Total RNA discovery with RT2 and miScript PCR Arrays : Explore the RNA universe - Whatever your destination within the RNA universe, QIAGEN will help you get there. The miRNeasy kits deliver pure, high-quality total RNA from a broad range of samples. The RT2 and miScript PCR arrays are a complete solution both for focused analysis of gene and microRNA expression and for validation of microarray and RNA sequencing experiments. Together with the powerful analytics tools of GeneGlobe® and QIAGEN Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis, these products give you a smooth path from your sample to high-quality results.
PCR Array Data Analysis Tutorial: qPCR Technology Webinar Series Part 3QIAGEN
Using actual PCR Array data, this slidedeck presents an easy-to-use and free web-based data analysis tool to calculate fold-differences in gene expression from your raw real-time PCR threshold cycles. Learn how you can look at your results in different formats, including heat map, scatter, volcano, clustergram and multigroup plot.
It is called “polymerase” because the only enzyme used in this reaction is DNA polymerase.
It is called “chain” because the products of the first reaction become substrates of the following one, and so on.
PCR Array Data Analysis Tutorial: qPCR Technology Webinar Series Part 3QIAGEN
Using actual PCR Array data, this slidedeck presents an easy-to-use and free web-based data analysis tool to calculate fold-differences in gene expression from your raw real-time PCR threshold cycles. Learn how you can look at your results in different formats, including heat map, scatter, volcano, clustergram and multigroup plot.
It is called “polymerase” because the only enzyme used in this reaction is DNA polymerase.
It is called “chain” because the products of the first reaction become substrates of the following one, and so on.
This presentation is explains about the genome sequencing, its traditional method and modern method. This basically focus on Next Generation Sequencing and its types.
The importance of controls and novel solutions for successful real-time qPCRQIAGEN
The increasing demand for streamlined, monitored and ultrafast qPCR procedures requires high-performance, real-time quantitative RT and PCR chemistries. Particularly, procedures utilizing generic kits for gene expression analysis should include in-process safety measures to avoid variables and control accuracy of procedures and results. This slidedeck presents innovative solutions for one-step and two-step RT-PCR that significantly enhance performance and reliability in qRT-PCR. The new QuantiNova kit family offers a combination of various integrated safety features to remove variables and prevent artifacts. Internal control RNA, removal of genomic DNA, room temperature set-up capability for RT-PCR and a built-in visual pipetting control verify accurate procedures, ensuring reliable gene expression profiling.
This slidedeck explains the principles of the technologies and shows data demonstrating performance in qRT-PCR. Find out how you can verify accurate performance in qRT-PCR and improve your results!
Meeting the challenges of miRNA research: miRNA and its Role in Human Disease...QIAGEN
miRNA plays a critical role in many biological processes such as differentiation and development, cell signaling, response to infection and more. This slideshow will cover the biology of miRNA, the key challenges associated with miRNA research and the latest advances in miRNA research technology.
Liquid biopsy: Overcome Challenges of Circulating DNA with Automated and Stan...QIAGEN
Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) originating from malignant tumors, a developing fetus and also from inflammatory tissues, is present in the cell-free nucleic acids in plasma, serum and other body fluids and is considered a “liquid biopsy”. Access to ccfDNA for analysis allows for specific detection of certain disease states based on a simple blood sample. Circulating cell-free DNA shows distinctive properties – it is present mostly as shorter fragments of less than 500 bp and the concentration of ccfDNA in a plasma or serum sample is low (approximately 1–100 ng/ml) compared to cellular materials and varies considerably between different individuals.
Because of their fragmented nature and low concentration, ccfDNA presents a particular challenge for efficient extraction / purification and quantification, such as by qPCR. We present data on solutions for the following critical problems concerning the purification of ccfDNA for research and molecular diagnostic applications:
• Pre-analytical workflow (blood processing) for analyzing ccfDNA
• Optimization of ccfDNA extraction from plasma samples: low target concentrations require efficient ccfDNA enrichment from larger sample volumes
• Novel automated extraction of ccfDNA using the QIAsymphony SP instrument for liquid biopsy diagnostic applications.
AGRF in conjunction with EMBL Australia recently organised a workshop at Monash University Clayton. This workshop was targeted at beginners and biologists who are new to analysing Next-Gen Sequencing data. The workshop also aimed to provide users with a snapshot of bioinformatics and data analysis tips on how to begin to analyse project data. An introduction to RNA-seq data analysis was presented by AGRF Senior Bioinformatician Dr. Sonika Tyagi.
Presented: 1st August 2012
Dna Methylation Analysis in a Single Day - Download the SlidesQIAGEN
This webinar introduces the new PyroMark Q48 Autoprep system. Combined with the latest EpiTect Fast bisulfite conversion technology, the new PyroMark Q48 Autoprep can now provide highly automated methylation analysis in a single day.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is based on a microbial restriction system, that has been harnessed for genome targeting using only a short sequence of RNA as a guide.
The beauty of the system is that unlike protein binding based technologies such as Zinc Fingers and TALENs which require complex protein engineering, the design rules are very simple, and it is this fact that is allowing CRISPR to take genome engineering from a relatively niche persuit to the mainstream scientific community.
The principle of the system is that a short guide RNA, homologous to the target site recruits a nuclease – Cas9
This then cuts the dsDNA, triggering repair by either the low fidelity NHEJ pathway, or by HDR in the presence of an exogenous donor sequence.
High Efficiencies for both knockouts and knock-ins have been reported and whilst there are understandable concerns about specificity, new methodologies to address these are now being developed
The system itself is comprised of three key components
the Cas9 protein, which cuts/cleaves the DNA and
Two RNAs - a crispr RNA contains the sequence homologous to the target site and a trans-activating crisprRNA (or TracrRNA) which recruits the nuclease/crispr complex
For genome editing, the crisperRNA and TraceRNA are generally now constructed together into a single guideRNA or sgRNA
Genome editing is elicited through hybridization of the sgRNA with its matching genomic sequence, and the recruitment of the Cas9, which cleaves at the target site.
miRNA profiling from blood challenges and recommendations - Download the articleQIAGEN
The discovery of stable miRNA species circulating in blood has led to increased research focus on disease-related variations in serum and plasma miRNA expression and the possibility that such variations could serve as noninvasive biomarkers for disease. Working with serum and plasma miRNA presents various challenges in purification and characterization. In this paper, we outline QIAGEN recommendations for robust purification and quantification, as well as reliable data normalization and analysis.
Automated DNA extraction from FFPE tissue using a xylene free deparaffinizati...QIAGEN
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples are routinely used for immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis in cancer research. However, many methods for DNA extraction from FFPE tissue sections are manual procedures that are not standardized, time consuming and often involve the use of hazardous materials like xylene. Recently we introduced an automated solution for the DNA extraction from FFPE tissue using the QIAsymphony SP instrument in combination with the QIAsymphony DNA Mini kit.
This presentation is explains about the genome sequencing, its traditional method and modern method. This basically focus on Next Generation Sequencing and its types.
The importance of controls and novel solutions for successful real-time qPCRQIAGEN
The increasing demand for streamlined, monitored and ultrafast qPCR procedures requires high-performance, real-time quantitative RT and PCR chemistries. Particularly, procedures utilizing generic kits for gene expression analysis should include in-process safety measures to avoid variables and control accuracy of procedures and results. This slidedeck presents innovative solutions for one-step and two-step RT-PCR that significantly enhance performance and reliability in qRT-PCR. The new QuantiNova kit family offers a combination of various integrated safety features to remove variables and prevent artifacts. Internal control RNA, removal of genomic DNA, room temperature set-up capability for RT-PCR and a built-in visual pipetting control verify accurate procedures, ensuring reliable gene expression profiling.
