Techno trash toxicity
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This document discusses e-waste (electronic waste) - its generation, composition, impacts, and management. It aims to impart information on e-waste hazards, laws and initiatives as well as solutions like e-cycling, reducing and reusing electronics. E-waste is growing rapidly due to short product lifecycles and lack of proper recycling. It contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium, mercury that harm the environment and human health when improperly disposed. International laws and national legislations seek to better manage transboundary e-waste movements and promote recycling.
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E waste
What is E-waste? – What causes E-waste?: Rapid development of upgraded electronic equipments forces the disposal of outdated equipments. – What makes E-waste hazardous?: All electronic equipments are made up of materials, which are harmful to human and pollute the environment when exposed. The harmful materials used in the manufacture of electronic equipments are Lead, Mercury, Plastics, CFCs, Cadmium, etc. – Current status of E-waste: E-waste now a day’s forces the world experts to turn back, as it’s a rapid growing problem in the developed and developing countries to recycle it or to dispose it safely so that they don’t pose any environmental pollution or hazards. – What caused the current state of E-waste: The lack of awareness about the hazardous & polluting nature of E-waste. And the cost to recycle E-wastes. – How to control E-waste? Reduce and Recycle: When a equipment is not working it doesn’t mean that the whole equipment has spoiled but generally just one part. By trying to use the equipments as long as possible by getting it repaired at service centers helps in reducing the accumulation of E-wastes. On the other hand certain equipments have to be disposed, at that time recycling of them prevents E-waste. – How to recycle?: The recycling of E-waste is not a simple process that can be performed all were, as they deal with harmful materials, and which requires lot of stuffs. The recycle of E-waste is done in many categories according to the material out of which it is made. – Benefits of recycling E-waste: The electronic equipments are made of material or resources such as Lead, Mercury, Plastics, CFCs, Cadmium, etc., which are nonrenewable can be recovered by the recycling process. Thus preventing nonrenewable resources from becoming extinct. Due to the availability of resources by recycling too they may account for the decrease in cost of the equipments. – Why recycling of E-waste is costly: The recycling of E-waste is costly when compared to recycling of other matters. This is because the composition of the equipments are harmful the recycling of which should be done with extensive care in hi-tech manner with expensive tools. The recycling of E-waste requires large labor as the primary aspect of recycling them is to categories them in metals, plastic, glass, etc., for further processing. As major constituent of E-waste is circuit board the de-soldering of which requires labor? These things makes recycling of E-waste costly. – Steps to control E-waste: The major reason of E-waste is the lack of awareness about it among the consumers of the electronic equipments. The control of E-waste can be achieved by creating awareness to the consumers about the hazardous nature of the equipments on disposal while selling the products. The E-waste recycle centers should be in reach of the consumers to disclose them safely to the recycler. The produce of the electronic equipments can implement the E-waste recycle unit
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This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It defines e-waste as discarded electronic devices such as computers, TVs, and cell phones. E-waste is a growing problem due to the toxic materials it contains and improper disposal methods. The document outlines sources of e-waste, its components, and disposal challenges. It advocates for greater reuse and recycling of e-waste to reduce environmental contamination and protect human health.
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This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste), including its definition, production, composition, disposal issues, health problems, and management. It notes that e-waste includes obsolete or discarded electrical/electronic equipment like computers, TVs, and cell phones. About 50 million metric tons of e-waste are produced globally each year, with improper disposal releasing toxic materials that can harm the environment and human health. The document outlines some steps to properly manage e-waste, including detoxification to remove hazardous components, shredding the materials into pieces, and refining to extract reusable components.
E-Waste
Management of Electricals and Electronics Waste. E-waste is any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliance. E-waste includes computers, entertainment electronics, mobile phones and other items that have been discarded by their original user. Electronic appliance makes more toxic waste.
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This certificate verifies that Mekonnen G/Egziabher Muhiye successfully completed and passed the Introduction to Environmental Science course offered by DartmouthX, an online learning initiative of Dartmouth College through edX. The course was taught by Professor Andrew J. Friedland of Dartmouth College's Environmental Studies department. The certificate can be verified online at the provided URL to confirm its authenticity.
