Tear strength testing by Elmendorf's tear tester
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
4 likes•4,810 views
An experimental sample about tear strength testing of a fabric by Elmendorf's Tear Tester. This will helpful for the Textile Engineering student to know the measuring process of tear strength of a fabric.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Presentation on single jersey fabrics
1) Plain single jersey is a basic weft knitted fabric where the front side has face loops forming a "V" shape and the back side has back loops forming semi-circles.
2) It is produced using a plain circular latch needle machine with one set of needles knitting at each feed to form a single loop per course.
3) Single jersey fabric is lightweight, comfortable, and inexpensive to produce, making it widely used for apparel and other applications. Variations can be made by modifying the knitting order.
Moisture regain and moisture content
Moisture regain and moisture content are measures of a textile's ability to absorb moisture, expressed as a percentage. Moisture regain is defined as the percentage of water present in an oven-dried textile sample after it reaches equilibrium in a standard testing environment. Moisture content is defined as the percentage of water present in the total weight of a textile sample. The chemical composition and physical structure of different textile materials determine their moisture absorption properties and resulting moisture regain and content percentages.
Types of Knitted Fabric
This document discusses different types of knit fabrics. There are four main types of fabric: knitted, woven, non-woven, and braided. Knitted fabrics are made by interlocking loops of yarn and can be made with one or more yarns. Common knitted fabrics include jersey, rib, interlock, and purl fabrics. Double jersey fabric uses two needles and looks the same on both sides, while single jersey uses one needle and has different appearances on each side. Weft knits are made horizontally with one yarn, while warp knits use multiple yarns looped vertically. Common weft knits include jersey, rib, double knit and pique
Calendering
Calendering is a process used to upgrade fabric handle and impart a smooth, silky touch. There are several types of calenders that produce different effects. The 7 bowl calender passes fabric between heated iron bowls and cotton bowls to compress, reduce thickness, and improve opacity and luster. Friction and Schreiner calenders use heated, engraved steel bowls to polish fabrics. Chasing and swizzing calenders overlap fabric layers to produce textured finishes. Felt calenders dry and finish fabrics using an endless felt blanket around a heated cylinder. Calendering effects depend on factors like moisture, bowl composition and arrangement, and pressure.
Fabric stiffness tester
This document describes Abdullah Al Mahfuj's profile and a presentation on measuring fabric stiffness. It introduces stiffness as a fabric property related to its ability to stand without support. The Shirley stiffness tester is described as an instrument used to measure fabric stiffness by determining the bending length of a fabric sample placed on an angled platform. The document provides specifications for the Shirley stiffness tester and describes the procedure to measure the bending length of cotton fabric samples in the warp and weft directions. The results show the bending length is 2.66 cm in the warp direction and 2.51 cm in the weft direction.
Textile testing & quality control
Testing is the process or procedure to determines the quality of a product.The testing of textile products is an expensive business. A textile commercial laboratory has to be set up and furnished with a range of test equipment.Textile Testing & Quality Control (TTQC) is very important work or process in each department of export oriented industry. Buyers want quality but not quantity. In every department of textile industry quality maintained of each material, because one material’s quality depend on another’s quality. For example, if qualified fiber is inputted then output will be good yarn.
Sizing
Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during weaving.
Sizing is the most important operation in preparing warp yarn for weaving especially with cotton yarn. The smallest error in sizing process may be very harmful. This may increase warp breakage rate on the looms and consequently reduce weaving production and quality. Therefore sizing is termed as the “Heart of Weaving”.
Yarn Manufacturing
Textile yarn manufacturing involves several key steps. Fibers are first opened and cleaned through blowroom and carding processes. Drawing further arranges fibers into parallel strands called slivers. Roving attenuates slivers and adds twist. Ring frames then spin roving into yarn using drafts and twist. Combing upgrades raw materials by removing short fibers. The processes work to arrange, draft, and twist fibers into consistent yarns for weaving or other uses.
Recommended
Presentation on single jersey fabrics
1) Plain single jersey is a basic weft knitted fabric where the front side has face loops forming a "V" shape and the back side has back loops forming semi-circles.
2) It is produced using a plain circular latch needle machine with one set of needles knitting at each feed to form a single loop per course.
3) Single jersey fabric is lightweight, comfortable, and inexpensive to produce, making it widely used for apparel and other applications. Variations can be made by modifying the knitting order.
Moisture regain and moisture content
Moisture regain and moisture content are measures of a textile's ability to absorb moisture, expressed as a percentage. Moisture regain is defined as the percentage of water present in an oven-dried textile sample after it reaches equilibrium in a standard testing environment. Moisture content is defined as the percentage of water present in the total weight of a textile sample. The chemical composition and physical structure of different textile materials determine their moisture absorption properties and resulting moisture regain and content percentages.
