This document discusses the topic of censorship and whether it is a good or bad idea. It presents arguments on both sides of the debate. It discusses censorship of different types of media like films, books, the internet and how they are censored to different degrees. It also discusses age restrictions and ratings for different media and whether all media should be treated equally in terms of censorship. The document considers many examples related to censorship and asks questions about where the line should be drawn on censorship and who should have control over censorship decisions.
The document discusses the complex issue of censorship and whether it should exist. It acknowledges that censorship is meant to suppress or alter media content that may cause offense, but notes that what qualifies as offensive is unclear. The document weighs the arguments for and against censorship, examining how it is applied differently based on the media platform and considering cases where content has been censored from television shows, books, and advertising due to being deemed objectionable or a bad influence on children. It concludes that finding a balance with some degree of censorship is important, as extremes of too much or too little censorship can both be problematic for a population with varying views.
This document discusses the issue of censorship and provides several examples. It argues that censorship threatens freedom of expression and prevents important ideas from being shared. While censorship has existed throughout history, the Comstock Act of 1873 set the precedent for banning literature deemed sexually inappropriate in the US. The document also discusses several court cases around banning books in schools, including a landmark 1982 Supreme Court case that found students' civil rights were violated by a school board banning books. It notes that while censorship continues to be an issue, groups are working to prevent book banning and the internet has made it harder to censor ideas.
This document summarizes research on pornography addiction in adolescents. It finds that 93% of boys and 62% of girls are exposed to internet pornography before age 18, including 18% of boys and 10% of girls seeing rape or violence online. While society focuses on preventing drug and alcohol addiction, pornography is readily available online. The paper explores how exposure affects adolescent development and behaviors, the types of pornography and societal influences, and controversies around its impact and appropriate regulation.
Media and the Criminal Justice SystemIP2 GibsonDfinalDm Gibson
The document discusses how media coverage influences public perception of the criminal justice system. It argues that media often focuses more on negative and sensationalized stories, which can create fear among the public and impact policy. Exposure to violence in media like movies and video games can desensitize people and potentially influence criminal behavior as some try to emulate what they see. The level of trust in the criminal justice system depends on factors like gender, race, income and personal experiences with police. Diverse police forces and community outreach programs can help alleviate public fear and gain trust.
The document discusses the history of mainstream media blaming video games for acts of real-world violence. It provides examples of controversial games like Doom and Manhunt that were blamed for incidents but later found to have no causal link. Studies are cited finding no correlation between gaming and aggression, though some politicians deny this. While certain games like Manhunt were highly controversial, there is no evidence they inspired real violence. Overall the document examines the debate around this topic and how video games have unfairly been blamed by media at times despite lack of evidence linking them to violent acts.
The discussion focused on challenges to freedom of expression and internet rights in Nepal. Participants expressed concerns about youth addiction to social media and lack of awareness about privacy, identity theft, and cybercrimes. The old curriculum was criticized for not addressing today's technology issues. Regulations like the Electronic Transaction Act were seen as overly restrictive and not respecting the right to freedom of expression in the constitution. LGBT groups said they face discrimination and harassment online through trolls and hate speech. Overall, participants called for more self-regulation of social media, support for groups facing discrimination, and spreading awareness about internet and privacy issues.
This document discusses different types of research on the effects of media violence, including laboratory experiments and field experiments. It also covers gender differences in aggression, violent video games, and simulated violence against women in games. While some research has found that viewing violent media can increase aggressive behavior in children, other factors like family, social, and psychological background also play a role. Feminists have criticized some video games for misogynistic and unrealistic portrayals of women. However, the effects of media violence are complex, and social institutions may have a greater influence on behavior than media exposure alone.
The document discusses the debate around whether pornography is beneficial or detrimental to society. It outlines arguments on both sides of the debate. Proponents argue that pornography can fulfill sexual desires and reduce other criminal behaviors like rape. However, critics argue that pornography can degrade perceptions of women, promote unrealistic expectations, and contribute to relationship problems. The document also notes that the pornography industry is very large and lucrative. Overall, the document explores both the potential positive and negative impacts of pornography on society.
