An autonomous car is an autonomous vehicle capable of fulfilling the human transportation capabilities of a traditional car. As an autonomous vehicle, it is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input.

1. AUTONOMOUS
CAR
By
Sharatkumar

2. Introduction
● An autonomous car is an autonomous
vehicle capable of fulfilling the human
transportation capabilities of a traditional
car.
● As an autonomous vehicle, it is capable of
sensing its environment and navigating
without human input.

3. Abstract
The project is to implement a driverless car is an autonomous vehicle that can
drive itself from one point to another without assistance from a driver. One
of the main impetus behind the call for driverless cars is safety.An autonomous
vehicle is also referred to as an autopilot,driverless car, auto-drive car, or
automated guided vehicle (AGV).

4. Litrecher servey
● GPS Based Navigation System For Autonomous Car
● Design of Multifunctional Autonomous Car using Ultrasonic and Infrared
Sensors
● A Bounded Multi-dimensional Modal Logic for Autonomous Cars Based
on Local Traffic and Estimation

5. Vehicular Automation
● Vehicular automation involves the use of
Mechatronics
Artificial Intelligence
Multi-agent System
to assist a vehicle's operator
● These features and the vehicles employing them may be labeled as
intelligent or smart.
● A vehicle using automation for difficult tasks, especially navigation, may
be referred to as semi-autonomous.

6. Vehicle Hardware
● Radar • Wheel Speed Sensors
● Ultrasonic sensors
● Camera
● Lidar
● GPS unit
● Processor

8. Lidar
● The Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) which is mounted on the roof
of the vehicle is the most important device in the Autonomous vehicles.
● The LIDAR consists of an emitter, mirror and receiver.
● The emitter sends out a LASER beam that bounces off a mirror that is
rotating along with the cylindrical housing at 10 revolutions per minute.
● After bouncing off objects, the LASER beam returns to the mirror and is
bounced back towards the receiver, where it can be interpreted into data.
● The vehicle can then generate a map of its surroundings and use the map
to avoid objects.

10. Radar
● Radar is an objective detection system that uses
radio waves to determine the range, altitude,
direction or speed of objective.
● Traditional RADAR sensors are used to detect
dangerous objects in the vehicle’s path that are
more than 100 meters away.
● Accident-Prevention systems trigger alerts when
they detect something in a blind car’s blind spot.

11. ● This four radars behind the front and rear bumpers cone (on
each corner of the car) are able to locate objects in all
direction.

12. Ultrasonic sensors
● Ultrasonic sensors may be used to measure the
position of objects very close to the vehicles, such as
curbs and other vehicles and support autonomous
drive at low speeds.
● The sensors are based on the technology used for
current park assist functions enhanced with advanced
signals processing.
● It has four sensors looking backward, four sensors
looking forward and four sensors looking to the sides

14. Camera
● A camera mounted near the rear-view mirror
build a real-time 3D images of the road ahead,
spotting hazards like pedestrians and animals.
● It is also used to identify road markings and
traffic signals.

16. GPS
● A Global Positioning System keeps the
car on its intended route with an accuracy
of 30 centimeters.
● With GPS covering the macro location of
car, smaller on-deck cameras can
recognize smaller details like red lights,
stop signs and construction zones.

17. Processor
● Some 7 dual-core 2.13 GHz processors and 2Gb of RAM are needed to
make sense of the data collected by the car’s instruments.
● Some car run as many as 17 processors to dispense the computing load.

18. Wheel speed sensor
● Wheel Speed Sensors measure the road-wheel
speed and direction of rotation.
● These sensors provide input to a number of
different automotive systems including the anti-
lock brake system and electronic stability
control.

19. Working
● The signal from the sensors are used by the Electronic Control Unit for
decision making using a software code.
● Based on the information from the sensors, the Electronic Control Unit
gives signal to the actuators, which in turn control the vehicle.
● Also, real time information of the surroundings is output to the user
interface located inside the vehicle.

22. Advantages
● Managing traffic flow to increase road capacity.
● Relieving vehicle occupants from driving allowing them to concentrate on
other tasks or to rest during their journeys.
● To avoid accidents .
● Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the distances between cars.
● The current location of vehicle can be determine using global positioning
system (G.P.S) .

23. Disadvantage
● If the vehicle is using internet which is have less security then From the
hackers point of view in some cases the vehicle can be switched off on the
road(in rare cases)
● Hackers can change the route which is plotted in the system(in rare cases)
● In case of failure of main sensor and backup sensors the vehicle can create
a chance of accident

24. Conclusion
● The driverless car’s technologies improves vehicle's stability helps to
minimize loss of control.
● Driverless cars are designed to minimize accidents by addressing the main
causes of collisions: driving error,distraction and drowsiness.

25. References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_car
http://www.techradar.com/us/news/car-tech/google-wants-some-form-of-self-
driving-cars-on-roads-by-2018-1130660
http://www.cvel.clemson.edu/auto/AuE835_Projects_2011/Vallabhaneni_proje
ct.html
www.matronic.de
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/trends-innovations/driverless-
car1.htm
Info graphics
http://drivesteady.com/how-autonomous-vehicles-work