Types of Knitted Fabric
This document discusses different types of knit fabrics. There are four main types of fabric: knitted, woven, non-woven, and braided. Knitted fabrics are made by interlocking loops of yarn and can be made with one or more yarns. Common knitted fabrics include jersey, rib, interlock, and purl fabrics. Double jersey fabric uses two needles and looks the same on both sides, while single jersey uses one needle and has different appearances on each side. Weft knits are made horizontally with one yarn, while warp knits use multiple yarns looped vertically. Common weft knits include jersey, rib, double knit and pique
Calendering
Calendering is a process used to upgrade fabric handle and impart a smooth, silky touch. There are several types of calenders that produce different effects. The 7 bowl calender passes fabric between heated iron bowls and cotton bowls to compress, reduce thickness, and improve opacity and luster. Friction and Schreiner calenders use heated, engraved steel bowls to polish fabrics. Chasing and swizzing calenders overlap fabric layers to produce textured finishes. Felt calenders dry and finish fabrics using an endless felt blanket around a heated cylinder. Calendering effects depend on factors like moisture, bowl composition and arrangement, and pressure.
Fabric stiffness tester
This document describes Abdullah Al Mahfuj's profile and a presentation on measuring fabric stiffness. It introduces stiffness as a fabric property related to its ability to stand without support. The Shirley stiffness tester is described as an instrument used to measure fabric stiffness by determining the bending length of a fabric sample placed on an angled platform. The document provides specifications for the Shirley stiffness tester and describes the procedure to measure the bending length of cotton fabric samples in the warp and weft directions. The results show the bending length is 2.66 cm in the warp direction and 2.51 cm in the weft direction.
Textile testing & quality control
Testing is the process or procedure to determines the quality of a product.The testing of textile products is an expensive business. A textile commercial laboratory has to be set up and furnished with a range of test equipment.Textile Testing & Quality Control (TTQC) is very important work or process in each department of export oriented industry. Buyers want quality but not quantity. In every department of textile industry quality maintained of each material, because one material’s quality depend on another’s quality. For example, if qualified fiber is inputted then output will be good yarn.
Sizing
Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during weaving.
Sizing is the most important operation in preparing warp yarn for weaving especially with cotton yarn. The smallest error in sizing process may be very harmful. This may increase warp breakage rate on the looms and consequently reduce weaving production and quality. Therefore sizing is termed as the “Heart of Weaving”.
Yarn Manufacturing
Textile yarn manufacturing involves several key steps. Fibers are first opened and cleaned through blowroom and carding processes. Drawing further arranges fibers into parallel strands called slivers. Roving attenuates slivers and adds twist. Ring frames then spin roving into yarn using drafts and twist. Combing upgrades raw materials by removing short fibers. The processes work to arrange, draft, and twist fibers into consistent yarns for weaving or other uses.
Textile Testing
This document discusses the importance and scope of fabric testing. It begins by explaining that textile fabrics are manufactured for different end uses, each with different performance requirements. Fabric testing plays a crucial role in assessing product quality, regulatory compliance, and performance. The document then discusses how fabric testing has expanded in scope due to increasing globalization and demands from consumers. It provides examples of different types of fabric tests, including physical, chemical, and performance tests. The document emphasizes that an understanding of fabric testing is important for various textile industry professionals to make informed decisions. In summary, the document outlines the wide-ranging role of fabric testing in evaluating textiles and ensuring they meet requirements for different applications.
Fabric Quality Parameters Tested in Quality Control Lab - Textile Testing & Q...
Fabric Quality Parameters Tested in Quality Control Lab - Textile Testing & Quality Control
Department:Textile Engineering & Management
BUFT
PRESENTED BY : Mazedin Reza
KNITTING - Rib structure
Rib structure is the second family of knit structures where wales of face stitches and back stitches are knitted alternatively on each side of the fabric. Rib fabrics are produced on machines with two sets of offset needles. The 1x1 rib structure has perfectly balanced stitches with high elastic recovery in the width direction. The 2x2 rib structure has 2 technical face loops and 2 back loops per repeat, making it popular for cuffs and waistbands. Rib fabrics have the same appearance on both sides with moderate lengthwise and very high widthwise extensibility, thickness, and no tendency to curl.
Weft Knitting
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
Desizing
1. Desizing is done to remove sizing agents like starch that were applied to warp yarns during weaving to facilitate the weaving process.
2. There are several methods of desizing including enzymatic, acid, and oxidative methods. Enzymatic desizing uses enzymes like amylase to break down starch into soluble sugars.
3. Proper control of factors like temperature, pH, and fabric speed are important for effective desizing when using the enzymatic method.
Yarn twist
The document discusses yarn twist, which is the spiral arrangement of fibers that binds them together and contributes to yarn strength. It defines twist, describes different types of twist including real and false twist. It also discusses factors that affect twist, methods of measuring and expressing twist, and the effects of twist on yarn and fabric properties such as handle, moisture absorption, and wearing properties. High twist results in a harder handle, better abrasion resistance, and lower moisture absorption, while low twist produces a softer feel but weaker yarn.
Beetling & stiffening
This document discusses beetling and stiffening processes for linen and other fabrics. Beetling involves hammering linen with wooden blocks to flatten yarns and produce a smooth sheen. Stiffening involves applying polymeric coatings like starches, gums, or synthetic resins to fabrics to make them rigid. Natural agents for stiffening include starches, gums, and dextrins, while synthetic options are methyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate, acrylates, and polystyrene. The document explains the methods and advantages of various stiffening techniques.
Milling of wool
Milling is a process that felts wool fabrics to make them thicker, fuller, and more uniform. It involves treating wool fabrics with moisture, heat, and pressure in a milling machine. There are several types of milling depending on the chemicals used, such as alkaline milling using sodium carbonate, soap milling using soap solutions, and acid milling using diluted sulfuric acid. The objective is to felt the wool fibers together to condense and shrink the fabric while also making the weave less visible. Milling improves the strength, handle, and appearance of the wool fabric.