This slidedeck explains the principles of the technologies and shows data demonstrating performance in qRT-PCR. Find out how you can verify accurate performance in qRT-PCR and improve your results!
Meeting the challenges of miRNA research: miRNA and its Role in Human Disease...QIAGEN
miRNA plays a critical role in many biological processes such as differentiation and development, cell signaling, response to infection and more. This slideshow will cover the biology of miRNA, the key challenges associated with miRNA research and the latest advances in miRNA research technology.
Liquid biopsy: Overcome Challenges of Circulating DNA with Automated and Stan...QIAGEN
Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) originating from malignant tumors, a developing fetus and also from inflammatory tissues, is present in the cell-free nucleic acids in plasma, serum and other body fluids and is considered a “liquid biopsy”. Access to ccfDNA for analysis allows for specific detection of certain disease states based on a simple blood sample. Circulating cell-free DNA shows distinctive properties – it is present mostly as shorter fragments of less than 500 bp and the concentration of ccfDNA in a plasma or serum sample is low (approximately 1–100 ng/ml) compared to cellular materials and varies considerably between different individuals.
Because of their fragmented nature and low concentration, ccfDNA presents a particular challenge for efficient extraction / purification and quantification, such as by qPCR. We present data on solutions for the following critical problems concerning the purification of ccfDNA for research and molecular diagnostic applications:
• Pre-analytical workflow (blood processing) for analyzing ccfDNA
• Optimization of ccfDNA extraction from plasma samples: low target concentrations require efficient ccfDNA enrichment from larger sample volumes
• Novel automated extraction of ccfDNA using the QIAsymphony SP instrument for liquid biopsy diagnostic applications.
AGRF in conjunction with EMBL Australia recently organised a workshop at Monash University Clayton. This workshop was targeted at beginners and biologists who are new to analysing Next-Gen Sequencing data. The workshop also aimed to provide users with a snapshot of bioinformatics and data analysis tips on how to begin to analyse project data. An introduction to RNA-seq data analysis was presented by AGRF Senior Bioinformatician Dr. Sonika Tyagi.
Presented: 1st August 2012
Dna Methylation Analysis in a Single Day - Download the SlidesQIAGEN
This webinar introduces the new PyroMark Q48 Autoprep system. Combined with the latest EpiTect Fast bisulfite conversion technology, the new PyroMark Q48 Autoprep can now provide highly automated methylation analysis in a single day.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is based on a microbial restriction system, that has been harnessed for genome targeting using only a short sequence of RNA as a guide.
The beauty of the system is that unlike protein binding based technologies such as Zinc Fingers and TALENs which require complex protein engineering, the design rules are very simple, and it is this fact that is allowing CRISPR to take genome engineering from a relatively niche persuit to the mainstream scientific community.
The principle of the system is that a short guide RNA, homologous to the target site recruits a nuclease – Cas9
This then cuts the dsDNA, triggering repair by either the low fidelity NHEJ pathway, or by HDR in the presence of an exogenous donor sequence.
High Efficiencies for both knockouts and knock-ins have been reported and whilst there are understandable concerns about specificity, new methodologies to address these are now being developed
The system itself is comprised of three key components
the Cas9 protein, which cuts/cleaves the DNA and
Two RNAs - a crispr RNA contains the sequence homologous to the target site and a trans-activating crisprRNA (or TracrRNA) which recruits the nuclease/crispr complex
For genome editing, the crisperRNA and TraceRNA are generally now constructed together into a single guideRNA or sgRNA
Genome editing is elicited through hybridization of the sgRNA with its matching genomic sequence, and the recruitment of the Cas9, which cleaves at the target site.
miRNA profiling from blood challenges and recommendations - Download the articleQIAGEN
The discovery of stable miRNA species circulating in blood has led to increased research focus on disease-related variations in serum and plasma miRNA expression and the possibility that such variations could serve as noninvasive biomarkers for disease. Working with serum and plasma miRNA presents various challenges in purification and characterization. In this paper, we outline QIAGEN recommendations for robust purification and quantification, as well as reliable data normalization and analysis.
Automated DNA extraction from FFPE tissue using a xylene free deparaffinizati...QIAGEN
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples are routinely used for immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis in cancer research. However, many methods for DNA extraction from FFPE tissue sections are manual procedures that are not standardized, time consuming and often involve the use of hazardous materials like xylene. Recently we introduced an automated solution for the DNA extraction from FFPE tissue using the QIAsymphony SP instrument in combination with the QIAsymphony DNA Mini kit.
QIAGEN® Originals — Pure Plasmids, Genuine Kits - Learn moreQIAGEN
Plasmid DNA purification is one of the most commonly used methods in molecular biology. While being relatively simple to perform, purification of high-purity DNA is critical for reliable results in downstream applications.
As the innovator of plasmid DNA purification kits, QIAGEN has consistently set standards by providing faster preps, higher throughput, more convenience, and superior DNA quality for stringent applications. Learn more about the different plasmid purification solutions from QIAGEN for your research.
Use of Methylation Markers for Age Estimation of an unknown Individual based ...QIAGEN
Biological samples and traces collected at crime scenes have potential to be used for predicting
the age of the individuals from whom the samples originated. In no-suspect cases and cases with
no DNA profile match against a database, such information could be critical for providing additional intelligence for criminal investigations. Read more.
Stable 16 year storage of DNA purified with the QIAamp® DNA Blood mini kit - ...QIAGEN
In this application note, we describe the success of the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit in the preparation of highly stable DNA,as evidenced by 16-year storage data. We also report the best storage conditions for maximal protection against degradation.
PCR - From Setup to Cleanup: A Beginner`s Guide with Useful Tips and Tricks -...QIAGEN
This End-Point PCR Beginner´s Guide will not only give you a comprehensive overview of tools and techniques to help you to get the most out of your samples, but also give you information on dedicated solutions and complete workflows on multiplex PCR and PCR fragment analysis.
Analyzing Fusion Genes Using Next-Generation SequencingQIAGEN
Fusion genes are hybrid genes formed by the fusion of two separate genes. Translocation, interstitial deletion and chromosomal inversions are some of the genetic events that can lead to the formation of fusion genes. The occurrence of fusion genes and its implications in cancer have already been known, but the emergence of NGS technology – especially RNA sequencing – offers the potential to detect novel gene fusions. You can learn more about fusion genes and applying NGS to detect them at our upcoming webinar, presented by Raed Samara, Ph.D., QIAGEN’s Global Product Manager for NGS technologies.
In this webinar, Dr. Raed Samara will cover:
1. Fusion genes: what they are and a historical perspective
2. Fusion gene detection: the current status
3. RNA sequencing vs. digital RNA sequencing
4. How to detect and accurately quantify novel fusion genes in your sample
Microbiome Identification to Characterization: Pathogen Detection Webinar Ser...QIAGEN
The research community has begun correlating the makeup of individual microbiomes with disorders and diseases such as autism, atherosclerosis, obesity and cancer. To accomplish this, researchers must first identify and characterize these microbial communities. This slidedeck will begin with a general introduction of metagenomics and an overview of experimental strategies. Following this, a comprehensive microbiome assay pipeline will be introduced. We conclude with application-based examples that demonstrate how to identify and characterize microbiome profiles.
In this slidedeck, the following topics, which are critical steps for efficient and precise gene expression studies using real-time PCR technology, are covered:
• Effect of RNA integrity on real-time PCR results – tips on how to achieve a true RNA profile suitable for real-time PCR studies
• Improved methods for cDNA synthesis, optimized for real-time PCR
• Real-time PCR analysis
• Real-time PCR essentials and background information on different quantification strategies
• SYBR Green real-time PCR – factors influencing specificity
• Introduction to probe technology
• New, fast and efficient real-time PCR solutions
5 Tips for Successful qRT-PCR Results InfographicQIAGEN
Market research shows that 66.6% of researchers use qRT-PCR for gene-expression profiling. Clearly, this is a very effective and popular technique for detecting RNA expression levels, but it’s still prone to pitfalls that can sometimes lead to disappointing results.