The document discusses the complex issue of censorship and whether it should exist. It acknowledges that censorship is meant to suppress or alter media content that may cause offense, but notes that what qualifies as offensive is unclear. The document weighs the arguments for and against censorship, examining how it is applied differently based on the media platform and considering cases where content has been censored from television shows, books, and advertising due to being deemed objectionable or a bad influence on children. It concludes that finding a balance with some degree of censorship is important, as extremes of too much or too little censorship can both be problematic for a population with varying views.
This document discusses the issue of censorship and provides several examples. It argues that censorship threatens freedom of expression and prevents important ideas from being shared. While censorship has existed throughout history, the Comstock Act of 1873 set the precedent for banning literature deemed sexually inappropriate in the US. The document also discusses several court cases around banning books in schools, including a landmark 1982 Supreme Court case that found students' civil rights were violated by a school board banning books. It notes that while censorship continues to be an issue, groups are working to prevent book banning and the internet has made it harder to censor ideas.
This document summarizes research on pornography addiction in adolescents. It finds that 93% of boys and 62% of girls are exposed to internet pornography before age 18, including 18% of boys and 10% of girls seeing rape or violence online. While society focuses on preventing drug and alcohol addiction, pornography is readily available online. The paper explores how exposure affects adolescent development and behaviors, the types of pornography and societal influences, and controversies around its impact and appropriate regulation.
Media and the Criminal Justice SystemIP2 GibsonDfinalDm Gibson
The document discusses how media coverage influences public perception of the criminal justice system. It argues that media often focuses more on negative and sensationalized stories, which can create fear among the public and impact policy. Exposure to violence in media like movies and video games can desensitize people and potentially influence criminal behavior as some try to emulate what they see. The level of trust in the criminal justice system depends on factors like gender, race, income and personal experiences with police. Diverse police forces and community outreach programs can help alleviate public fear and gain trust.
The document discusses the history of mainstream media blaming video games for acts of real-world violence. It provides examples of controversial games like Doom and Manhunt that were blamed for incidents but later found to have no causal link. Studies are cited finding no correlation between gaming and aggression, though some politicians deny this. While certain games like Manhunt were highly controversial, there is no evidence they inspired real violence. Overall the document examines the debate around this topic and how video games have unfairly been blamed by media at times despite lack of evidence linking them to violent acts.
The discussion focused on challenges to freedom of expression and internet rights in Nepal. Participants expressed concerns about youth addiction to social media and lack of awareness about privacy, identity theft, and cybercrimes. The old curriculum was criticized for not addressing today's technology issues. Regulations like the Electronic Transaction Act were seen as overly restrictive and not respecting the right to freedom of expression in the constitution. LGBT groups said they face discrimination and harassment online through trolls and hate speech. Overall, participants called for more self-regulation of social media, support for groups facing discrimination, and spreading awareness about internet and privacy issues.
This document discusses different types of research on the effects of media violence, including laboratory experiments and field experiments. It also covers gender differences in aggression, violent video games, and simulated violence against women in games. While some research has found that viewing violent media can increase aggressive behavior in children, other factors like family, social, and psychological background also play a role. Feminists have criticized some video games for misogynistic and unrealistic portrayals of women. However, the effects of media violence are complex, and social institutions may have a greater influence on behavior than media exposure alone.
The document discusses the debate around whether pornography is beneficial or detrimental to society. It outlines arguments on both sides of the debate. Proponents argue that pornography can fulfill sexual desires and reduce other criminal behaviors like rape. However, critics argue that pornography can degrade perceptions of women, promote unrealistic expectations, and contribute to relationship problems. The document also notes that the pornography industry is very large and lucrative. Overall, the document explores both the potential positive and negative impacts of pornography on society.
The document discusses press regulation policies regarding children and provides examples of cases involving press coverage of children. It notes that media regulation policies on children have evolved over time, as have wider laws related to children. Specific examples are given of cases from the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) and its predecessor the Press Council (PC) dealing with press coverage of children. These include a 1989 case involving labeling a child the "worst brat in Britain" and a 1986 case publishing photos of a Hillsborough victim who was a child. The document analyzes how the press generally represents youth and suggests they are typically portrayed negatively. It also notes inconsistencies in how the PCC has protected some children like Prince William and Prince Harry more strictly than
Media violence refers to the depiction or dissemination of violent or explicit material through various media sources that is considered harmful to viewers. Children in particular spend more time exposed to media than in school, witnessing thousands of acts of violence by age 18. Research shows that viewing media violence is correlated with increased aggressive behavior in youth and may lead to real-world violence. While video games, films, television, and music often contain graphic depictions of violence, determining appropriate restrictions to curb harmful effects while protecting free expression is an ongoing debate.