1. textile finishing (1)
The document summarizes various types of textile finishing processes. It discusses classifications of finishing based on the nature of finish, degree of permanence, and performance. It then provides examples and brief explanations of common finishing processes like optical finishing, compacting, calendaring, brushing, raising, napping, shearing, resin finish, softener treatment, water repellent finish, and anti-microbial finish. The objectives and mechanisms of different finishes are also outlined.
Stiffness(bending length) of Fabric and Test Method
This document summarizes a presentation on the stiffness of fabrics and test methods. It defines stiffness as the rigidity of a material to bend. Stiffness is an important fabric property that determines how well it holds its shape without support. Three common instruments for measuring stiffness are described: the Shirley stiffness tester, drape meter, and heart loop test. The Shirley stiffness tester specifically is explained as a fabric testing device that uses samples cut in warp and weft directions to measure the angle of bend and calculate average stiffness values. In conclusion, higher bending lengths correspond to greater fabric stiffness.
Nonwoven Presentation
This presentation provides an overview of non-woven fabrics. It discusses the history and increasing production of non-wovens in Europe and the US. The main methods for producing non-woven fabrics are dry laying, wet laying, and spun melt. Key bonding methods are adhesive bonding, thermal bonding, and mechanical entanglement. Non-wovens are used in various industries like agriculture, construction, automotive, medical, and more. The manufacturing process involves fiber preparation, web formation, bonding, drying, and finishing. Cotton and polypropylene are common fibers used for non-woven production.
Different Spinning Techniques
Spinning is the first steps of textile product processing. The process of making yarns from the textile fiber is called spinning. There are various types of spinning techniques for producing various types of yarn.
Mercerization
1. Mercerization is a finishing treatment for cotton that improves luster, hardness, and other properties by treating cotton with a strong alkaline solution.
2. It involves immersing cotton yarn or fabric under tension in a cold sodium hydroxide solution, then neutralizing it in acid. This causes swelling of the cotton fibers and increases their luster.
3. The ideal conditions for mercerization are a caustic concentration of 250-320 g/L at 18-20°C for 30-60 seconds, as this provides the best luster with minimal shrinkage.
Needle Loop & Sinker Loop
Needle loop refers to the upper part of the knitted loop formed by the needle drawing yarn. There are three main types of needles used. Sinker loop refers to the lower part that connects two adjacent needle loops in the same course.
Sinker is a thin metal plate that assists with loop formation, holding loops down, and pushing fabric forward between needle movements. It plays an important role in restricting loop movement and supporting the fabric.
Needle loop and sinker loop are the two vital components that make up each stitch in knitting and understanding the difference between them is important for knitting technology.
Drawing and texturising
This document provides an overview of drawing and texturizing processes in the textile industry. It begins with an introduction to filament production from man-made materials and defines drawing as a process used to orient polymer molecules and increase filament strength. Texturizing is defined as introducing crimps, loops or coils to filaments to create bulk. Common texturizing methods like false twist, draw texturizing and air jet texturizing are described. The document concludes with links to related textile technology Facebook pages.
Mercerization
mecerization is one kind of optional process.It is used for increasing various properties of cotton.
Shrinkage
The document discusses different types of shrinkage that can occur in fabrics including construction shrinkage, processing shrinkage, drying shrinkage, elastic shrinkage, and relaxation shrinkage. It also outlines factors that can influence shrinkage like yarn construction, weave/knit type, fiber content, and tensions during processing. The standard procedure for measuring fabric shrinkage involves marking samples before and after washing and drying to calculate the percentage change in dimensions.
Pilling and abrasion Testing of fabrics
This document discusses testing methods for pilling and abrasion resistance of fabrics. It describes that pilling is the formation of small balls of entangled fibers on fabric surfaces due to rubbing, and is influenced by fiber properties like strength and stiffness. Methods to measure pilling include objective counting/weighing of pills or subjective comparison to standards. Tests for pilling include the ICI pilling box method and Martindale abrasion tester. Abrasion resistance depends on fiber type, properties, yarn twist, and fabric structure, and is measured using the Martindale abrasion tester by recording cycles until thread breakage. Grading scales are used to assess levels of pilling and abrasion damage.
Flat knitting technology
Flat knitting machines produce flat knitted fabrics using stationary needles and a moving cam system. There are two main types - V-bed machines with diagonally arranged needles and flat-bed machines with parallel needles. The machine components include the needle bed, cam boxes, and various cams to control needle movement and create different stitch types. Operators can selectively introduce knit, tuck, and miss stitches using different cam positions and high/low butt needles. The machine can produce two separate fabrics or a tubular fabric simultaneously through specialized cam and needle bed arrangements.
Fabric Structure and Design
This document discusses various types of fabric structures and weaves. It begins with an introduction to the main methods of fabric production - weaving, knitting, and non-woven. It then focuses on woven fabrics and provides details on the classification, representation, and basic elements of woven designs. The key woven structures discussed include plain weave, twill weave, and satin/sateen weave. For each weave type, the document explains the weave repeat, shift, characteristics, and examples. It also covers various types of draft plans and their uses for different woven structures.