To help improve your experiments, we’ve made a new infographic with some interesting facts about qRT-PCR and 5 tips to help with your gene expression studies. This will cover everything from experimental design to data analysis.
Deeper Insight into Transcriptomes! Download the FlyerQIAGEN
Discover a new workflow for RT-PCR-based gene expression work
Accurate and biologically relevant results in RT-PCR-based
gene expression can be difficult to achieve. Successful
transcriptome work requires validated, reproducible targets
and high-quality technology. Recognizing the variability arising from sample physiology
and pathology, the influence of sample purification and
assay conditions, and the importance of access to easyto-
use software, QIAGEN experts developed a new gene
expression workflow. It will help you properly validate your
RT-PCR and gain the deepest insight into your result.
Rapid and accurate Cancer somatic mutation profiling with the qBiomarker Soma...QIAGEN
QIAGEN has developed real-time PCR-based qBiomarker Somatic Mutation PCR Arrays for pathway- and disease-focused mutation profiling. By combining allele-specific amplification and 5' hydrolysis probe detection, the PCR assays on these arrays detect as little as 0.01% somatic mutation in a background of wild-type genomic DNA. These assays have consistent and reliable mutation detection performance in different sample types (including fresh, frozen, or formalin-fixed samples), and with varying sample quality. In application examples, the PCR-based mutation detection results are consistent with Pyrosequencing results for the same samples. The qBiomarker Somatic Mutation PCR Arrays, combining laboratory-verified assays, comprehensive content, and integrated data analysis software, are highly suited for identifying somatic mutations in the context of biological pathways and diseases.
Enabling CNV Studies from Single Cells Using Whole Genome Amplification and L...QIAGEN
DNA copy number variations (CNVs) play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. While array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has generally been used to identify CNVs in the whole genome, next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides an opportunity to characterize CNVs genome-wide with unprecedented resolution, even at the single cell level.
However, CNV detection in single cells is faced with various challenges, such as incomplete genome coverage, introduction of sequence errors, GC bias and false positives.
In this new poster, we show a method for capturing the entire genomic complexity of a single cell, overcoming these challenges and ensuring accurate detection of CNVs.
Extending miRQC’s dynamic range: amplifying the view of Limiting RNA samples ...QIAGEN
The original microRNA quality control (miRQC) study provided an in-depth analysis of commercially available microRNA (miRNA) quantification platforms. Specifically, twelve different
microarray, real-time PCR and small RNA sequencing platforms were assessed for reproducibility, sensitivity, accuracy, specificity and concordance of differential expression using a variety of sample types. Overall, each platform exhibited specific strengths and weaknesses, leading to the
final suggestion that a platform should be chosen on the basis of the experimental setting and the specific research questions. With this suggestion in mind, and the fact that liquid miRNA biopsies are an area of intense interest, we sought to expand the original miRQC study. For our “miRQC extension,” we benchmarked the QIAGEN miScript® PCR System with and without preamplification, and included a specific focus on routinely used biofluids. Concurrently, we benchmarked the miScript PCR System against another SYBR® Green miRNA detection platform. Overall, QIAGEN miScript demonstrated strong reproducibility and accuracy as well as superior detection rate and sensitivity in biofluids. Collectively, QIAGEN miScript provides the leading solution for novel miRNA discoveries.
RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays: Pathway-focused Gene Expression Profiling with qRT-P...QIAGEN
This paper evaluates the performance of the newest technique for monitoring the expression of a panel of pathway- or disease-specific genes: the RT2 Profiler PCR Array System. The RT2 Profiler PCR Array System combines the quantitative performance of SYBR® Green real-time PCR with the multiple-gene profiling capabilities of a microarray.
The RT2 Profiler PCR Array is a 96- or 384-well plate containing RT2 qPCR Primer Assays for a set of 84 related genes, plus 5 housekeeping genes and 3 controls. The complete system includes an instrument-specific master mix and an optimized first strand synthesis kit. This paper presents experimental data showing that RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays have the sensitivity, reproducibility, and specificity expected from real-time PCR techniques. As a result, this technology brings focused gene expression profiling to any biological laboratory setting with a real-time PCR instrument.
This slidedeck presents a simple and accurate real-time PCR system for relevant biological pathway- and disease-focused mRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiling. Learn about the stringent performance built into the technology to ensure its sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and reliability. Application examples are also presented.
Single-cell microRNA expression profiling is a challenging workflow. From cell lysis, reverse transcription, preamplificatin to real-time PCR, every step involves technical pitfalls. Therefore it is critical to have a robust system that facilitates universal cDNA synthesis and universal amplification of all miRNAs in one workflow without introducing bias. Here we present a new poster – introducing a robust real-time PCR workflow and protocol for profiling miRNA expression from a single cell and how we analyze the single cells by using the free data analysis software.
Using methylation patterns to determine origin of biological material and ageQIAGEN
In this QIAGEN sponsored webinar, our guest speakers from the San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Crime Lab and Florida International University (FIU) discuss their research on the potential of epigenetic methylation as a procedure for body fluid identification and age estimation from DNA left at crime scenes. Several approaches have been studied, including an analysis of methyl array data and an initial validation of procedures such as pyrosequencing and real-time PCR. The presentation focuses on a number of tissue-specific epigenetic markers for body fluid and age determination with a promise of future integration of these markers into the forensic lab due to the simplicity of analysis and the ease of application.
Learn more about the Pyrosequencing technology and our solutions at
https://www.qiagen.com/resources/technologies/pyrosequencing-resource-center/
Take lung cancer research to a new molecular dimensionQIAGEN
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) can provide researchers with important new discoveries on the mechanism of cancer. Find out more about the latest technology that provides researchers the necessary tools to conduct CTC research in lung cancer.
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) can provide researchers with important new discoveries on the mechanism of cancer. Find out more about the latest technology that provides researchers the necessary tools to conduct CTC research in AR-V7 related prostate cancer.
Learn about the power of LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid) technology and QIAGEN's LNA enhanced product portfolio for RNA and DNA research. Download the slide deck!
Take your RNA research to the next level with QIAGEN LNA tools!QIAGEN
Download the flyer!
Experience truly exceptional RNA research with QIAGEN's next-generation, LNA®-enhanced tools. LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid) oligos bind with much higher affinity and specificity to RNA targets than standard DNA and RNA oligos – This enables specific and sensitive detection of small RNAs and discrimination between highly similar
sequences.
An Approach to De-convolution of Mixtures in Touch DNA Samples. Download now!QIAGEN
7th QIAGEN Investigator Forum - Lisbon, March 8, 2018 . An Approach to De-convolution of Mixtures in Touch DNA Samples. Presenter: Lisa Dierig, Institute of Legal Medicine, Ulm
Assessment of Y chromosome degradation level using the Investigator® Quantipl...QIAGEN
Assessment of Y chromosome degradation level using the Investigator® Quantiplex® Pro RGQ Kit, presented by Dr. Tomasz Kupiec, Head of the Forensic Genetics Section, Institute of Forensic Research, Krakow, Poland on June 14, 2018.
ICMP MPS SNP Panel for Missing Persons - Michelle Peck et al.QIAGEN
Optimization and Performance of a Very Large MGS SNP Panel for Missing Persons, by Michelle Peck et al., International Commission on Mission Persons. Presented May 3, 2018, at the QIAGEN Investigator Forum, San Antonio, TX.
