This document discusses driverless cars and their technologies. It begins with an introduction noting that human error is the primary cause of traffic accidents and how technology could help. It then defines a driverless car as one that can drive itself from one point to another without a human driver. Sensors would detect traffic lights and the car's computer would control aspects like braking and navigation. Technologies like anti-lock brakes, cruise control and automated guided vehicle systems are discussed. Advantages include safety, increased road capacity and allowing drivers to rest. Disadvantages could include hackers interfering with routing or sensors failing. The conclusion is that driverless cars aim to minimize accidents through addressing human causes of collisions.

1. Purva Kini
Umang Shah
Durvas Mavalankar
Meghal Dave

2. Contents
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Introduction
What is a driverless car ?
How will the car detect the traffic lights ?
Technologies making a system fully autonomous
A.N.V.
Control of vehicle
Automated Guided Vehicle Systems
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
• Driver error is the most common cause of traffic
accidents
• India contributes 6 % of the world's road accident deaths
• Cell phones in-car ,entertainment systems, more traffic
and more complicated road systems making it more
frequent
• By this improving technology our car will do the
concentrating for us.

4. What is a Driverless car ?
• It is a vehicle that can drive itself from one point to
another without assistance from a driver; in other words,
with an autopilot system

5. How will the car detect the traffic
lights ?
• A sensor “actinometer “ is used to detect the
intensity of radiation
• Light of different colors will radiate different -2intensity of radiation
• Which will be detected by the sensor
• If the detected intensity is of red colour or yellow
colour then controller will send a command to stop
the vehicle .
• The command will be followed by robot(to convert
the computer command into mechanical input)

6. Technologies making a system fully
autonomous
• Anti-lock brakes(ABS)
• Electronic stability control
(ESC)
• Cruise control
• Lane Departure Warning
System
• Self Parking
• Automated Guided Vehicle
Systems

7. Cars currently using Automotive Night
Vision
A.N.V. means:Increases a vehicle driver's perception and seeing distance in
darkness or poor weather beyond the reach of the vehicle's
headlights.
Current Active systems use an infrared light source
• 2002-2007 Lexus LX 470
• 2009 Lexus LS
• 2006 Mercedes CL-class
• 2009 Mercedes E-class
• 2005 Mercedes S-class
• 2009 Mercedes S-class
• 2008 Toyota Crown Hybrid
• 2002 Toyota Land cruiser Cignus

9. Control of vehicle
• As automotive technology matures, more and more functions
of the underlying engine, gearbox etc. are no longer directly
controlled by the driver by mechanical means.
• It is controlled via a computer, which receives instructions
from the driver as inputs and delivers the desired effect by
means of electronic throttle control.
• Therefore, the technology for a computer to control all
aspects of a vehicle is well understood.

11. Automated Guided Vehicle Systems
• Uses FROG (Free
Ranging On
Grid) technology
• FROG vehicles
are equipped with
a computer that
contains a map of
the area

12. Advantages
• Managing traffic flow to increase road capacity.
• Relieving vehicle occupants from driving allowing them to
concentrate on other tasks or to rest during their journeys.
• To avoid accidents .
• Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the distances
between cars.
• The current location of vehicle can be determine using
global positioning system (G.P.S) .

13. Disadvantages
• If the vehicle is using internet which is have less security
then From the hackers point of view in some cases the
vehicle can be switched off on the road(in rare cases)
• Hackers can change the rout which is plotted in the
system(in rare cases)
• In case of failure of main sensor and backup sensors the
vehicle can create a chance of accident

14. conclusion
• The driver less car’s technologies improves vehicle's
stability helps to minimize loss of control.
• Driver less cars are designed to minimize accidents by
addressing the main causes of collisions: driving error,
distraction and drowsiness.

15. News
• July 10, 2013
– Griffith University students are using Smartphone technology to make
the driverless car of the future more of a reality.
• June 27, 2013
BMW's driverless car takes to the public roads.

16. Future of Driverless Car
• July 2, 2013
– Doctoral candidate Amol Khedkar is toiling on his own prototype for a
software system that would let cars talk to one other, synchronizing
their own movements. The vehicles could automatically change lanes
and make turns without humans mucking things up