Abrasion Resistance and wear
when it can no longer do so.
To a lady An article which is serviceable is capable of performing useful service; its serviceability ceases of fashion, her last season’s outfit is unserviceable as far as being in the fashion is concerned even though the cloth may
Instrument copy
This document discusses various types of textile testing instruments. It begins by explaining why quality testing is important for the textile industry in Bangladesh. It then lists the main reasons for textile testing such as checking raw materials and monitoring production. The document proceeds to describe different types of textile tests including mechanical, physical, chemical and product tests. It provides examples of specific instruments used such as the crimp rigidity tester, GSM cutters, and tensile testing machines. The document discusses the features and uses of several key textile testing instruments.
More Related Content
What's hot
Textile Testing
This document discusses the importance and scope of fabric testing. It begins by explaining that textile fabrics are manufactured for different end uses, each with different performance requirements. Fabric testing plays a crucial role in assessing product quality, regulatory compliance, and performance. The document then discusses how fabric testing has expanded in scope due to increasing globalization and demands from consumers. It provides examples of different types of fabric tests, including physical, chemical, and performance tests. The document emphasizes that an understanding of fabric testing is important for various textile industry professionals to make informed decisions. In summary, the document outlines the wide-ranging role of fabric testing in evaluating textiles and ensuring they meet requirements for different applications.
Fabric Quality Parameters Tested in Quality Control Lab - Textile Testing & Q...
Fabric Quality Parameters Tested in Quality Control Lab - Textile Testing & Quality Control
Department:Textile Engineering & Management
BUFT
PRESENTED BY : Mazedin Reza
KNITTING - Rib structure
Rib structure is the second family of knit structures where wales of face stitches and back stitches are knitted alternatively on each side of the fabric. Rib fabrics are produced on machines with two sets of offset needles. The 1x1 rib structure has perfectly balanced stitches with high elastic recovery in the width direction. The 2x2 rib structure has 2 technical face loops and 2 back loops per repeat, making it popular for cuffs and waistbands. Rib fabrics have the same appearance on both sides with moderate lengthwise and very high widthwise extensibility, thickness, and no tendency to curl.
Weft Knitting
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
Desizing
1. Desizing is done to remove sizing agents like starch that were applied to warp yarns during weaving to facilitate the weaving process.
2. There are several methods of desizing including enzymatic, acid, and oxidative methods. Enzymatic desizing uses enzymes like amylase to break down starch into soluble sugars.
3. Proper control of factors like temperature, pH, and fabric speed are important for effective desizing when using the enzymatic method.
Yarn twist
The document discusses yarn twist, which is the spiral arrangement of fibers that binds them together and contributes to yarn strength. It defines twist, describes different types of twist including real and false twist. It also discusses factors that affect twist, methods of measuring and expressing twist, and the effects of twist on yarn and fabric properties such as handle, moisture absorption, and wearing properties. High twist results in a harder handle, better abrasion resistance, and lower moisture absorption, while low twist produces a softer feel but weaker yarn.
Beetling & stiffening
This document discusses beetling and stiffening processes for linen and other fabrics. Beetling involves hammering linen with wooden blocks to flatten yarns and produce a smooth sheen. Stiffening involves applying polymeric coatings like starches, gums, or synthetic resins to fabrics to make them rigid. Natural agents for stiffening include starches, gums, and dextrins, while synthetic options are methyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate, acrylates, and polystyrene. The document explains the methods and advantages of various stiffening techniques.
Milling of wool
Milling is a process that felts wool fabrics to make them thicker, fuller, and more uniform. It involves treating wool fabrics with moisture, heat, and pressure in a milling machine. There are several types of milling depending on the chemicals used, such as alkaline milling using sodium carbonate, soap milling using soap solutions, and acid milling using diluted sulfuric acid. The objective is to felt the wool fibers together to condense and shrink the fabric while also making the weave less visible. Milling improves the strength, handle, and appearance of the wool fabric.
1. textile finishing (1)
The document summarizes various types of textile finishing processes. It discusses classifications of finishing based on the nature of finish, degree of permanence, and performance. It then provides examples and brief explanations of common finishing processes like optical finishing, compacting, calendaring, brushing, raising, napping, shearing, resin finish, softener treatment, water repellent finish, and anti-microbial finish. The objectives and mechanisms of different finishes are also outlined.
Stiffness(bending length) of Fabric and Test Method
This document summarizes a presentation on the stiffness of fabrics and test methods. It defines stiffness as the rigidity of a material to bend. Stiffness is an important fabric property that determines how well it holds its shape without support. Three common instruments for measuring stiffness are described: the Shirley stiffness tester, drape meter, and heart loop test. The Shirley stiffness tester specifically is explained as a fabric testing device that uses samples cut in warp and weft directions to measure the angle of bend and calculate average stiffness values. In conclusion, higher bending lengths correspond to greater fabric stiffness.
Nonwoven Presentation
This presentation provides an overview of non-woven fabrics. It discusses the history and increasing production of non-wovens in Europe and the US. The main methods for producing non-woven fabrics are dry laying, wet laying, and spun melt. Key bonding methods are adhesive bonding, thermal bonding, and mechanical entanglement. Non-wovens are used in various industries like agriculture, construction, automotive, medical, and more. The manufacturing process involves fiber preparation, web formation, bonding, drying, and finishing. Cotton and polypropylene are common fibers used for non-woven production.