Exploring the Temperate Leaf Microbiome: From Natural Forests to Controlled E...QIAGEN
The aerial surfaces of plants, the phyllosphere, harbors a diverse community of microorganisms. The increasing awareness of the potential roles of phyllosphere microbial communities calls for a greater understanding of their structure and dynamics in natural and urban ecosystems. To do so, we characterized the community structure and assembly dynamics of leaf bacterial communities in natural temperate forests of Quebec by comparing the relative influence of host species identity, site, and time on phyllosphere bacterial community structure. Second, we tested the value of characterizing a tree’s complete phyllosphere microbial community through a single sample by measuring the intra-individual, inter-individual and interspecific variation in leaf bacterial communities. Third, we quantified the relationships among phyllosphere bacterial diversity, plant species richness, plant functional diversity and identity, and plant community productivity in a biodiversity-ecosystem function experiment with trees. Finally, we compared tree leaf bacterial communities in natural and urban environments, as well as along a gradient of increasing anthropogenic pressures. The work presented here thus offers an original assessment of the dynamics at play in the tree phyllosphere.
Cancer Research & the Challenges of FFPE Samples – An IntroductionQIAGEN
A cascade of complex genetic and epigenetic changes regulate tumor formation and progression. Gene expression analyses can shed light on these changes at a molecular level and identify the key genes and associated pathways involved in cancer. Often the samples used in cancer research are FFPE samples, which pose a significant challenge in terms of nucleic acid quality. The quality of nucleic acids extracted from FFPE samples depends on a number of factors, including how the samples were handled before, during and after fixation and embedding.
Dr. Vishwadeepak Tripathi describes the variability of sample purification from FFPE samples – in particular, samples to be used in cancer research. What are the challenges and solutions, and what quality control approach can ensure credible results? This webinar will focus on sample purification and the quality control of FFPE samples and compare different automated purification procedures.
Introduction to real-Time Quantitative PCR (qPCR) - Download the slidesQIAGEN
This slidedeck introduces the concepts of real-time PCR and how to conduct a real-time PCR assay. The topics that are covered include an overview of real-time PCR chemistries, protocols, quantification methods, real-time PCR applications and factors for success.
The Microbiome of Research Animals : Implications for Reproducibility, Transl...QIAGEN
The human gut microbiota (GM) has emerged as a key factor in susceptibility to, as well as a potential biomarker of, several diseases and conditions. Similarly, researchers now appreciate that the GM of laboratory animals could affect the reproducibility and translatability of many disease models, including a complete loss of phenotype. While associations between characteristics of the GM and differential disease model phenotypes are of concern, they can also be viewed as sources of discovery related to disease pathogenesis. As such, there is considerable interest in factors that inadvertently influence the composition of the GM and methods of manipulating the GM prospectively to investigate such associations and standardize or optimize disease models. The webinar will present data on variables capable of influencing the GM of laboratory rodents citing several examples and animal models, considerations related to manipulation of the GM in mice and rats, and recent data supporting the use of “dirty” mice in biomedical research.
Building a large-scale missing persons ID SNP panel - Download the studyQIAGEN
In this webinar, we will take a look at a large-scale SNP-based forensic identification panel for DNA analysis with massively parallel sequencing (MPS). The panel was specifically designed for the challenges of identifying missing persons; where DNA is frequently highly degraded, and relationship tests may involve reference samples from across several generations and in a deficient pedigree.
Rapid DNA isolation from diverse plant material for use in Next Generation Se...QIAGEN
Isolation of DNA from plant material is often a tedious process which involves significant hands on time and leads to varying results due to the diverse nature of the material. Different parts of the plants as well as the plants themselves differ in both consistency of material and presence of inhibitory substances, making dependable isolation of DNA difficult.
Here, we developed a method for the efficient extraction of DNA from different plant types, including strawberry leaf, pine needle, grape leaf, and cotton and coffee seeds (workflow at right). A novel bead beating method and lysis chemistry led to more efficient sample lysis with minimal hands-on time and significantly increased DNA yield compared to conventional methods. Through the use of multiple technologies to improve removal of secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, complex polysaccharides, alkaloids and tannins that may inhibit downstream applications, the isolated DNA was of high quality and purity.
The resulting DNA is suitable for immediate use in downstream reactions, including PCR, qPCR and Next Generation Sequencing based applications. Using this method we were further able to design a workflow that included DNA isolation, library preparation and bioinformatics analyses for the efficient detection of plant pathogens isolated from infected samples. With this, our protocol is a substantial improvement within workflows used for plant microbiome and plant pathology studies as well as in plant breeding and engineering.
Rapid extraction of high yield, high quality DNA from tissue samples - Downlo...QIAGEN
Genetic and genomic analysis from tissue samples requires the extraction of high quality DNA. Mechanical disruption methods such as bead milling provide high yield from tissue samples, but cause damage to the nucleic acids. Purely enzymatic methods such as proteinase K digestion can extract nucleic acid without damage, but require long incubation times, often proceeding overnight, and without approaching the yields achieved by mechanical disruption techniques. Thus a method is needed which can provide a rapid extraction of high yield, high quality DNA from tissue samples. See the new method.
Critical Factors for Successful Real-Time PCR: Multiplex PCRQIAGEN
Multiplex end-point PCR is a powerful tool for genotyping and many other applications. QIAGEN’s multiplex PCR chemistry is optimized for reliable amplification of many different templates with high variability in copy numbers. Thus it enables very quick establishment of a new lab routine and instant success for your multiplex PCR strategy.
There is a set of critical factors which we recommend to be regarded for planning and performing this kind of PCR. These will be discussed in detail in the webinar. Additionally, our multiplex PCR chemistry has recently been gaining increasing popularity among scientists who are utilizing it for their next-generation sequencing workflows.
Practical hints and new solutions for successful real-time PCR studies QIAGEN
Part 1: Practical hints and new solutions for successful real-time PCR studies
In this webinar we will cover the following topics which are critical steps for efficient and precise gene expression studies using real-time PCR technology:
- Effect of RNA integrity on real-time PCR results – tips to achieve a true RNA profiling suitable for real-time PCR studies
- Improved methods for cDNA synthesis, optimized for real-time PCR
- Real-time PCR analysis
o Real-time PCR essentials and background information on different quantification strategies
o SYBR Green real-time PCR – factors influencing specificity
o Introduction to probe technology
o New, fast and efficient real-time PCR solutions
Part 2: Critical Factors for Successful Multiplex Real-Time PCR
Multiplex real-time PCR is a powerful tool for gene expression analysis, viral load monitoring, genotyping, and many other applications. The ability to amplify and detect several genomic DNA, cDNA, or RNA targets in the same reaction offers many benefits:
• Conservation of precious samples – more quantification data per sample
• Increased throughput – more targets analyzed per run on a cycler
• Reliable results – no well-to-well variability due to co-amplification of internal control
• Reduced costs – save time and reagents
The QuantiFast Multiplex PCR and RT-PCR kits are optimized for reliable amplification of many different templates despite a high variability in abundance. Thus they enable successful amplification of multiple targets on the first attempt without optimization.
This webinar explains the principles of the QIAGEN multiplex technologies and shows data demonstrating the exceptional multiplex real-time PCR performance of the QuantiFast Multiplex kits.
Overcome the challenges of Nucleic acid isolation from PCR inhibitor-rich mic...QIAGEN
This presentation will focus on nucleic acid extraction tools developed by QIAGEN that facilitate accurate non-biased community analysis and eliminate common amplification problems via the depletion of endogenous polymerase inhibitors using our patented Inhibitor Removal Technology.