Subtitle: "The Growing Problem of Sexting Among School-Age Children." A presentation delivered to the Vermont School Boards Association Fall Conference on October 29, 2010, at the Lake Morey Resort in Fairlee, VT.
The document discusses the history and definitions of pornography. It traces pornography back to ancient times in manuals like the Kama Sutra and mentions how it flourished during the Renaissance. The text then outlines some negative effects of pornography such as how it can contribute to psychological and social problems, objectify women, and negatively impact children. It provides statistics on pornography use in American culture. The document concludes by defining pornography from an Islamic perspective and providing tips on how to avoid and overcome addiction to pornography.
The document discusses the debate around whether violence in mass media promotes real-world violence. Some research has found correlations between viewing media violence and increased aggression, citing theories like social learning. However, other research argues this relationship has not been proven and other factors better predict violence. The author concludes that mass media may increase violence in some instances for susceptible individuals, but has not been shown to universally cause violence in all viewers, and other predictors like genetics also influence aggression.
This presentation includes data from 2009 and 2010 on teens and adults sending or receiving sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images by cell phone - also called sexting. Presented to the 2010 conference of the Association of Internet Researchers, the talk includes demographic data on who engages in these behaviors, as well as some teen focus group data on the differences in language used to talk about sexting experiences between boys and girls.
Pornography refers to the depiction of erotic behavior intended to cause sexual excitement. It has existed in various media such as books, photos, and films. Before the internet, pornography was distributed through means like bulletin board systems with adult files available without age verification. The introduction of the internet in the 1990s led to the widespread availability of online pornography. However, this also raised legal issues around depictions of child pornography and obscenity. Countries have different laws governing pornography. In the Philippines, the Anti-Pornography Law of 2009 defines and penalizes illegal pornography. Censorship involves suppressing speech or media deemed objectionable by governments or organizations. It is practiced for moral, political, religious or other
Censorship of media is debated, as it aims to protect audiences but can restrict freedom. Television censorship focuses on protecting children from adult content by enforcing watersheds after 9PM. Breaching watershed rules can result in fines. Advertising is also regulated to prevent exploiting children's susceptibility. Books are sometimes censored for reasons like preventing crime inspiration, though banning books rarely stops determined criminals and restricts ideas. Internet censorship is controversial as it can justifyably block pornography or terrorism but also oppressively limit political ideas or free speech. Overall censorship aims to protect but must avoid going too far in restricting freedoms.
Censorship takes several forms including the suppression of speech, political views, print media, and the internet. In the US, censorship has a long history dating back to the late 18th century. The FCC regulates content on public airwaves, censoring songs between 6am-10pm when children are likely listening. However, censorship methods are not always effective and can be inconsistently applied. Political censorship involves governments concealing or distorting information to control the political views of its citizens. Internet censorship also aims to control the flow of information and is commonly practiced by authoritarian regimes. Censorship in schools centers around protecting children from sensitive topics but may prevent their development and understanding of real world issues.
This is a presentation I gave about my PhD topic at the North West Gender Conference. It is about the role of gender in 'youth sexting' - young people creating and sharing sexual images of themselves via technology. I discuss background info and the direction of my research.
The document summarizes the results of a survey given to students about their movie watching habits. It found that most students were 18 years old and the gender split was even. When asked about movie genres, action was the most popular followed by comedy and other genres like horror and animated films. Most students watch movies online rather than in theaters and only watch 1-3 hours of movies per month. Trailers are an important factor in deciding what movies to watch. Students most often find out about movies online through social media rather than posters.
Several studies and reports from organizations like the NAEYC, APA, and Kaiser Family Foundation found that the amount of violence depicted on television, especially in children's programming and cartoons, has significantly increased since the 1980s. On average, children's shows contain about 20 violent acts per hour and by elementary school, the average child has seen over 8,000 depictions of murder or violence on TV. Experiments show children who watch violent clips are more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior themselves afterwards. Long term studies link heavy television watching in teenagers to later aggression and violence. Violent media is considered a public health threat due to its effects on the brain and potential to influence violent behavior.