Different Spinning Techniques
Spinning is the first steps of textile product processing. The process of making yarns from the textile fiber is called spinning. There are various types of spinning techniques for producing various types of yarn.
Mercerization
1. Mercerization is a finishing treatment for cotton that improves luster, hardness, and other properties by treating cotton with a strong alkaline solution.
2. It involves immersing cotton yarn or fabric under tension in a cold sodium hydroxide solution, then neutralizing it in acid. This causes swelling of the cotton fibers and increases their luster.
3. The ideal conditions for mercerization are a caustic concentration of 250-320 g/L at 18-20°C for 30-60 seconds, as this provides the best luster with minimal shrinkage.
Needle Loop & Sinker Loop
Needle loop refers to the upper part of the knitted loop formed by the needle drawing yarn. There are three main types of needles used. Sinker loop refers to the lower part that connects two adjacent needle loops in the same course.
Sinker is a thin metal plate that assists with loop formation, holding loops down, and pushing fabric forward between needle movements. It plays an important role in restricting loop movement and supporting the fabric.
Needle loop and sinker loop are the two vital components that make up each stitch in knitting and understanding the difference between them is important for knitting technology.
Drawing and texturising
This document provides an overview of drawing and texturizing processes in the textile industry. It begins with an introduction to filament production from man-made materials and defines drawing as a process used to orient polymer molecules and increase filament strength. Texturizing is defined as introducing crimps, loops or coils to filaments to create bulk. Common texturizing methods like false twist, draw texturizing and air jet texturizing are described. The document concludes with links to related textile technology Facebook pages.
Mercerization
mecerization is one kind of optional process.It is used for increasing various properties of cotton.
Shrinkage
The document discusses different types of shrinkage that can occur in fabrics including construction shrinkage, processing shrinkage, drying shrinkage, elastic shrinkage, and relaxation shrinkage. It also outlines factors that can influence shrinkage like yarn construction, weave/knit type, fiber content, and tensions during processing. The standard procedure for measuring fabric shrinkage involves marking samples before and after washing and drying to calculate the percentage change in dimensions.
Pilling and abrasion Testing of fabrics
This document discusses testing methods for pilling and abrasion resistance of fabrics. It describes that pilling is the formation of small balls of entangled fibers on fabric surfaces due to rubbing, and is influenced by fiber properties like strength and stiffness. Methods to measure pilling include objective counting/weighing of pills or subjective comparison to standards. Tests for pilling include the ICI pilling box method and Martindale abrasion tester. Abrasion resistance depends on fiber type, properties, yarn twist, and fabric structure, and is measured using the Martindale abrasion tester by recording cycles until thread breakage. Grading scales are used to assess levels of pilling and abrasion damage.
Flat knitting technology
Flat knitting machines produce flat knitted fabrics using stationary needles and a moving cam system. There are two main types - V-bed machines with diagonally arranged needles and flat-bed machines with parallel needles. The machine components include the needle bed, cam boxes, and various cams to control needle movement and create different stitch types. Operators can selectively introduce knit, tuck, and miss stitches using different cam positions and high/low butt needles. The machine can produce two separate fabrics or a tubular fabric simultaneously through specialized cam and needle bed arrangements.
Fabric Structure and Design
This document discusses various types of fabric structures and weaves. It begins with an introduction to the main methods of fabric production - weaving, knitting, and non-woven. It then focuses on woven fabrics and provides details on the classification, representation, and basic elements of woven designs. The key woven structures discussed include plain weave, twill weave, and satin/sateen weave. For each weave type, the document explains the weave repeat, shift, characteristics, and examples. It also covers various types of draft plans and their uses for different woven structures.
What's hot (20)
Fabric Quality Parameters Tested in Quality Control Lab - Textile Testing & Q...
Fabric Quality Parameters Tested in Quality Control Lab - Textile Testing & Q...
Stiffness(bending length) of Fabric and Test Method
Stiffness(bending length) of Fabric and Test Method
Similar to Tear strength testing by Elmendorf's tear tester
Abrasion Resistance and wear
when it can no longer do so.
To a lady An article which is serviceable is capable of performing useful service; its serviceability ceases of fashion, her last season’s outfit is unserviceable as far as being in the fashion is concerned even though the cloth may
Instrument copy
This document discusses various types of textile testing instruments. It begins by explaining why quality testing is important for the textile industry in Bangladesh. It then lists the main reasons for textile testing such as checking raw materials and monitoring production. The document proceeds to describe different types of textile tests including mechanical, physical, chemical and product tests. It provides examples of specific instruments used such as the crimp rigidity tester, GSM cutters, and tensile testing machines. The document discusses the features and uses of several key textile testing instruments.
Textile testing & quality control 1(presentation)
This presentation discusses types of tensile testing machines used for fibers and yarns. It describes tensile strength testing of yarns using the USTER TENSORAPID/USTER TENSOJET machine, which tests at high speeds with accuracy. The presentation also covers the three categories of tensile testing machines based on working principles: constant rate of extension, constant rate of loading, and constant rate of traverse. Finally, it discusses tensile strength testing methods for fabrics, including the strip test and grab test, describing sample preparation and test procedures.