RotorGene Q A Rapid, Automatable real-time PCR Instrument for Genotyping and...QIAGEN
QIAGEN has developed a selection of robust, novel chemistries to prevent PCR crosstalk. We can successfully measure target abundance and fold change in real-time assays, and perform sub-genotyping using a fast, high-throughput and powerful High-Resolution Melting (HRM) statistical analysis program. In this presentation, we will demonstrate these features and benefits with examples.
Reproducibility, Quality Control and Importance of AutomationQIAGEN
In this webinar, we will introduce you to the key sample quality parameters, discuss their respective impact on downstream applications and how to monitor them, and present the advantages of automating quality control along complex workflows.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. 2 Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016
Total RNA discovery with RT2
and
miScript PCR Arrays
Explore the RNA universe
Whatever your destination within the RNA universe, QIAGEN will help you get there. The
miRNeasy kits deliver pure, high-quality total RNA from a broad range of samples. The RT2
and
miScript PCR arrays are a complete solution both for focused analysis of gene and microRNA
expression and for validation of microarray and RNA sequencing experiments. Together with the
powerful analytics tools of GeneGlobe®
and QIAGEN Ingenuity®
Pathway Analysis, these products
give you a smooth path from your sample to high-quality results.
From one sample – the whole range of RNA results
With our workflow (Figure 1), you can take any single sample and discover the secrets of the
messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). Whether
you’re studying serum or plasma samples, FFPE tissues, cultured cell lines or exosomes, the kits are
optimized to provide excellent results – even with limited amounts of sample.
Figure 1. From any sample to pathway insights – the total RNA workflow from QIAGEN.
miScript II
RT Kit
miRNeasy
Kit
RT2
First
Strand
cDNA
miScript
PreAmp
PCR Kit
RT2
PreAmp
cDNA
Synthesis
Kit
miScript
miRNA
PCR Array
RT2
Profiler/
lncRNA
PCR Array
QIAGEN
Ingenuity
Pathway
Analysis
GeneGlobe
Data
Analysis
Center
RT reaction
Optional
preamplification
for low sample
inputs
PCR array
Sample type
Serum or
plasma
FFPE tissues
Cell lines
Exosomes
miRNA
Isolation Analytics
mRNA
lncRNA
3. Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016 3
Laboratory-validated real-time PCR-based RNA quantification
and verification
Real-time PCR provides flexibility and speed for time-critical assays. It is universally recognized as
the best means of quantifying and verifying the contents of both annotated and novel mRNA,
miRNA and lncRNA. Its success relies on having the right technology to give:
• Sensitivity – assays designed to efficiently detect and quantify even the rarest target
• Specificity – on-target amplification from each single assay to the full array
• Dynamic range – reliable with large or small input volumes, robust or rare targets, one assay
or thousands
QIAGEN is a world-renowned supplier of sensitive, specific and dynamic, laboratory-verified PCR-
based solutions that address all the requirements of RNA profiling work.
Start the easy way – with miRNeasy
and exoRNeasy
Get total RNA from every sample
Our miRNeasy Kits isolate pure, high-quality total RNA, including mRNA,
miRNA and lncRNA, from cells, easy- and difficult-to-lyse tissues, FFPE
samples and all biofluids including serum, plasma, CSF, urine and cell
culture media.
These kits enable efficient enrichment of RNA down to approximately
18 nt in size, even when low amounts of starting material are used. This
versatility and quality is achieved thanks to phenol/guanidine-based lysis
of samples followed by silica membrane-based purification (Figure 2).
The power of miRNeasy lysis
The QIAzol®
Lysis Reagent included in the kit is a monophasic solution of
phenol and guanidine thiocyanate. It is designed to facilitate tissue lysis,
inhibit RNases and remove most of the cellular DNA and proteins from
the lysate by organic extraction.
Figure 2. The miRNeasy workflow.
Cells/tissue
miRNeasy Mini Procedure
Bind total RNA
including small RNA
Wash
Elute
Total RNA including small RNAs
Lyse and
homogenize
Add chloroform
and shake
Separate phases
Add ethanol to
aqueous phase
4. 4 Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016
High-purity RNA from FFPE tissues
The crosslinking and fragmentation that occurs during the FFPE process can make purification
of nucleic acids challenging. The miRNeasy FFPE Kit provides special lysis and incubation
conditions to reverse formalin crosslinking of RNA, giving efficient purification without further
degradation. To remove even trace amounts of DNA, which can impair RT-PCR, the RNA is treated
with both DNase and DNase Booster Buffer.
Circulating miRNA purification from serum or plasma
With their potential to serve as biomarkers for the detection of cancers and other diseases,
circulating miRNA are desirable assay targets. The miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit enables total RNA
purification from even very small sample volumes. The miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Spike-In Control
supports normalization when working with such samples.
What about exosomes?
Exosomes also have considerable potential in the study of cancers and other diseases. Using
similar principles of purification of total RNA, we developed the exoRNeasy Serum/Plasma Maxi
Kit, which provides microvesicle isolation in just 20 minutes (Figure 3). A subsequent 35-minute
isolation procedure yields total RNA from these extracellular vesicles. Just one hour from sample
to microvesicle RNA means you can spend less time getting the RNA and more time deciphering
what it means.
Figure 3. The exoRNeasy
Serum/Plasma Maxi Kit
workflow.
Spin blood
Transfer
plasma/serum
Recover aqueous
phase and add
ethanol
Bind total RNA
including miRNAs
Wash 3x
Elute
Total RNA
including miRNAs
Add chloroform
to QIAzol eluate
Mix sample with
Buffer XBP and
bind to column
Wash bound
exosomes with
Buffer XWP
Lyse vesicles and
elute with QIAzol
Filtered
plasma/serum
Filter
5. Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016 5
Profiling coding and noncoding
RNAs by pathway disease
Unlock the secrets of the transcriptome
RT2
Profiler and RT2
lncRNA PCR Arrays are highly reliable and sensi-
tive technologies for analyzing focused panels of genes to discover their
roles in signal transduction, biological processes or disease pathways.
They use a straightforward workflow based on RT-PCR (Figure 4) and can
identify basal and up- or downregulated expression of genes (Figure 5).
Each PCR Array contains a list of pathway-focused genes along with 5
housekeeping (reference) genes. In addition, they contain a panel of
patented controls to monitor genomic DNA contamination, strand cDNA
synthesis and real-time PCR efficiency.
Why use RT2
Profiler and lncRNA PCR Arrays?
• Content: Select from over 180 different pathways, diseases or bio-
logical processes and
perform routine gene expression analysis on any qPCR instrument
• Control: The integrated controls allow the comparison of results
results from start to finish for consistency
• Customization: Easily modify catalog arrays to fit your needs by
adding up to 4 genes to make a Modified RT2
PCR Array; or use
your gene list to make a full Custom RT2
PCR Array
From screening canonical pathways to validation of RNA sequencing –
there is always the right RT2
PCR Array for you!
p value
Fold difference (log2
)
10–9
10–8
10–7
10–6
10–5
10–4
10–3
10–2
10–1
100
–7 –5 –3 –1 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
IL1A
IL1B
TNFSF13B
IFNA5
IL1F7
BMP3
BMP6
TNFSF14
TNFRSPSF11B
PDGFA
LTA
CSF1
TNF
IL10
TNFSF10
TGFB2
TNFSF11
IL5
IL11
IFNG CSF2
IL21
IL9
IL13
IL17
IL22
IL2
IL3
Figure 5. The Common Cytokine RT2
Profiler PCR Array
identifies 23 upregulated and 6 downregulated genes
following PBMC stimulation. Total RNA samples from human
peripheral blood mononuclear cells (either untreated or
stimulated with 50 ng/ml PMA and 1 mg/ml ionomycin for
6 hours) were characterized in triplicate using the human
Common Cytokine RT2
Profiler PCR Array. Results show
upregulation of 23 genes (5-fold, p0.0005) including
interleukins, colony-stimulating factors and TNF ligands and
downregulation of 6 interleukin and TNF ligand genes.