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Electronic waste is a rapidly growing problem as obsolete electronics are discarded. India generates around 500,000 tons of e-waste per year, which is expected to increase substantially. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using unsafe practices like open burning and acid baths, releasing toxic materials into the environment. Proper e-waste management and regulations are needed to promote recycling and reduce environmental contamination from this growing waste stream.
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E-waste is a growing problem in India, with 0.8 million tons generated annually and a 10% yearly increase. It includes obsolete electronics like computers, phones, and televisions. Currently, 90% of e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector and recycled using unsafe methods that are polluting and expose workers to toxic materials. Formal regulations and recycling systems are needed to safely manage e-waste and recover valuable materials like gold, silver, and copper from electronic scrap. Extended producer responsibility, import controls, public awareness, and cleaner recycling technologies can help address this important environmental issue.
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E-waste refers to electronic products such as computers, TVs, cell phones that are nearing or at the end of their useful lives. These products contain toxic materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury that can harm human health and pollute the environment if not disposed of properly. Rapid growth in the electronics industry has led to increased e-waste generation which is problematic because most e-waste ends up in landfills or is improperly recycled by informal sectors. Formal e-waste recycling helps reduce environmental pollution and promotes reuse of materials. Both consumers and producers need to take responsibility in reducing and properly managing e-waste.
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This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It defines e-waste as discarded electronic devices such as computers, TVs, and cell phones. E-waste is a growing problem due to the toxic materials it contains and improper disposal methods. The document outlines sources of e-waste, its components, and disposal challenges. It advocates for greater reuse and recycling of e-waste to reduce environmental contamination and protect human health.
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This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste), including its definition, production, composition, disposal issues, health problems, and management. It notes that e-waste includes obsolete or discarded electrical/electronic equipment like computers, TVs, and cell phones. About 50 million metric tons of e-waste are produced globally each year, with improper disposal releasing toxic materials that can harm the environment and human health. The document outlines some steps to properly manage e-waste, including detoxification to remove hazardous components, shredding the materials into pieces, and refining to extract reusable components.
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Green Computing
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EPR Role of Informal Sector
12-13 May 2016 - India's Policy Dialogue: International Workshop on Extended Producer Responsibility in India: Opportunities, Challenges and Lessons from International Experience, New Delhi, India.
E-Waste
The document discusses the issue of electronic waste (e-waste) and focuses on the village of Guiyu, China as a case study. Guiyu has become one of the largest e-waste sites in the world due to the import of millions of tons of discarded electronics annually from other countries. Primitive recycling techniques used in Guiyu expose workers and the local environment to toxic heavy metals and chemicals. Proper e-waste management and recycling is needed to address the health and environmental problems caused by the rapid growth of discarded electronics.
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Soil microbiology
Soil microorganisms play important roles in maintaining soil health and fertility. They are involved in nutrient cycling by decomposing organic matter, fixing nitrogen, and carrying out other biochemical processes. The main types of microbes found in soil are bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Soil microbes affect soil structure, plant growth, and carry out important processes like nitrogen fixation, nutrient availability, and degradation of pollutants. However, human activities like agricultural practices, urbanization, and climate change threaten soil microbes by reducing organic matter, increasing salinity, and introducing pollutants. Proper management is needed to protect these vital soil microorganisms.
Stem cell imaging using nanoparticles
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been used to label and track stem cells. These nanoparticles can be internalized by stem cells and do not affect their viability, proliferation or differentiation capabilities. Labeled stem cells can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging both in vitro and in vivo. This non-invasive technique allows localization and analysis of stem cell interactions and distributions, providing valuable information for advancing stem cell therapies.
Ion exchange chromatography
Theoretical background
Cont’d
Ion exchangers
There are three classes of ion exchangers , these include
Resins
Gels
Inorganic exchangers
Selectivity for ion exchange
In general , ion exchangers favour the binding of ions of
Higher charge
Decreased hydrated radius
Increased polarizability
Ion exchange resins are used for the separation of small molecules.
Ion exchange gels are used for the separation of large molecules like protiens ,nucleic acids.