Effect of stitch length on abrasion resistance
The document summarizes research on the effect of stitch length on the abrasion resistance of grey knitted fabric. It finds that abrasion resistance decreases as stitch length increases, but not in a linear relationship. Specifically:
- Abrasion resistance decreases slightly as stitch length first increases but then decreases more rapidly for fabrics made from 24 Ne yarn.
- It also decreases for 32 Ne and 34 Ne yarns as stitch length increases, but the relationships are not linear and show opposing curves.
- Regression equations are provided relating stitch length and abrasion loss for each yarn count, allowing abrasion resistance to be predicted.
- While small hosiery machines are less used now, the research
pillinng test & abrasion resistance
This document discusses textile testing methods for pilling and abrasion resistance. It begins with an introduction to pilling formation and objectives of pilling testing. Methods of pilling testing include the ICI pilling box and random tumble pilling tester. Grading scales are provided to assess pilling. Abrasion resistance and factors that influence it are then covered. The Martindale abrasion tester process and assessment are described. In conclusion, fabric pilling can be reduced through fiber, yarn, fabric and finish improvements while maintaining aesthetics and performance.
Textile Testing & Quality Control
Quality is a relative term. It means customer needs is to be satisfied. Quality is of prime importance in any aspect of business. Customers demand and expect value for money. As producers of apparel there must be a constant endeavor to produce work of good quality. To assess the quality of textile product Textile Testing is very important work or process. Testing In response to ever-changing governmental regulations and the ever-increasing consumer demand for high quality, softlines testing and textile testing help to minimize risk and protect the interest of both manufacturers and consumers. It is important that testing is not undertaken without adding some benefit to the final product.
Textile Testing
Textile Testing & Quality Control (TTQC) is very important work or process in each department of export oriented industry. Buyers want quality but not quantity. In every department of textile industry quality maintained of each material, Because one material’s quality depend on another’s quality. For example, if qualified fiber is inputted then output will be good yarn.
YARN strength.pptx
This document discusses yarn strength testing. Yarn strength is an important indicator of quality and ability to withstand loads during weaving and knitting without breaking. There are different machines that can test single yarn strength at varying speeds, from 300 tests per hour to over 30,000 tests per hour. Key properties measured include breaking force, elongation, and variation within samples. Understanding yarn strength helps predict performance and end breaks during processing.
Yarn testing machine's
The document discusses various techniques for testing yarn characteristics and quality, including twist, count, strength, and evenness. It describes machines like the automatic twist tester and Uster evenness tester that can accurately measure attributes like twists per meter and coefficient of variation. Maintaining proper tension, reducing friction, and following testing standards are important for obtaining precise yarn assessment. A variety of testing helps ensure high quality from raw materials to finished fabrics.
Tensile test
Tensile test research and accurate data for academics and professional engineers. Engineers use tensile tests to solve most fracture problems.
Abrasion Resistance_new.ppt
This document discusses abrasion testing and the factors that affect a fabric's abrasion resistance. It describes the Martindale abrasion tester, which subjects fabric samples to controlled abrasion between surfaces under low pressure in changing directions. The tester uses circular fabric specimens abraded against a standard abrasive material. Abrasion resistance is assessed by weight loss, strength retention, appearance changes or number of cycles before failure. Proper test conditions include standardized specimen preparation, abrasion motion, direction, pressure and endpoint determination.
Fabric testing
This document discusses testing the bursting strength and tearing strength of fabrics. It describes two common methods for measuring bursting strength - mechanical and hydraulic burst testing. Hydraulic burst testing involves clamping a fabric sample over an inflating rubber diaphragm and increasing the liquid pressure until the fabric bursts. The tearing strength is measured using an Elmendorf tearing tester, which involves clamping a fabric sample and creating a tear using the falling weight of a pendulum from a fixed height. Sample preparation and testing procedures are provided for both bursting strength and tearing strength tests.
Hvi(high volume instrument)
The document discusses the High Volume Instrument (HVI) machine, which provides automated fiber testing to determine cotton quality. It can test up to 180 samples per hour with only 2 operators. The HVI measures key fiber properties like micronaire, length, strength and trash content. Major manufacturers of HVI machines include Uster Technologies and Premier Evolvics. The Uster HVI 1000 is a commonly used model that can test 700 samples in an 8-hour shift. It measures 10 different fiber quality parameters and has various components like a balance, barcode reader and computer.
Project presentation
The document discusses abrasion resistance and pilling resistance in fabrics. It defines abrasion and pilling, and lists factors that affect each, such as fiber type, yarn type, and weave. The document outlines testing methods for abrasion using a Martindale Abrasion Tester and for pilling using an ICI Pill Box. Testing of different weaves showed satin has the poorest abrasion and pilling resistance while 2/2 twill has the best. The results suggest weave significantly impacts abrasion and pilling performance.
Instron machine
The document discusses an Instron machine, which is a versatile instrument used to measure load from 2 grams to 100 kgs using a strain gauge principle. It consists of a load cell containing metal beams with strain gauges that measure the resistance change when a load is applied. This allows the machine to generate a load-elongation curve on a chart. The Instron machine can test properties of yarns, cords, fibers and other materials under tension, and has applications in measuring tensile, flexural, friction and tear properties. It operates over a wide range of speeds and loads with interchangeable load cells and grips.