Figure 4. The workflow for the RT2
PCR Arrays.
Data analysis
Run in your real-time
PCR instrument
Convert total RNA to cDNA
RNA from research samples
Add cDNA to RT2
SYBR®
Green qPCR Mastermix
Aliquot mixture across RT2
Profile PCR Array
Run using qPCR instrument
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
1
Fold change ratio [log2]
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4-4
p-Value for fold change
Breast tumor
1
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
110-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
Normal breast
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
Cycle number
Delta Rn
1.E-003
1.E-002
1.E-001
1.E-000
1.E+001
0
6. 6 Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016
RT2
PCR Array plate layouts and controls
Patented Controls standardize qPCR performance
Multiple reference or housekeeping genes (RF or HK) and patented controls (US patent #8,597,938)
are a feature of every catalog RT2
PCR Array (Figures 6 and 7). The inclusion of multiple reference
genes enables researchers to choose the best way to normalize their qPCR experiments.
Figure 6. Key to the controls in the RT2
PCR Array plates. The genomic DNA control (GDC) assay is a sensitive assay that detects
the presence of genomic DNA. The reverse transcription control (RTC) assay detects an artificial RNA template provided with
the RT2 First Strand Kit. The positive PCR controls (PPC) monitor for PCR inhibitors. During data analysis, the online software
monitors ratios between the PPC and RTC to calculate the reverse transcription efficiency. The software also looks at both
variability in a single sample and across samples by monitoring the reproducibility of the RTC and PPC assays.
PPCPPCRTC PPCRTCRTCGDCRFRFRFRFRF
848382818079787776757473
727170696867666564636261
605958575655545352515049
484746454443424140393837
363534333231302928272625
242322212019181716151413
121110090807060504030201
Reference gen
Genomic DNA
Reverse transc
Positive PCR c
Catalog High-content RT2
PCR Array plate layout
for 384-well qPCR instruments.
1 sample per plate = 384 qPCR assays per sample
Catalog RT2
PCR Array plate layout for
96-well qPCR instruments.
1 sample per plate = 96 qPCR assays per sample
Catalog RT2
PCR Array plate layout for
384-well qPCR instruments.
4 samples per plate = 96 qPCR assays per sample
Catalog RT2
PCR Array plate layout for
100-well rotary qPCR instruments.
1 sample per plate = 96 qPCR assays per sample
PPCPPCRTC PPCRTCRTCGDCHK5HK4HK3HK2HK1
848382818079787776757473
727170696867666564636261
605958575655545352515049
484746454443424140393837
363534333231302928272625
242322212019181716151413
121110090807060504030201
Housekeeping genes
Genomic DNA control
Reverse transcription controls
Positive PCR controls
Gene-specific assays
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
2423222120191817161514131211101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
12121111101009090808070706060501 01 02 02 03 03 04 04 05
12121111101009090808070706060501 01 02 02 03 03 04 04 05
24242323222221212020191918181713 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17
24242323222221212020191918181713 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17
36363535343433333232313130302925 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29
36363535343433333232313130302925 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29
48484747464645454444434342424137 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41
48484747464645454444434342424137 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41
60605959585857575656555554545349 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53
60605959585857575656555554545349 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53
72727171707069696868676766666561 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65
72727171707069696868676766666561 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65
84848383828281818080797978787773 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77
84848383828281818080797978787773 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77
PPCPPCPPCPPCPPCPPCRTCRTCRTCRTCRTCRTCGDCGDCRFGRFG RFG RFG RFG RFG RFG RFG RFG RFG
PPCPPCPPCPPCPPCPPCRTCRTCRTCRTCRTCRTCGDCGDCRFGRFG RFG RFG RFG RFG RFG RFG RFG RFG
Reference genes Genomic DNA control
Reverse transcription controls Positive PCR controls
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
2423222120191817161514131211101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
24232221201918171615141312111001 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
48474645444342414039383736353425 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
72717069686766656463626160595849 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
96959493929190898887868584838273 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
12011911811711611511411311211111010910810710697 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
144143142141140139138137136135134133132131130121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
168167166165164163162161160159158157156155154145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153
192191190189188187186185184183182181180179178169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177
216215214213212211210209208207206205204203202193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201
240239238237236235234233232231230229228227226217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225
265264263262261260259258257256255254253251250241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249
288287286285284283282281280279278277276275274265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273
312311310309308307306305304303302301300299298289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297
336335334333332331330329328327326325324323322313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321
360359358357356355354353352351350349348347346337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345
PPCPPCRTCRTCGDCRef5Ref3 Ref4Ref2Ref1374373372371370361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369
Reference genes Genomic DNA control
Reverse transcription controls Positive PCR controls
Figure 7. 96- and and 384-well plate and 100-well ring layouts. The key to the controls is in Figure 6.
PPC
RTC
RF
GDC
Empty
Well 1
Postive PCR control
Reverse transcription
control
Genomic DNA control
Reference genes
7. Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016 7
miRNA expression profiling using miScript miRNA
PCR Arrays
miScript miRNA PCR Arrays are mature miRNA-specific forward primers
that have been arrayed in miRNome and biologically relevant, pathway-
focused panels (Table 1). These PCR arrays are provided in ready-to-use,
96- and 384-well plate and 100-well Rotor-Disc®
formats. miScript miRNA
PCR Arrays are available for various species, provide guaranteed
high performance and are fully customizable. Each array contains
controls that allow monitoring of the complete experiment from sample
preparation to data analysis, including data normalization controls,
reverse transcription controls and PCR controls. Every assay in a miScript
miRNA PCR Array has been bench validated to ensure sensitive and
specific detection of mature miRNA via real-time PCR.
A straightforward, rapid workflow
miRNA expression profiling with miScript miRNA PCR Arrays is simple
and robust (Figure 8). cDNA preparation with the miScript II RT Kit using
miScript HiSpec Bufferis followed by the addition of a premix of cDNA,
miScript Universal Primer, QuantiTect®
SYBR Green PCR Master Mix and
RNase-free water to a miScript miRNA PCR Array. The reaction is run in
a real-time PCR cycler and data analysis is performed using the miScript
miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Tool.
1. Convert miRNA to cDNA in a one-step, single-tube
reverse transcription reaction.
RNA sample 1 RNA sample 2
5'
5'
3'
3'
(A)n
AAAAA
miRNA
Poly(A) tail
Polyadenylation
5' 3'
AAAAA
TTTTTT
Universal RT primer
Reverse
transcription
2. Combine cDNA with QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR
Mastermix, miScript Universal Primer, and water.
Aliquot mixture across miScript miRNA PCR Array.
qPCR using miScript
Primer Assay and
miScript Universal Primer
5' 3'
TTTTTTFirst strand cDNA
cDNA
Single-tube reaction
Sample 1
Sample 2
1
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
110-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
3. Run in real-time PCR cycler.
miScript Primer Assay
miScript Universal Primer
(A)n
TTTTTT
5' 3'
4. Analyze data.
Array Species
Complete miRNome Human, mouse, rat, dog, rhesus macaque
miFinder Human, mouse, rat, dog, rhesus macaque
Brain Cancer Human, mouse, rat
Breast Cancer Human, mouse, rat
Cancer PathwayFinder Human, mouse, rat
Cell Differentiation Development Human, mouse, rat
Immunopathology Human, mouse, rat
Inflammatory Response Autoimmunity Human, mouse, rat
Neurological Development Disease Human, mouse, rat
Ovarian Cancer Human, mouse, rat
Serum Plasma Human, mouse, rat
Custom Array Human, mouse, rat, dog, rhesus
macaque, and other species
Table 1. The available miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
Figure 8. The workflow for the miScript miRNA PCR Arrays.