This document discusses the issue of fake news and its harmful effects. It notes that fake news has existed for a long time in various media forms and aims to manipulate people. While fact-checking groups work to mitigate the damage of fake news, some people still prefer and spread deliberately false stories for reasons that are debated, such as seeking confirmation of preexisting views or a form of escapism. Examples are given of real-world incidents inspired by fake news stories, showing that fake news can have serious consequences. The document argues that purveyors of deliberately false news should be held accountable when their lies lead directly or indirectly to harm.
This document discusses media piracy and its negative effects on American society. It presents research questions and arguments about how piracy has affected content creators and consumers. Sources used to support the arguments include books, scholarly articles, and websites focused on topics like music industry trends, piracy laws, and consumer behavior around intellectual property theft. The document evaluates the credibility of the sources and their relevance to the positions presented.
This document discusses the history and development of internet pornography from its origins in the early 1990s through bulletin board systems to the present day. It defines pornography and outlines the timeline from the early 1990s when the internet became publicly available to developments like improved streaming media in the 2000s. The document also examines benefits like technological innovations, potential links to reduced crimes, and legal issues around censorship, child pornography, and varying laws globally. In conclusion, it suggests that while internet pornography has downsides, the technologies and economic benefits it has enabled outweigh these issues.
This document discusses who is responsible for protecting children from harm caused by exposure to violent media content. It explores the negative effects that viewing violence on television and online can have on children's behaviors and emotional development. It examines the roles and responsibilities of various groups including parents, the media industry, and media scholars. It also presents a case study of a teenager who murdered his girlfriend after becoming obsessed with the violent TV show Dexter, and discusses what could have potentially prevented this tragic outcome.
NME, Q Magazine, and Mojo Magazine represent individuals, groups, genders, ages, and social issues in different ways based on their target demographics. NME targets a younger audience (15-25) so features younger cover stars and more images. Q and Mojo target an older audience (29+) so include both young and classic artists. All three magazines represent genders equally and avoid stereotypes to allow readers to form their own opinions. Technical elements like page count and house style vary between the magazines based on their weekly or monthly publication schedules and intended audiences.
This document provides information about two photographers - Henri Cartier-Bresson and Adrian Dennis. It discusses Cartier-Bresson's background and style, noting he was a pioneering photojournalist known for candid shots in black and white. It then analyzes one of Cartier-Bresson's landscape photographs that differs from his typical documentary work. The document also provides biographical information about Adrian Dennis and analyzes one of his photographs of Andy Murray celebrating a Wimbledon victory, discussing the photographic techniques used.
The document discusses various camera techniques for controlling depth of field, shutter speed, aperture, ISO, white balance, and post-processing options.
It explains that aperture controls depth of field, with smaller apertures increasing depth of field for landscapes. Shutter speed "freezes" or blurs movement depending on speed. Higher ISO makes the sensor more sensitive to light but adds noise. White balance alters color temperature. Post-processing allows adjusting levels, cropping, dodging and burning, and color.
The document provides a critical analysis of four existing vegetarian recipe cards:
- Recipe 1's photography is cropped rather than cut properly, and its font is dull and wouldn't stand out in a book. However, it looks professional.
- Recipe 2 lacks a photo, so viewers won't know what the finished recipe looks like, making it less appealing.
- Recipe 3 has striking blue and yellow colors but would benefit from a photo.
- Recipe 4 frames its high-quality central photo with dark borders, making it the main focus.
This document discusses responsible journalism and summarizes the NUJ (National Union of Journalists) Codes of Practice. It analyzes examples where some media outlets have failed to adhere to the codes when reporting on groups like asylum seekers and benefit claimers. The codes aim to ensure reporting is fair, accurate, and avoids intrusion into private lives. However, some tabloids have published biased or inaccurate stories without facts, misrepresenting groups and breaking the codes. If journalists follow the guidance, it can help produce balanced coverage that considers social and cultural issues.