Comparison and Optimization of Wear Rates of Two Types of Dental Composites O...
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Effect of stitch length on physical and mechanical properties of single jerse...
Effect of stitch length on physical and mechanical properties of single jerse...Elias Khalil (ইলিয়াস খলিল)
The physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabric can be changed due to use of various count of yarn, type of yarn
(ring, rotor, and compact), quality of yarn, stitch length / loop length, structural geometry, fiber composition of yarn etc. This study
focused on the various stitch length effect of grey single jersey. With an increase in stitch length, the dimensional properties like CPI,
WPI, GSM, thickness & tightness factor will be decreased for all the structures; while comfort properties like air permeability & water
absorbency will be increased. Again shrinkage & spirality will be decreased with increased stitch length at grey stage. Other properties
such as bursting strength, abrasion resistance & pilling resistance improved with increased stitch length. Though all the tests for fabric
properties were carried out for grey stage, there properties can considerably vary after further finishing of the fabrics. As finishing is
mandatory for fabric production, so now-a-days, these kinds of tests are carried out after finishing stage & proper controlling is done
according to desired quality. Sometimes, controlling of some properties of finished fabrics are beyond our trial. In that case, analysis of
fabric properties at grey stage can help us to take various control & corrective actions when necessary.Textile physic
The document describes a crimp rigidity tester used to measure the crimp of texturized yarns. It has a hank winder, tensioner, capstan, and weights to apply loads to yarn strands. The test method involves winding yarn into a hank, applying weights, immersing in water for 2 minutes, then removing weights and measuring change in hank length to calculate crimp rigidity. The tester is compact, portable, and can test polyamide and polyester yarns with heating for hot crimp contraction measurements.
Effect of wale wise increasing of tuck and miss loops on bursting strength of...
Effect of wale wise increasing of tuck and miss loops on bursting strength of...eSAT Publishing House
1. The document analyzes how increasing tuck and miss loops in single jersey knit fabrics affects their bursting strength.
2. It finds that bursting strength decreases with more tuck (pique, lacoste) and miss (cross miss) loops compared to plain single jersey. Tuck loops reduce strength more than miss loops.
3. Among tuck loop fabrics, lacoste has higher strength than pique. Among miss loops, locknit is stronger than cross miss. Finished fabrics have lower strength than grey fabrics for all designs.Effect of wale wise increasing of tuck and miss loops on bursting strength of...
Abstract Strength is a very important criterion for any material especially for fabric. To increase the durability and dimensional stability- strength plays a vital role. Of all types of weft knit fabrics single jersey fabric is very popular. This paper focused on the bursting strength of various derivatives of single jersey knit fabric in both grey and finished state. Derivatives of single jersey knit fabrics are found by using tuck and miss loops in corporate with knit loops in wales direction. Higher presence of tuck and miss loops in wales direction affect the bursting strength. From the total analysis it was observed that bursting strength decreases with the increasing of tuck ( single pique, double pique, single lacoste, double lacoste) and miss loops ( Single cross miss, double cross miss) than all knit loop containing fabric (plain single jersey). It is also observed that the bursting strength decrement of tuck loop containing fabric is higher than miss loop containing fabric as well as the lacoste & locknit fabrics have higher bursting strength than the pique & cross miss fabric. Keywords: Single jersey fabric, Tuck loop, miss loop, bursting strength, derivatives of single jersey fabrics
Similar to Tear strength testing by Elmendorf's tear tester (20)
Textile testing & quality control 1(presentation)
Textile testing & quality control 1(presentation)
Comparison and Optimization of Wear Rates of Two Types of Dental Composites O...
Comparison and Optimization of Wear Rates of Two Types of Dental Composites O...
Effect of stitch length on physical and mechanical properties of single jerse...
Effect of stitch length on physical and mechanical properties of single jerse...
Effect of wale wise increasing of tuck and miss loops on bursting strength of...
Effect of wale wise increasing of tuck and miss loops on bursting strength of...
Effect of wale wise increasing of tuck and miss loops on bursting strength of...
Effect of wale wise increasing of tuck and miss loops on bursting strength of...
More from Md. Asiqul Alam
Transfer Printing
A brief discussion on transfer printing in textile industry with its different types of application method.
Apology Letter
The document provides guidance on writing an effective apology letter. It discusses the different types of apology letters for business, personal, and professional situations. It then outlines the key steps to take which include providing details of the situation, acknowledging the damage done, taking responsibility and apologizing, including a statement of regret, asking for forgiveness and ensuring it won't happen again, and offering some form of restitution. The document also includes a sample business apology letter and helpful tips for writing sincerely with the right tone and following up after sending the letter.
Complaint Letter
This document provides information and guidance on writing effective complaint letters. It outlines common reasons for writing complaints such as late or defective deliveries. It then describes the key components of a complaint letter, including an introduction, description of the problem and its effects, suggested solutions, and a closing. The document also includes tips for writing complaint letters such as being brief, clear, and constructive. Finally, it provides a sample complaint letter as an example of how to structure and write one.