8. 8 Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016
PCR Arrays by Application
Research area Apoptosis research Biomarker research Cancer research Cell cycle research
Array type Process, pathway or cell type for analysis
RT2
Profiler PCR Arrays
Apoptosis Alzheimer’s disease Angiogenesis Apoptosis
Autophagy Angiogenesis Apoptosis Autophagy
Cancer pathways
Breast cancer and estrogen
receptor signaling
Breast cancer and estrogen
receptor signaling
Cancer pathways
Cell cycle Cancer pathways
Cancer drug resistance and
metabolism
Cell cycle
DNA damage signaling
pathway
Cell surface markers Cancer pathways
DNA damage signaling
pathway
DNA repair
Dendritic and antigen
presenting cell
Cell cycle DNA repair
Endothelial cell biology
Epigenetic chromatin modifica-
tion enzymes
DNA Damage Signaling
Pathway
Epithelial to mesenchymal
transition (EMT)
Heat shock proteins
Epigenetic chromatin remodel-
ing factors
EGF/PDGF signaling pathway MAP kinase signaling pathway
NFκB signaling pathway
Epithelial to mesenchymal
transition (EMT)
Epithelial to mesenchymal
transition (EMT)
mTOR signaling
Oxidative stress and
antioxidant defense
Extracellular matrix and
adhesion molecules
MAP kinase signaling pathway
Neurogenesis and neural
stem cell
p53 signaling pathway Glucose metabolism p53 Signaling Pathway NFκB Signaling Pathway
PI3K-AKT signaling pathway
Hematopoietic stem cells and
hematopoiesis
PI3K-AKT signaling pathway p53 signaling pathway
RT2
lncRNA PCR Array
Apoptosis lncRNAs lncRNA biomarkers Cancer lncRNAs Cell cycle regulatory lncRNAs
miScript miRNA PCR Array
Apoptosis Serum plasma Tumor suppressor Cell cycle regulatory miRNAs
Common miRNAs Tumor suppressor Cancer stem cells
Cell differentiation
development
Tumor suppressor
Inflammatory response
autoimmunity
Cancer regulatory miRNAs Tumor suppressor miRNAs
miRNome miRBase version 21
9. Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016 9
Inflammation research ECM/adhesion research Neuroscience research
Signal transduction
research
Stem cell
research
Toxicology/drug
ADME research
Process, pathway or cell type for analysis
Chemokines and
receptors
Angiogenic growth
factors and
angiogenesis inhibitors
Alzheimer’s disease
cAMP/Ca2+
signaling
pathways
Adipogenesis
Cancer drug resistance
and metabolism
Common cytokines Atherosclerosis Apoptosis
EGF/PDGF Signaling
pathway
Dendritic and antigen-
presenting cell
Cancer pathways
Inflammasomes
Chemokines and
receptors
Autophagy
G protein-coupled
receptors
Embryonic stem cells Cardiotoxicity
Inflammatory cytokines
and receptors
Common cytokine Drug transporters GPCR signaling pathways
Hedgehog signaling
pathway
Cell cycle
Inflammatory response
and autoimmunity
Embryonic stem cells Embryonic stem cells Heat shock proteins
Hematopoietic stem cells
and hematopoiesis
DNA damage signaling
pathway
Interferon α, β response Endothelial cell biology GPCR signaling pathways
Hedgehog signaling
pathway
Homeobox (HOX) genes Drug metabolism
Interferon and receptor
Extracellular matrix and
adhesion molecules
Heat shock proteins Insulin signaling pathway
Lipoprotein signaling and
cholesterol metabolism
Drug metabolism: phase I
enzymes
JAK/STAT signaling
pathway
Glycosylation
Hedgehog signaling
pathway
JAK/STAT signaling
pathway
Mesenchymal stem cell
Drug metabolism: phase
II enzymes
NFκB signaling pathway
MAP kinase signaling
pathway
Huntington’s disease
MAP kinase signaling
pathway
Neurogenesis and neural
stem cell
Drug transporters
T Cell energy and
immune tolerance
Mesenchymal stem cell
Hypoxia signaling
pathway
mTOR signaling
Neurotrophin and
receptors
GPCR signaling pathway
T-cell and B-cell
activation
NFκB signaling pathway Mesenchymal stem cell NFκB signaling pathway Notch signaling pathway Hepatoxicology
TGFβ BMP signaling
pathway
Osteogenesis
Neurogenesis and neural
stem cell
Nuclear receptors and
coregulators
Osteogenesis
Lipoprotein signaling and
cholesterol metabolism
Inflammation response
lncRNAs
ECM adhesion
lncRNAs
Neuroscience lncRNAs
Signal transduction
lncRNAs
Development
differentiation lncRNAs
Common lncRNA
biomarkers
T-cell B-cell activation Fibrosis
Neurological develop-
ment disease
Hypoxia signaling Stem cells Serum plasma
Immunopathology
Cell differentiation
development
Neuropathic inflamma-
tory pain
Common miRNAs
Cell differentiation
development
Liver miRNAs
Inflammatory response
autoimmunity
Apoptosis Serum plasma Apoptosis Cancer stem cells Cardiovascular miRNAs
miRNome miRBase version 21
10. 10 Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016
Control Purpose
C. elegans miR-39 miScript Primer Assay (Ce) Alternative data normalization using
exogenously spiked Syn-cel-miR-39
miScript miRNA Mimic
6 snoRNA/snRNA Primer Assays (miScript
PCR Controls; SN1–6)
Data normalization using the ∆∆CT
method of relative quantification
miRNA reverse transcription control (miRTC) Assessment of reverse transcription
performance
Positive PCR control (PPC) Assessment of PCR performance
Table 2. The controls for qPCR performance in the miScript miRNA PCR Array plates
C. elegans miR-39
miScript Primer Assay
snoRNA/snRNA
miScript PCR Controls
Reverse transcription controls
Positive PCR controls
Gene-specific assays
PPCPPCmiRTC miRTCSN6SN5SN4SN3SN2SN1CeCe
848382818079787776757473
727170696867666564636261
605958575655545352515049
484746454443424140393837
363534333231302928272625
242322212019181716151413
121110090807060504030201
Figure 9. The layouts of the miScript miRNA PCR Array plates:
the 100-well ring; 96-well plate, and 384-well plates set up
for four samples or 1 sample. Control key in Figure 10.
Figure 10. Key to the controls for qPCR performance in the miScript miRNA PCR Array plates.
Data normalization controls include 6 miScript PCR Controls (SN1–6) and a spike-in control
for monitoring microRNA isolation (C. elegans miR-39; Ce). The Ce assay detects the
Syn-cel-miR-39 miScript miRNA Mimic. The reverse transcription control (miRTC) assay
detects an artificial RNA template provided with the arrays. The positive PCR controls (PPC)
monitor for PCR inhibitors.