The document discusses press regulation policies regarding children and provides examples of cases involving press coverage of children. It notes that media regulation policies on children have evolved over time, as have wider laws related to children. Specific examples are given of cases from the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) and its predecessor the Press Council (PC) dealing with press coverage of children. These include a 1989 case involving labeling a child the "worst brat in Britain" and a 1986 case publishing photos of a Hillsborough victim who was a child. The document analyzes how the press generally represents youth and suggests they are typically portrayed negatively. It also notes inconsistencies in how the PCC has protected some children like Prince William and Prince Harry more strictly than
Media violence refers to the depiction or dissemination of violent or explicit material through various media sources that is considered harmful to viewers. Children in particular spend more time exposed to media than in school, witnessing thousands of acts of violence by age 18. Research shows that viewing media violence is correlated with increased aggressive behavior in youth and may lead to real-world violence. While video games, films, television, and music often contain graphic depictions of violence, determining appropriate restrictions to curb harmful effects while protecting free expression is an ongoing debate.
Subtitle: "The Growing Problem of Sexting Among School-Age Children." A presentation delivered to the Vermont School Boards Association Fall Conference on October 29, 2010, at the Lake Morey Resort in Fairlee, VT.
The document discusses the history and definitions of pornography. It traces pornography back to ancient times in manuals like the Kama Sutra and mentions how it flourished during the Renaissance. The text then outlines some negative effects of pornography such as how it can contribute to psychological and social problems, objectify women, and negatively impact children. It provides statistics on pornography use in American culture. The document concludes by defining pornography from an Islamic perspective and providing tips on how to avoid and overcome addiction to pornography.
The document discusses the debate around whether violence in mass media promotes real-world violence. Some research has found correlations between viewing media violence and increased aggression, citing theories like social learning. However, other research argues this relationship has not been proven and other factors better predict violence. The author concludes that mass media may increase violence in some instances for susceptible individuals, but has not been shown to universally cause violence in all viewers, and other predictors like genetics also influence aggression.
This presentation includes data from 2009 and 2010 on teens and adults sending or receiving sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images by cell phone - also called sexting. Presented to the 2010 conference of the Association of Internet Researchers, the talk includes demographic data on who engages in these behaviors, as well as some teen focus group data on the differences in language used to talk about sexting experiences between boys and girls.
Pornography refers to the depiction of erotic behavior intended to cause sexual excitement. It has existed in various media such as books, photos, and films. Before the internet, pornography was distributed through means like bulletin board systems with adult files available without age verification. The introduction of the internet in the 1990s led to the widespread availability of online pornography. However, this also raised legal issues around depictions of child pornography and obscenity. Countries have different laws governing pornography. In the Philippines, the Anti-Pornography Law of 2009 defines and penalizes illegal pornography. Censorship involves suppressing speech or media deemed objectionable by governments or organizations. It is practiced for moral, political, religious or other
Censorship of media is debated, as it aims to protect audiences but can restrict freedom. Television censorship focuses on protecting children from adult content by enforcing watersheds after 9PM. Breaching watershed rules can result in fines. Advertising is also regulated to prevent exploiting children's susceptibility. Books are sometimes censored for reasons like preventing crime inspiration, though banning books rarely stops determined criminals and restricts ideas. Internet censorship is controversial as it can justifyably block pornography or terrorism but also oppressively limit political ideas or free speech. Overall censorship aims to protect but must avoid going too far in restricting freedoms.
Censorship takes several forms including the suppression of speech, political views, print media, and the internet. In the US, censorship has a long history dating back to the late 18th century. The FCC regulates content on public airwaves, censoring songs between 6am-10pm when children are likely listening. However, censorship methods are not always effective and can be inconsistently applied. Political censorship involves governments concealing or distorting information to control the political views of its citizens. Internet censorship also aims to control the flow of information and is commonly practiced by authoritarian regimes. Censorship in schools centers around protecting children from sensitive topics but may prevent their development and understanding of real world issues.
This is a presentation I gave about my PhD topic at the North West Gender Conference. It is about the role of gender in 'youth sexting' - young people creating and sharing sexual images of themselves via technology. I discuss background info and the direction of my research.
The document summarizes the results of a survey given to students about their movie watching habits. It found that most students were 18 years old and the gender split was even. When asked about movie genres, action was the most popular followed by comedy and other genres like horror and animated films. Most students watch movies online rather than in theaters and only watch 1-3 hours of movies per month. Trailers are an important factor in deciding what movies to watch. Students most often find out about movies online through social media rather than posters.
