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Teaching @
 classroom

          Rajin Arora,
 MD, RTCOG, Dip in Med Ed (Dundee)
Advance organizer
 Learning theory
 How do we teach @ classroom?
  Lecture
  Small group learning.
“A lengthy
   monologue
    promoting
memorization of
      factual
information with
 little emphasis
on understanding
and application”

    JA Dent
“Process by
which notes of a
teacher become
    notes of a
student without
passing through
  the minds of
     either.”

 M O’Donnell
“No sleep is so
      deeply
refreshing as that
  which, during
    lectures.”

  PB Medawar
Merits of lecture

 Overview
 Stimulate student’s interest
 Recent research development
 Case presentation
 Authoritative speaker
 Time/ Cost efficiency.
How to do effective lecture?

 Use concrete examples to illustrate
 abstract principles
 Give handouts of the lecture slides, with
 space to write notes
 Give handouts with partially completed
 diagrams and lists
 Use multiple activities along the way.
Adapted from Bligh, 2000
How to do effective lecture?

 Good presentation skills
 Use questions to guide and assess
 understanding
 Problem-oriented VS classical model
 “Say what you are going to say, say it and
 say what you have said” .
Merits of small group learning

  Student-centered learning
    Participation
    Sense of belonging
  Authentic to adult learning
  Deep learning
    Understanding
    Reflection
    Criticism.
Merits of small group learning

 Promote generic skills
   Problem solving
   Interpersonal
   Communication
   Social & team-working
   Presentation
 Professionalism
   Awareness of different views
   Attitude of tolerance.
Key success to small group

 Size 8-12
 Tutor
   Facilitating skill
   Preparation
   Enthusiasm
 Student
   Preparation
   Participation
   Study skills.
Key success to small group

 Study guide development
 Resources
   Time
   Room
   Student/ tutor ratio
 Educational climate
 Feedback.
Buzz group
Group round
Fish bowl
Horseshoe groups
Crossover




Snowball
My small group sessions

 Seminar group round
   Student fills up study guide before class
   Case-based discussion @ class
 Contraceptive card game.
Grasha-Riechmann
Learning Styles
Competitive
   compete with other students
Collaborative
   believe they can learn by sharing ideas and talents
Avoidant
   uninterested and/or overwhelmed by what happens in class
Participant
   eager to take part in class activities
Dependent
   need structure and support
Independent
   like to think for themselves and work alone.

                                            Grasha AF, 2002
Grasha Teaching Styles
     http://www.longleaf.net/teachingstyle.html


Expert
•   transmitter of information
Formal Authority
•   sets standards and defines acceptable ways of doing things
Personal Model
•   teaches by illustration and direct example
Facilitator
•   guides and directs by asking questions, exploring options,
    suggesting alternatives
Delegator
•   develops students ability to function autonomously.

                                                  Grasha AF, 2002
More opportunities to practice

  Clinical skills sessions
  Problem-based learning/ problem-solving
  sessions
  Clinical teaching sessions
    @ wards
    @ OPD
    @ community-based
  Support group
    For students
    For tutors.
“
  Let’s
practice!
    ”

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Teach in classroom

  • 1. Teaching @ classroom Rajin Arora, MD, RTCOG, Dip in Med Ed (Dundee)
  • 2. Advance organizer Learning theory How do we teach @ classroom? Lecture Small group learning.
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  • 4. “A lengthy monologue promoting memorization of factual information with little emphasis on understanding and application” JA Dent
  • 5. “Process by which notes of a teacher become notes of a student without passing through the minds of either.” M O’Donnell
  • 6. “No sleep is so deeply refreshing as that which, during lectures.” PB Medawar
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  • 8. Merits of lecture Overview Stimulate student’s interest Recent research development Case presentation Authoritative speaker Time/ Cost efficiency.
  • 9. How to do effective lecture? Use concrete examples to illustrate abstract principles Give handouts of the lecture slides, with space to write notes Give handouts with partially completed diagrams and lists Use multiple activities along the way.
  • 11. How to do effective lecture? Good presentation skills Use questions to guide and assess understanding Problem-oriented VS classical model “Say what you are going to say, say it and say what you have said” .
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  • 14. Merits of small group learning Student-centered learning Participation Sense of belonging Authentic to adult learning Deep learning Understanding Reflection Criticism.
  • 15. Merits of small group learning Promote generic skills Problem solving Interpersonal Communication Social & team-working Presentation Professionalism Awareness of different views Attitude of tolerance.
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  • 19. Key success to small group Size 8-12 Tutor Facilitating skill Preparation Enthusiasm Student Preparation Participation Study skills.
  • 20. Key success to small group Study guide development Resources Time Room Student/ tutor ratio Educational climate Feedback.
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  • 28. My small group sessions Seminar group round Student fills up study guide before class Case-based discussion @ class Contraceptive card game.
  • 29. Grasha-Riechmann Learning Styles Competitive compete with other students Collaborative believe they can learn by sharing ideas and talents Avoidant uninterested and/or overwhelmed by what happens in class Participant eager to take part in class activities Dependent need structure and support Independent like to think for themselves and work alone. Grasha AF, 2002
  • 30. Grasha Teaching Styles http://www.longleaf.net/teachingstyle.html Expert • transmitter of information Formal Authority • sets standards and defines acceptable ways of doing things Personal Model • teaches by illustration and direct example Facilitator • guides and directs by asking questions, exploring options, suggesting alternatives Delegator • develops students ability to function autonomously. Grasha AF, 2002
  • 31. More opportunities to practice Clinical skills sessions Problem-based learning/ problem-solving sessions Clinical teaching sessions @ wards @ OPD @ community-based Support group For students For tutors.