EVC
• InterOarrival!rate!using!AdapEve!Clock!Recovery!(ACR)!
• Can!also!use!CES!RTP!opEonal!header!for!synchronizaEon!Emestamps!
• Using!a!sync!protocol!(e.g..!IEEE1588v2)!
UNI Sync as a Class of
– Separate!EVCs! Service (EVC)
• Each!EVC!will!have!its!own!performance!!
EVC (Data)
– Separate!Class!of!Service!within!the!same!EVC!
• Sync!is!marked!with!higher!CoS!
EVC_(Sync)
UNI Sync as a Class of
Service (EVC+PCP)
CoS (Data)
EVC
MO:!Mobile!Operator! PRC:!Primary!Reference!Clock! CoS (Sync)
NE:!Network!Element! PCP:!Priority!Code!Point!
PEC:!Packet!Equipment!Clock!
!
32. Single Class vs. Multiple Classes (1)
Many providers have taken first steps to Carrier Ethernet
─ But with simplistic, one Class of Service approach:
simple but costly, and with QoS issues
DelayOsensiEve! Bursty,!delay!&!loss!
real!Eme!data! tolerant!data!
Access% Mobile%
Provider% Operator
%
An%Access%Provider%EVC%
Result/Impact%
• Needs%very%costly%overbuild%
• Does%not%scale%O%recipe%for%going%out%of%business%
• High%priority%traffic%subject%to%delay%–%especially%
during%traffic%bursts%and%peaks%
!