Several studies and reports from organizations like the NAEYC, APA, and Kaiser Family Foundation found that the amount of violence depicted on television, especially in children's programming and cartoons, has significantly increased since the 1980s. On average, children's shows contain about 20 violent acts per hour and by elementary school, the average child has seen over 8,000 depictions of murder or violence on TV. Experiments show children who watch violent clips are more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior themselves afterwards. Long term studies link heavy television watching in teenagers to later aggression and violence. Violent media is considered a public health threat due to its effects on the brain and potential to influence violent behavior.
This document discusses the issue of fake news and its harmful effects. It notes that fake news has existed for a long time in various media forms and aims to manipulate people. While fact-checking groups work to mitigate the damage of fake news, some people still prefer and spread deliberately false stories for reasons that are debated, such as seeking confirmation of preexisting views or a form of escapism. Examples are given of real-world incidents inspired by fake news stories, showing that fake news can have serious consequences. The document argues that purveyors of deliberately false news should be held accountable when their lies lead directly or indirectly to harm.
This document discusses media piracy and its negative effects on American society. It presents research questions and arguments about how piracy has affected content creators and consumers. Sources used to support the arguments include books, scholarly articles, and websites focused on topics like music industry trends, piracy laws, and consumer behavior around intellectual property theft. The document evaluates the credibility of the sources and their relevance to the positions presented.
This document discusses the history and development of internet pornography from its origins in the early 1990s through bulletin board systems to the present day. It defines pornography and outlines the timeline from the early 1990s when the internet became publicly available to developments like improved streaming media in the 2000s. The document also examines benefits like technological innovations, potential links to reduced crimes, and legal issues around censorship, child pornography, and varying laws globally. In conclusion, it suggests that while internet pornography has downsides, the technologies and economic benefits it has enabled outweigh these issues.
This document discusses who is responsible for protecting children from harm caused by exposure to violent media content. It explores the negative effects that viewing violence on television and online can have on children's behaviors and emotional development. It examines the roles and responsibilities of various groups including parents, the media industry, and media scholars. It also presents a case study of a teenager who murdered his girlfriend after becoming obsessed with the violent TV show Dexter, and discusses what could have potentially prevented this tragic outcome.
NME, Q Magazine, and Mojo Magazine represent individuals, groups, genders, ages, and social issues in different ways based on their target demographics. NME targets a younger audience (15-25) so features younger cover stars and more images. Q and Mojo target an older audience (29+) so include both young and classic artists. All three magazines represent genders equally and avoid stereotypes to allow readers to form their own opinions. Technical elements like page count and house style vary between the magazines based on their weekly or monthly publication schedules and intended audiences.
This document provides information about two photographers - Henri Cartier-Bresson and Adrian Dennis. It discusses Cartier-Bresson's background and style, noting he was a pioneering photojournalist known for candid shots in black and white. It then analyzes one of Cartier-Bresson's landscape photographs that differs from his typical documentary work. The document also provides biographical information about Adrian Dennis and analyzes one of his photographs of Andy Murray celebrating a Wimbledon victory, discussing the photographic techniques used.
The document discusses various camera techniques for controlling depth of field, shutter speed, aperture, ISO, white balance, and post-processing options.
It explains that aperture controls depth of field, with smaller apertures increasing depth of field for landscapes. Shutter speed "freezes" or blurs movement depending on speed. Higher ISO makes the sensor more sensitive to light but adds noise. White balance alters color temperature. Post-processing allows adjusting levels, cropping, dodging and burning, and color.
The document provides a critical analysis of four existing vegetarian recipe cards:
- Recipe 1's photography is cropped rather than cut properly, and its font is dull and wouldn't stand out in a book. However, it looks professional.
- Recipe 2 lacks a photo, so viewers won't know what the finished recipe looks like, making it less appealing.
- Recipe 3 has striking blue and yellow colors but would benefit from a photo.
- Recipe 4 frames its high-quality central photo with dark borders, making it the main focus.