Centrifugal pump and Reciprocal pump
This document discusses centrifugal and reciprocating pumps. It defines a pump as a device that provides energy to a fluid by increasing its pressure or kinetic energy through mechanical means. There are two main types of pumps - centrifugal and reciprocating. Centrifugal pumps use an impeller to impart centrifugal force and move fluid outward from the pump's center. Reciprocating pumps use pistons in cylinders to displace fluid through intake and discharge valves. The document provides details on the mechanisms, parts, uses, and efficiencies of each pump type.
Study on Heat Transfer
Heat transfer occurs through three modes: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the direct contact and transfer of heat between solid objects or stationary fluids. Convection uses fluid movement to transfer heat, such as hot air rising. Radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium.
Average molecular weight of Polymer
Average molecular weight of polymer
-Number average molecular weight
-Weight average molecular weight
Properties of Polymer
Uses/Application of Polymer
Study on IC Engine
IC engine
Application of ic engine
various components of ic engine
two strok engine
four stroke engine.
Study on thermodynamics
Study on Thermodynamics.
Classification
System, Surroundings, Boundary.
Three laws of thermodynamics etc.
More from Md. Asiqul Alam (8)
Recently uploaded
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
Iron and Steel Technology towards Sustainable Steelmaking
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, SerbiaA SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Recently uploaded (20)
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
2. Operations Strategy in a Global Environment.ppt
2. Operations Strategy in a Global Environment.ppt
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
BPV-GUI-01-Guide-for-ASME-Review-Teams-(General)-10-10-2023.pdf
BPV-GUI-01-Guide-for-ASME-Review-Teams-(General)-10-10-2023.pdf
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
basic-wireline-operations-course-mahmoud-f-radwan.pdf
basic-wireline-operations-course-mahmoud-f-radwan.pdf
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Tear strength testing by Elmendorf's tear tester
- 1. Experiment No: 02 Experiment Name: Determination of Tear Strength of a Fabric By Elmendorf’s Tear Tester. Theory: Tear strength is the resistance of the fabric against tearing or force required to propagate the tear once it is initiated. The tear strength is required in high performance applications as well as in the conventional textiles i.e. in the industrial applications, bullet proof jackets, tents, worker jeans, sacks, aesthetic apparel and many more applications. This is also important in the industrial textiles where heavy duty work is performed. High tear strength of textiles make sure that the punctures in the fabrics doesn't propagates easily. A fabric tears when it is snagged by a sharp object and the immediate small puncher is converted into long rip by what may be a very small extra effort. It is probably the most common type of strength failure of fabrics in use. It is particularly important in industrial fabrics that are exposed to rough handling. (E.g. Tents, Sacks, Parachutes, etc.) In some applications low tear strength is require, e.g. Adhesive tape, bandages, etc. Tear strength is the strength required to start or continue the tear in a fabric under specific condition & tearing force is the required to continue a tear previously started in a fabric. The tear resistance test on fabrics or tear strength is measured to check how the material can withstand the effects of tearing or cuts when in tension. Objectives: 1. To know about tear tester and its parts. 2. To determine the tear strength of fabric. Materials Requires: Template Scissor Fabric Elmendorf Tear Tester mm/cm Scale Machine Parts & Diagram: Tear tester machine is completely made of stainless steel. It consists of a sector of pendulum pivoted on anti- friction ball bearings on a vertical bracket fixed on a rigid metallic bare. The test specimen in shape of
- 2. rectangular pieces is held between two jaws, one of which is mounted on the pendulum & other is mounted on the vertical arm. The jaw clamps are mounted in such a manner that their holding forces are aligned with a each other when the pendulum is locked in its raised position. An adjustable knife is also mounted on the vertical arm. It is centered between the two brake release lever. This action causes the test specimen to tear right through. The Testing strength is indicated on calibrated scale fettle on the pendulum by a fine point. A set of calibrated check weights are supplied with the tester for verification calibration of the scale at 3200, 6400 & 12800gms capacities. In order to increase the capacity of the tester from the 3200Gms augmenting weights of 6400gms & 12800gms are supplied as standard Accessories. Working Principle: 1. Cotton fabric was taken. 2. Warp and weft direction of the fabric was identified. 3. Two strips were cut from the fabric in both directions having dimensions of 100 x 64 mm. 4. The sample was then fixed in the jaws of the tearing tester. 5. A cut of 20mm was made along the width of the fabric using the cutter in the tearing tester. 6. By using falling pendulum of the tearing tester the fabric was tear and the readings were noted from the Elmendorf's tester's scale. Fig: Elmendorf Tear Tester
- 3. Table: SL. No. Warp-wise strength % of 3200/6400 and 12800gm. Capacity Weft-wise strength % of 3200/6400 and 12800gm. Capacity 1. 2112 1792 2. 1920 1728 3. 2048 1664 4. 1856 1728 5. 2112 1856 Mean Value 2009.5 1753.6 Results & Discussion: Warp-wise tear strength = 2009.5 Kg Weft-wise tear strength = 1753.6 Kg The results shows that the warp-wise tear strength of the fabric is more than that of the weft-wise tear strength of the fabric. This shows that the warp yarns are much more than that of the weft yarns, that's why the warp yarn strength is much more than that of the weft yarn. Conclusion: This experiment showed that the warp-wise tear strength of fabric is greater; hence the fabric is more stable along the warp-wise direction. Prepared by Md. Asiqul Alam B.Sc in Textile Engineering Port City International University