Separations involving harsh chemical conditions(high temperature , high radiation levels, strongly basic solutions or powerful oxidizing agents) employ inorganic ion exchangers
Advantages
Detectability: useful for the detection of many in-organic salts and organic ions with poor uv absorptivity like alkyl amines or sulfonates.
Preparative separations: usually preferred because of the availability of volatile buffers . volatile buffers makes the removal of mobile phase easier.
Useful to resolve very complex samples, i.e in the case of multi step separation
Useful for separation of mixtures of biological origin, in organic salts and some organo- metallics
Applications
Conversion from one salt to other e.g we can prepare tetra propyl ammonium hydroxide from a tetra propyl salt of some other anion.
household (laundry detergents and water filters) to produce soft water
Ion exchange is used to prepare de-ionized water
separate and purify metals
Dealkalization
analysis and purification of immunoglobulins
Separation of inorganic ions
Hadley circulation: evidence and impacts
An atmospheric circulation pattern occurring in the tropics and circulation is intimately related to the trade winds, tropical rainbelts, subtropical deserts and the jetstreams.
Process
Air rises up into the atmosphere at or near the equator, flows toward the poles above the surface of the Earth, returns to the Earth’s surface in the subtropics, and flows back towards the equator converging with its counterpart from northern or southern hemisphere.
The Hadley cells show seasonal variation in their intensity, geographical extent and latitudinal position.
Hadley cell
History
Need of mapping circulation?
Early Ideas on Trade Winds
British Debate
Hadley Principle’s birth
George Hadley (1735)
Why this happens?
Energy Balance
30 N and 30 S there is a surplus of radiation
Net deficit at all greater latitudes
mechanisms to transport the surplus energy towards the poles
Cont’d
Cont’d
Mechanism Explained!
Flow of air occurs because the Sun heats air at the Earth’s surface near the equator.
warm air rises, creating a band of low pressure at the equator.
Rising air reaches the top of the troposphere (10-15 kms) above Earth’s surface, air flows towards north and south poles.
The Hadley cell eventually returns air to the surface of the Earth in the subtropics, near 30 degrees north or south latitude.
Cont’d
1) ITCZ 2)mid-latitude precipitation zone
ITCZ
ITCZ and Hadley cells are not stationary
Move north and south with the position of sun
Presence of ITCZ produces rain in over that area
Evidences
Evidence of poleward expansion
Evidence of Solar Influence
UV irradiance and ozone heating in the upper stratosphere.
cyclic variations in relationship invisible in the long-term average.
Experimental observations?
Expansion of about 2 to 4.5 degrees of latitude since 1979.
The expansion of the Hadley circulation implies a poleward expansion of the band of subtropical subsidence, leading to enhanced mid-latitude tropospheric warming and poleward shifts of the subtropical dry zone.
This would contribute to an increased frequency of midlatitude droughts in both hemispheres.
Poleward expansion
Both observational outgoing longwave radiation and precipitation datasets show an annual average total poleward expansion of the Hadley cells of about 3.6o latitude.
A widening of the Hadley cell has also been seen in recent satellite observations
Cont’d
Analysis of upper tropospheric humidity, cloud amount, surface air temperature, and vertical velocity confirm that changes are associated with a decadal-time-scale strengthening of the tropical Hadley circulations.
Equatorial convective regions have intensified in up-ward motion and moistened, while both the equatorial and subtropical subsidence regions have become drier and less cloudy.
Probiotics- unfolding their potential in boosting poultry industry
Definition:
“Living microorganisms when conferred in sufficient amount on the host, will render beneficial effects on health.”(FAO/WHO)
Lactobacillus, Candida, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Aspergillus, and Saccharomyces spp.
History
Élie Metchnikoff (20th century)
Werner Kolath(1953)
Probiotics for poultry
Need of Probiotics?
Selection criteria
Probiotics in poultry industry
First decisive incident
Commercial vs. wild chicken
Selection criteria
Probiotic requirement in poultry (concept)
How probiotics act?
