Transformational-generative grammar is a theory that represents a native speaker's innate knowledge of language. It includes an ideal mental representation of a language and rules for generating grammatical sentences. The theory proposes that speakers have unconscious knowledge of phonological, syntactic, and semantic rules and can use these rules to produce and understand an infinite number of sentences. Transformational rules allow speakers to derive new structures from underlying structures.
Transformational generative grammar is a grammar that was proposed by American Linguist Noam Chomsky in his book entitled, Syntactic Structures in 1957. He talked about some major concepts that is Competence and Performance
Secondly most of our knowledge are innate and learners only have to learn idosyncratic features and thirdly he said that language is universal and deep structures in all languages are same they only differs at the level of transformational level.
Chomsky proposed two level of sentences; deep structures (shows the semantic content of a sentence) and surface structure (determines its phonetic form).
Phrase Structure rule provide us with the underlying syntactic structure of sentence. They are used to break down natural language sentence into its constituent parts. It is a tree diagram which has branches and nodes and each node followed the other.
Transformational Structure Rules contain two parts; Structural analysis specifying the class of strings of two which the rule applies. The second part specifies the structural change.
Morphophonemic rules deals with the alteration of phonetic of morphemes across morpheme boundary. It has a form of phonological rules but it is restricted to a particular morphological environment.
Transformational generative grammar is a grammar that was proposed by American Linguist Noam Chomsky in his book entitled, Syntactic Structures in 1957. He talked about some major concepts that is Competence and Performance
Secondly most of our knowledge are innate and learners only have to learn idosyncratic features and thirdly he said that language is universal and deep structures in all languages are same they only differs at the level of transformational level.
Chomsky proposed two level of sentences; deep structures (shows the semantic content of a sentence) and surface structure (determines its phonetic form).
Phrase Structure rule provide us with the underlying syntactic structure of sentence. They are used to break down natural language sentence into its constituent parts. It is a tree diagram which has branches and nodes and each node followed the other.
Transformational Structure Rules contain two parts; Structural analysis specifying the class of strings of two which the rule applies. The second part specifies the structural change.
Morphophonemic rules deals with the alteration of phonetic of morphemes across morpheme boundary. It has a form of phonological rules but it is restricted to a particular morphological environment.
Two Views of Discourse Structure: As a Product and As a ProcessCRISALDO CORDURA
This is are 3 presenter presentation on the discussion of "Two Views of Discourse Structure: As a Product and As a Process"
Credit to
https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/media/lectures/8/8_2020_03_30!04_57_35_PM.pptx
and
The book from the school
Two Views of Discourse Structure: As a Product and As a ProcessCRISALDO CORDURA
This is are 3 presenter presentation on the discussion of "Two Views of Discourse Structure: As a Product and As a Process"
Credit to
https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/media/lectures/8/8_2020_03_30!04_57_35_PM.pptx
and
The book from the school
In this powerpoint we were able to come up with a lesson, explain it, and list questions for the child to answer. There were links that would tell the child if they got the question right or wrong. This was very educational and I plan on using this one in my classroom
Slideshare haidee thomson noticing and acquiring lexical bundles with schemat...Haidee Thomson
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Language Education and Technology (LET), Japan
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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2. Transformational-Generative Grammar
• Idealized representation of the
knowledge possessed by a
native speaker of a language
(Thomas & Kintgen, 1974)
13. Constituency
Example: NP
Simple: the dog
Complicated: the big black dog
that always barks at me as I try
to vainly sneak past the
junkyard on my way home
from piano lessons
14. Constituent Boundary Test
Where does the click occur?
RESULTS:
• Easy = Constituent Boundary
• Inside the Boundary = Thought of
Boundary
(Fromkin, Rodman, & Hyams, 2003)
30. 1
Movement Transformation
• Particle
–I took off my shoes.
–I took my shoes off.
• Topicalization
–I love Kris.
–Kris, I love.
31. 2
Deletion Transformation
• Imperative
– You come here.
– Come here.
• Verb Phrase
– If he says he will study for the test, he
will study for the test.
– If he says he will study for the test, he
will.
32. 3
Insertion Transformation
• He knew she was here.
• He knew that she was here.
• *He won the race is history.
• That he won the race is history.
33. 4
Substitution Transformation
• Prominalization
–Tony thought that Tony was the
best.
–Tony thought that he was the best.
34.
35. TG and Teaching Writing
NO to...
• Mimicking textbook sentences
• Teacher correction
YES to...
• Student’s language creativity
• Student’s judgment development
(Cleary & Linn, 1993)
41. Bibliography
Cleary, L. M., & Linn, M. D. (1993). Linguistics for teachers.
New York: McGraw-Hill.
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. M. (2003). An
introduction to language (7th ed.). Boston: Thomson,
Heinle.
Google Images. (n.d.). Google. Retrieved August 7, 2012, from
http://www.google.com.ph/imghp?hl=fil&tab=wi
Language Acquisition Device | TeachingEnglish | British
Council | BBC. (n.d.). TeachingEnglish | British Council |
BBC. Retrieved August 7, 2012, from
http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/knowledge-
database/language-acquisition-device
42. Bibliography
Lasnik, H., Depiante, M. A., & Stepanov, A. (2000). Syntactic
structures revisited: contemporary lectures on classic
transformational theory. Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.: MIT
Press.
Lester, M. (1973). Readings in applied transformational
grammar (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Murcia, M., & Freeman, D. (1983). The grammar book: an
ESL/EFL teacher's course. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.
Ouhalla, J. (1994). Introducing transformational grammar:
from rules to principles and parameters. London: E. Arnold.
43. Bibliography
Payne, T. E. (2006). Exploring language structure: a student's guide.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2009). A concise introduction to
linguistics (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
Thomas, O., & Kintgen, E. R. (1974). Transformational grammar and
the teacher of English: theory and practice (2nd ed.). New York:
Holt Rinehart and Winston.
Widdowson, H. G. (1996). Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
"facebook.com." Facebook. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Aug. 2012.
<https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?
fbid=397305633656134&set=a.1640888
APA formatting by BibMe.org.
