This document provides details about a team participating in a competition on boosting agricultural productivity in India. The team coordinator is Nitish Kumar and other members are listed. It then discusses how agriculture contribution to India's GDP has declined while services have increased. It outlines technological, economic and institutional factors and solutions that could increase agricultural production, such as improved irrigation techniques, investment in infrastructure and research, subsidies, rural development programs, and empowering farmers.

1. TEAM DETAILS
( BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MESRA , DEOGHAR CAMPUS)
Team coordinator- 1.Nitish Kumar
2.Ashish Ranjan
3.Nirbhay kr. Gupta
4.Prushotam Kumar
5.Shruti Mishra
Manthan topic-
BOOSTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY

2. Agriculture losing significance in Indian GDP
• The contribution of agricultural
sector to GDP has continued to
decline over the years, while that of
other sectors, particularly services,
has increased.
• Agriculture is still an important
contributor to Gross State Domestic
Product (GSDP) in some States like
Punjab (24%), Madhya Pradesh
(22.3%).
• Increase in population will require
continuous increase in agricultural
production
• Nearly three-quarters of India’s
families depend on rural incomes.
• In 2004-05 agriculture contributed to 19%
of total GDP.As per the latest data the
contribution has declined to just 14% in
2011-12.
• GDP has grown by a mere 3.3% annually in
the 11th 5-year plan. Though this is better
than the 2.4% growth seen in the previous
5-year plan but is nowhere near the growth
rates seen in other sectors.
0
10
20
30
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2012
AGRICULTURE%oftotal
GDP
Agri contribution to GDP declining

4. POLICY INSTRUMENTS FOR AGRICULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT
• Agricultural R&D
• Improved seeds and fertilizers
• Irrigation water
• Agro chemicals
• Farm machinery
• Value addition and agro processing
TECHNOLOGICAL
FACTORS
• Investment in agricultural R&D & infrastructure
• Agricultural prices & terms of trade
• Subsidies
• Trade policy and taxation
ECONOMIC FACTORS
• Land reforms
• rural credits
• Rural development & poverty elevation
programs
• Market sector reforms & crop insurance
INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS

5. TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
A. USE OF MODERN
IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES
•In states like Gujarat DRIP and
SPRINKLER irrigation are used
but still in many states
traditional techniques are used.
•ADVANTAGE : * Reduce and
conserve water consumption
rate.
•maintains soil fertility
•provide equal amount of
water for all plants.
B. INTENSIVE FARMING
•Heavy use of fertilizers and
pesticides
•Mechanised farming
•Bio intensive agriculture –
focuses on maximizing
efficiency
•Agro forestry- combines
agriculture & orchard to create
productive profitable
sustainable land –use systems
•Intercropping-increase total
yields per unit area or reduce
inputs to achieve the same.
•HYV(high yielding variety
seeds)- less problem of pest
and diseases , maturity
time is less ,drought resistant
C. INTEGRATED FARMING
SYSTEM
•Crop rotation-growing a series
of dissimilar types of crops in
the sane space in sequential
seasons
•BENEFITS-avoids pathogens
and pests, avoid excessive
depletion of soil nutrients,
improve soil structure and
fertility
•Herbicide resistance – using
cover crops that out compete
weeds , using different
herbicide , using a different
crop , plowing , manual
removal

6. ECONOMIC SOLUTIONS
Investment in agricultural R&D
& infrastructure
•
•Adequate levels of rural infrastructure are essential for
agriculture growth and poor infrastructure is one of the
major constraints in linking small producers with markets
better road access to markets increases opportunities for
high-value agriculture including perishable products
besides providing more opportunities for offarm
employment
•AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY should be opened for
agricultural research.
•Public investment in public goods like R&D , rural
infrastructure would facilitate private investment in post
harvest management market infrastructure and
processing sectors
SUBSIDIES
• transfer the fertilizer subsidy directly
to farmers rather than routing it
through manufacturers
• A revision in water rates and price of
electricity is thus necessary to
increase efficiency and reduce
wastages. Moreover, pricing must be
based on volumetric use rather than a
flat rate