Maintain normal intestinal microflora
competitive exclusion and resistance
Change metabolism
speeding digestive enzyme activity
Perk up feed intake and digestion
Diminish bacterial enzyme activity and ammonia production
Stimulate the immune system
Evaluation of probiotics on poultry
Growth performance
Intestinal microbiota and morphology
Immune response
Meat quality/chicken caracass
Side effects(toxicity of ingredients)
Growth performance
broilers fed with two probiotic species put on more weight(Lan et al.,2003 )
weight gain significantly higher in probiotic fed birds(Kabir et al.,2004) .
inactivated probiotics have constructive actions on the production achievement (Huang et al.,2004).
Cont’d
values of giblets and dressing percentage elevated for probiotic fed broilers (Mahanjan et al.,1999)
Intestinal microbiota and morphology
Probiotics inhibited pathogens by dwelling on intestinal wall space(Kabir et al.,2005 )
Birds fed dietary B. subtilis for 28 days displayed better growth and prominent intestinal histologies. (Samanya and Yamauchi.,2002)
Chicks given Lactobacillus strains had less amount of coliforms in cecal grindings(Watkins and Kratzer.,1983 ).
Cont’d
L. salivarius 3d strain decreased the number of Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella enteritidis (Kizerwetter-Swida and Binek., 2009).
Probiotic species have an implicit action on regulation of intestinal microflora and pathogen occlusion (Higgins et al., 2007)
Immune response
Higher amount of antibody production(Kabir et al.,2005 )
Improved serum and intestinal antibodies to a foreign antigens in chickens (Haghighi et al.,2005)
Probiotics protected broilers against Eimeria acervulina infection even with a moderate dose (Dalloul et al.,2003)
Cont’d
Better local immune defenses against coccidiosis.
Splenocytes and cecal tonsil cells, STAT2 and STAT4 genes were greatly stimulated and the expression of STAT2, STAT4, IL-18, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma genes in cecal tonsil cells were up-regulated after treating with L. acidophilus DNA.
Additive probiotic supplements were ineffective on systemic IgG (Midilli et al.,2008 ).
Atmospheric brown clouds
Atmospheric brown clouds (ABCs) are smog like regional scale plumes of air pollution(brown haze >1 mile thick) that consist of copious amounts of tiny particles of soot, sulphates, nitrates, fly ash and many other pollutants caused mainly by the burning of fossil fuels and firewood
ABCs start as indoor and outdoor air pollution consisting of particles (referred to as primary aerosols) and pollutant gases, such as NOx, CO, SO2, NH3, and hundreds of organic gases and acids.
First observation (1990)
global phenomenon and are associated with human-generated air pollution
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Probiotics- unfolding their potential in boosting poultry industry
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Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
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Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
一比一原版(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
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Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Presented by Alexandra Barthelmes at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyRecently uploaded (20)
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
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ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
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How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Techno trash toxicity
- 2. Objectives • To impart information on this topic • Familiarize you with: – hazards – Laws – initiatives • Provide solutions – e-cycle – Reduce – reuse
- 3. Contents • What is Techno-trash/E-Waste ? – Trends & Insights – Problems • Toxic components of E-waste • Legislations – International – National • E-cycling
- 4. •Major generators of e-waste •Businesses, Household, Institutions, manufacturers •What is techno-trash? •discarded, surplus, obsolete, or broken electrical or electronic devices. •Interchangable terms(E-waste, Digital dump, E-junk , e- scrap, WEEE) Introduction
- 5. How Technology becomes Trash? • Changes and advancement in technology – Digital TV conversion, Cell phone upgrades, software upgrade • Changes in fashion, style and status • Attractive offer from manufacturers • Small life of equipments – Can’t change battery in your I-pod – Disposable printers
- 6. List of most used and frequently replaced electronics Cell phones 22 months Desktop computer 2 years Television 10+ years Portable music player 2-3 years DVD player 4-5 years Printer 5+ years Every year the world tosses 20-50 million metric tons of electronics.Only 10-18% of which is recycled. Which means
- 8. Cont’d All TV 2010 2011 2012 LCD TVs 247 million (Displaysearch) 248 million (Displaysearch) 254 million (Displaysearch) All cell phones 1.211 billion (Gartner) 1.59 billion (gartner) -
- 9. E-waste by tonnes Product Recycling rate Disposed:423,000 Recycled:168,000 Computers, laptops and CPUs 39.7% Disposed:19,500 Recycled:2,240 Cellphones/pagers 11.4% Disposed:10,45,000 Recycled:181,000 Television 17.3% Disposed:595,000 Recycled:1,94,000 Computer monitors 32.7% Disposed:290,000 Recycled:97,000 Printers, copiers, fax machines 33.3% Disposed:67,800 Recycled:6,460 Keyboards and mice 9.5% E-Waste Vs products(2010 statistics)
- 10. Statistics(USA-EPA) • E-waste forms 3-5% of municipal waste • 100,000 pounds of CDs become out-dated, useless or unwanted in USA alone/month • 5.5 million boxes of software go to landfills or incinerators/month
- 11. Why e-waste a problem? • Products are quickly obsolete and discarded • Non-biodegradable – difficult to recycle – Discarded electronics are managed badly – More e-waste goes to landfills – Most recyclers don’t recycle, they export – Prison recycling, high Tech chain gang • Contains hazardous materials – Heavy metals and toxins(lead, cadmium, beryllium, mercury, and brominated flame retardants.)