PPC
miRTC
snoRNA
miRNA
C. elegans
Empty
Well 1
Postive PCR control
miRTC miScript Primer Assay
miScript Primer Assays
C. elegans miScript Primer Assay
snoRNA miScript PCR Controls
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
2423222120191817161514131211101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
12121111101009090808070706060501 01 02 02 03 03 04 04 05
12121111101009090808070706060501 01 02 02 03 03 04 04 05
24242323222221212020191918181713 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17
24242323222221212020191918181713 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17
36363535343433333232313130302925 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29
36363535343433333232313130302925 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29
48484747464645454444434342424137 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41
48484747464645454444434342424137 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41
60605959585857575656555554545349 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53
60605959585857575656555554545349 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53
72727171707069696868676766666561 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65
72727171707069696868676766666561 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65
84848383828281818080797978787773 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77
84848383828281818080797978787773 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77
PPCPPCPPCPPCmiRTCmiRTCmiRTCmiRTCSN6SN6SN5SN5SN4SN4SN3Ce Ce Ce Ce SN1 SN1 SN2 SN2 SN3
PPCPPCPPCPPCmiRTCmiRTCmiRTCmiRTCSN6SN6SN5SN5SN4SN4SN3Ce Ce Ce Ce SN1 SN1 SN2 SN2 SN3
Reference genes Genomic DNA control
Reverse transcription controls Positive PCR controls
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
2423222120191817161514131211101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
24232221201918171615141312111001 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
48474645444342414039383736353425 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
72717069686766656463626160595849 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
96959493929190898887868584838273 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
12011911811711611511411311211111010910810710697 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
144143142141140139138137136135134133132131130121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
168167166165164163162161160159158157156155154145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153
192191190189188187186185184183182181180179178169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177
216215214213212211210209208207206205204203202193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201
240239238237236235234233232231230229228227226217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225
265264263262261260259258257256255254253251250241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249
288287286285284283282281280279278277276275274265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273
312311310309308307306305304303302301300299298289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297
336335334333332331330329328327326325324323322313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321
360359358357356355354353352351350349348347346337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345
PPCPPCmiRTCmiRTCSN6SN5SN3 SN4SN2SN1CeCe372371370361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369
Reference genes Genomic DNA control
Reverse transcription controls Positive PCR controls
C. elegans miR-39
miScript Primer Assay
snoRNA/snRNA
miScript PCR Controls
Reverse transcription controls
Positive PCR controls
Gene-specific assays
PPCPPCmiRTC miRTCSN6SN5SN4SN3SN2SN1CeCe
848382818079787776757473
727170696867666564636261
605958575655545352515049
484746454443424140393837
363534333231302928272625
242322212019181716151413
121110090807060504030201
Discover biomarkers in serum or plasma
The range of pathway-focused miScript miRNA PCR Arrays is continually
expanding to enable new discoveries about the roles of miRNAs in biological
processes. Content is selected using our proprietary methodology, which
ensures that the arrays are up-to-date and biologically relevant.
One of the most exciting areas of current miRNA research involves the
assessment of miRNAs present in serum or plasma samples. The relatively
stable, extracellular miRNAs in serum and plasma have great potential
as biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Some could find use in liquid
biopsies – a minimally invasive way of assessing disease states.
The Serum Plasma miScript miRNA PCR Array has been developed to
enable rapid profiling of the 84 most relevant disease-associated miRNAs
in serum and plasma, supporting liquid biopsy research.
miScript miRNA PCR Array layout
Our arrays contain miScript Primer Assays for 84 to 372 miRNAs along
with controls for data normalization, reverse transcription and PCR.
The formats are shown in Figure 9. The key to the controls is shown in
Figure 10 with additional details in Table 2.
11. Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016 11
PPC0401 0203RTCGDCHK5HK4HK3HK2HK1
848382818079787776757473
727170696867666564636261
605958575655545352515049
484746454443424140393837
363534333231302928272625
242322212019181716151413
121110090807060504030201
Housekee
Genomic
Reverse tr
Positive PC
Gene-spec
Modified and Custom PCR Arrays
Modified PCR Arrays
Add any 4 genes back to a cataloged array to instantly create an
affordable and unique solution for your research. This is an excellent tool
for scaling up your single gene experiments to a pathway, or to verify
the role of your favorite genes in a biological process. These arrays are
available for RT2
Profiler and RT2
lncRNA PCR Arrays.
Custom RT2
and miScript PCR Arrays
Custom RT2
and miScript PCR Arrays employ a high-throughput approach
for profiling the expression of genes of interest. Choose any miRNA
or combine mRNA and lncRNA genes from the supported species and
chose from several different plate layouts (Figures 11 and 12). Whether
your interests are in biomarker discovery, drug development, disease
characterization, signal transduction or RNA-seq and microarray
followup, the Custom RT2
and miScript PCR Arrays enable superior qPCR
performance without the need for primer validation or optimization.
Each qPCR assay used in a custom array goes through the same
laboratory-verification process as our standard catalog arrays.
Custom RT2
and miScript PCR Array are delivered within 3 weeks of
ordering and are available in 96- and 384-well plates and 100-ring disc
formats suitable for QIAGEN Rotor-Gene®
Q instruments.
Start building your arrays today at qiagen.com/myPCRarray.
Figure 11. The layouts of Custom RT2
PCR Array plates.
96-well format
PPCPPCmiRTC miRTCSN6SN5SN4SN3SN2SN1CeCe
848382818079787776757473
727170696867666564636261
605958575655545352515049
484746454443424140393837
363534333231302928272625
242322212019181716151413
121110090807060504030201
12 genes – 8 samples/plate
24 genes – 4 samples/plate
12 genes – 3 samples/plate
48 genes – 2 samples/plate
PPCPPCmiRTC miRTCSN6SN5SN4SN3SN2SN1CeCe
848382818079787776757473
727170696867666564636261
605958575655545352515049
484746454443424140393837
363534333231302928272625
242322212019181716151413
121110090807060504030201
96 genes – 1 sample/plate
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
2423222120191817161514131211101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
16 genes – 24 samples/plate
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
2423222120191817161514131211101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
32 genes – 12 samples/plate
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
2423222120191817161514131211101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
48 genes – 8 samples/plate
96 genes – 4 samples/plate
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
2423222120191817161514131211101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
384 genes – 1 sample/plate
384-well format
Figure 12. The layouts of the Custom RT2
PCR Array Ring.
100-well disc format
12 genes – 8 samples/plate 96 genes – 1 sample/plate
12. 12 Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016
Full support for data analysis
GeneGlobe RT2
and miScript PCR Array Data
Analysis Center
This integrated web-based software package for the RT2
and miScript
PCR Array systems automatically performs all ∆∆CT
-based fold-change
calculations from your uploaded raw data. Simply providing the array
catalog number(s) annotates the results to the correct gene list.
The web portal delivers results not only in a tabular format but also
scatter, volcano, cluster-gram and multi-group plots (Figure 13). Perform
any pair-wise comparison between groups of experimental replicates
by defining your own fold-change and statistical significance thresholds,
or compare all of the groups side-by-side. The web portal also helps to
correctly interpret genomic DNA, reverse transcription efficiency and
positive PCR control well data.
Make your pathway-focused gene expression analysis quick and
painless with by using the GeneGlobe Data Analysis Portal:
• Simple: Just upload your data and define your parameters
• Convenient: No downloading or installation required
• Publication-ready: Export all results as free Excel®
files or
.png image files
Instructions
1. Upload your data in a simple Excel file format.
2. Define your experimental groups and replicates.
3. Select your normalization genes or have them automatically selected
for you.
4. Export your data analysis results and graphs.
Test it with a pre-loaded sample data set at qiagen.com/geneglobe/
dataanalysis.
Figure 13. Example output plots from the GeneGlobe Data
Analysis Center. A The volcano plot shows the fold change
and statistical significance of gene expression changes.
Relevent gene expression changes can be ranked by the
p-value allowing researchers to follow-up on highly
consistent fold change values. This becomes very important
when trying to determine if genes with small fold changes
are relevent for future experiments. B The scatter plot
indicated the fold difference of gene expression changes.
Two samples can quickly be compared using this plot.
p value
Fold difference (log2
)
10–9
10–8
10–7
10–6
10–5
10–4
10–3
10–2
10–1
100
–7 –5 –3 –1 1 3 5 7
Breast tumor
Normal breast
101
101
100
10–1
10–2
10–3
10–4
10–5
100
10–1
10–4
10–3
10–2
10–5
13. Technical Guide to QIAGEN PCR Arrays 06/2016 13
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