7. INSTITUTIONAL SOLUTIONS
Rural development &
poverty elevation programs
•Availability and cost of labour has become a
major constraint In the agriculture sector.
Therefore, rural development and poverty
alleviation programmes like Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MNREGA), and National Rural Livelihood
Mission(NRLM) should be integrated with
agricultural and allied sectors, irrigation and
watershed development, soil and water
conservation programmes, rural infrastructure,
and non-farm activities.
WAREHOUSE FACILITIES
• Proper storage facilities should be
provided as large amount of grains are
destroyed due to rotting.
• Adequate infrastructure for the cold
storage should be developed
• Foreign investments should be allowed in
setting up of cold storage house.

8. Various farming methods
COOPERATIVE FARMING- farmers pool their resources in certain areas for mutual benefit like
seeds , fertilizers , pesticides etc.
CONTRACT FARMING AND COLLABORATIVE FARMING TECHNIQUES- reduce input cost ,better cost
realization, arrests further fragmentation of land..
CORPORATE FARMING-large corporates & MNC’S take over large parcel of lands and produce food
and non food crops......
BENEFITS:- effective usage agri-inputs, higher degree of mechanisation, sustained supply of raw
materials ,better quality of produce , higher efficiency of in the supply chain , reduce wastage and
higher value realization

9. SOME MORE SOLUTIONS
CREDITSYSTEM
Institutions should be setup TO
PROVIDE CREDIT AT low INTEREST
RATES
FARMERS should be given enough
time for RECOVERY purpose
LANDLEASING.. LEASING IN & LEASINGOUT of
agricultural land should be
legalised.
Opening land lease markets.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2005-06
>4ha
2-4 ha
<2 ha
Changes in Composition of Different Categories of Farmers and Average Farm Size in India

10. CONCLUDIG REMARKS : Restructuring of the existing research
and development institutions to make them demand driven
and more responsive to the needs of users like
farmers and industry, and participation of the private
sector, particularly in post-harvest activities including
storage, food processing, and marketing should be promoted.
AWAKENING THE FARMERS
•Information & guidance such as soil health ,crop rotation , organic farming, irrigation ,and marketing
should be imparted to the farmers through different modes like MEDIA , CAMPS ,etc.
SOIL HEALTH CARDS
•Information of nature of soil will be available to the farmers through COMPUTERS installed in GRAM
PANCHAYATS under E-gram project.
AGRICULTURAL FESTS
•Scientists , experts , agricultural officers & ministers should interact and provide information & counselling
on soil health , organic farming , technology and inputs , irrigation , etc besides in fusing a new spirit of
change and mass mobilisation.
CHECK DAMS,VILLAGE POND,SAND BAG DAMS
•These help in WATER CONSERVATION & IRRIGATIOIN.

11. REFERENCES
• Gulati , A. & Jain, S. (2012, December 20). Credit inclusion, farm lease and forming clusters can help small
farmers overcome poverty much faster. The Economic Times. Retrieved from
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-12-20/news/35933641_1_small-farms-farm-output-
farm-lease
• Gulati , A. & Jain, S. (2012, December 20). Credit inclusion, farm lease and forming clusters can help small
farmers overcome poverty much faster. The Economic Times. Retrieved from
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-12-20/news/35933641_1_small-farms-farm-output-
farm-lease
• Government of India (2011c). India Public Finance Statistics 2010-11, Economic Division, Department of
Economic Affairs , Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India, New Delhi, October 2011.
• Sharma, V.P. (2012). Accelerating Agriculture Growth for Inclusive Development. Vikalpa , 37(1). Retrieved
from http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/assets/upload/faculty/161638648Vikalapa%20Paper%202011.pdf
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farming%2Farticle2021516.ece&ei=m8odUrXVLcjArAeinYGICg&usg=AFQjCNGSLM0tOulaUX79ATzA1TbnAo
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