- 12. Chemicals in Tecno-trash Substance Occurance in Techno-trash Chromium VI Data tapes, floppy disks Lead Batteries, printing wire boards Lithium Li-Batteries Mercury Fluorescent lamps, alkaline batteries Nickel Rechargable Ni-Cd batteries Selenium Older photocopying machines Beryllium X-ray lenses PVC Cable insulation Arsenic Gallium Arsenide in LEDs
- 13. Computer trash, dangerous practices to process it and hazards Computer/E-waste component Processes used Potential occupational hazard Potential environmental hazard Cathode ray tube Regunning, breaking,removal of Yoke and dumping Silicosis Glass dust inhalation,cuts Inhalation of P,Cd Lead,barium and other heavy metals leaching into ground water Printed circuit boards Desoldering and removing computer chips Tin,Lead,mercury inhalation Air emission of same substances Plastic from computer,keyboard, printer,wires Shredding and low temperature melting,stripping to remove copper Inhalation of fumes,dioxin exposure Emission of brominated dioxins and heavy metals
- 14. Effects On Environment • Pollution of Ground-Water. • Acidification of soil. – accounts for 40 % of the lead and 75 % of the heavy metals found in landfills. • Air Pollution.
- 15. Effect on human health • Damage to central and peripheral nervous systems, blood • systems and kidney damage • Affects brain development of children • Chronic damage to the brain • Respiratory and skin disorders due to bioaccumulation in fishes • Asthmatic bronchitis • DNA damage • Reproductive and developmental problems • Immune system damage • Lung Cancer • Damage to heart, liver and spleen
- 16. A Global Pinball Game: Tracking E- Waste • Waste without frontiers • Exports of charity or grief? • Donated electronics without training/ infrastructure assured. • Donated electronics without end-of-Life Plan • Exports of near end-of-life equipment • Exports without a reuse market
- 17. Digital Dump: Exporting High-Tech Re- use and Abuse • No rigorous studies of exactly how e-waste exported to developing nations • 50-80 % of waste collected by recyclers ends up getting exported
- 18. Cont’d Huge quantities of hazardous electronic wastes exported to China, Pakistan and India – US exports 70% of e-waste – China: largest e-waste importer – Guiyu Region, China – 100,000 e‐Waste workers – processed in operations that are extremely harmful to human health and the environment
- 19. E-waste destinations ( According to an investigation by an International coalition of environmental organisations)
- 20. Annually imported under the pretext of ‘second-hand machinery’ Pakistan as a dumping site •Arrival in Pakistan •separated according to the condition. •Working machines are sold in the market • usable parts are removed •unusable machines are sent to the recycling industry/people to extract metals
- 21. •E-waste management market in Pakistan is dominated by informal sector, which includes waste importers, scarp dealers, dissemblers, and recyclers •(photoessay) How it is handled?
- 22. Dangerous practices adopted by people in working on Techno-trash Bashing open cathode ray tubes with hammers, exposing the toxic phosphor dust inside. Cooking circuit boards over open fires to melt the lead solder, breathing in toxic lead fumes. Burning wires in open piles to melt away the plastics (to get at the copper inside). Burning the plastic casings, creating dioxins and furans