This document discusses responsible journalism and summarizes the NUJ (National Union of Journalists) Codes of Practice. It analyzes examples where some media outlets have failed to adhere to the codes when reporting on groups like asylum seekers and benefit claimers. The codes aim to ensure reporting is fair, accurate, and avoids intrusion into private lives. However, some tabloids have published biased or inaccurate stories without facts, misrepresenting groups and breaking the codes. If journalists follow the guidance, it can help produce balanced coverage that considers social and cultural issues.
The document discusses various camera techniques including aperture, shutter speed, ISO settings, and white balance. It provides detailed explanations of how each setting works and its effects on the photograph. Aperture controls depth of field, with smaller apertures increasing depth of field. Shutter speed determines how movement is captured, with faster speeds freezing action and slower speeds showing movement trails. ISO makes the sensor more or less sensitive to light, with higher ISOs increasing noise. White balance alters color tones to match lighting conditions. Examples are given showing the visual impact of different settings.
The document describes the steps taken to create a page layout in Adobe InDesign. It discusses placing an image, adding text boxes, using the text wrap tool to fit text around the image, rearranging text between boxes to establish a pattern, adding a 3x3 grid layout with 5mm gutters, including a drop capital by adjusting paragraph settings, and adding a title using the text tool. The final layout utilized grids and guidelines to clearly present an article.
This document discusses ideas and concepts for developing the design of an energy drink brand. It begins by outlining 4 initial ideas, including targeting older demographics, females, extra strength drinks, and younger audiences. It then provides details on potential names, images, audiences, concepts, colors, fonts and copywriting for advertising. Several mind maps are included showing additional name and branding ideas. The document concludes by presenting experiments with different font styles, effects, and color schemes to find an eye-catching and readable design. The focus is on contrasting colors like black to make the branding stand out on store shelves.
Censorship blocks certain content from being seen or heard. It aims to protect audiences, especially children, from obscene, harmful, or offensive material. However, censorship also limits freedom of expression and access to information. While it may protect some groups, censorship can be misused and curb creativity. Ultimately, many argue parents, not governments, should decide what content is appropriate for children. A balance must be found between protection and freedom.
This document discusses censorship and whether it is a good or bad idea. It provides examples of how censorship is used to protect children and religious views by restricting inappropriate content. However, censorship can also be seen as a bad idea as it limits freedom of speech and expression. The effects of media consumption are also debated, with some arguing that violent games and videos can increase aggressive behavior in children and others believing that media does not directly cause harm. The document discusses how censorship aims to prevent psychological harm but can also harm freedom. Overall it examines the complex debate around censorship and both the potential benefits and drawbacks.
This document discusses the debate around censorship and its potential benefits and drawbacks. It notes that censorship aims to protect individuals like children from inappropriate or harmful content. However, censorship may also infringe on privacy and freedom of expression. The effects of media consumption are also debated, with some arguing it can influence behaviors while others say direct effects are unclear. The document examines different views around what content should and should not be censored, as well as debates around who should make decisions about what children access.
The document discusses arguments for and against censorship in various media such as films, television, video games, books, and the internet. It provides examples of instances where media exposure was blamed for violent acts. The author believes censorship is important to protect children but should allow some freedom of expression. Parents and government should provide guidelines but allow flexibility. While books pose less risk than visual media, all forms could influence people negatively depending on content and individual circumstances.
Censorship involves the suppression or prohibition of parts of media deemed obscene or unacceptable. There are arguments both for and against censorship. In the UK, the BBFC both censors and rates films to restrict certain content to certain age groups. Censorship aims to protect privacy, for example by omitting names from news stories, and to prevent offense, though it can limit artistic freedom. While censorship of explicitly sexual content in schools is reasonable, banning books solely due to their discussion of LGBT topics is overly limiting. Censorship is also useful for protecting the privacy of individuals like criminals who have served their sentences. Overall, censorship is a nuanced issue, and not always necessary in every situation.
The document discusses the arguments for and against censorship. It notes that censorship is defined as the suppression of speech or communication deemed objectionable by a controlling body. While censorship may protect children and society from harmful content, it can also give certain groups like government or religion too much power over what information is available and foster dictatorships. The document concludes that censorship should be limited and power over it passed to a non-government body intended only to protect society rather than any political agenda.
Censorship involves the suppression or prohibition of media content that is considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security. In the UK, the BBFC rates films to restrict certain content to certain age groups, while the ASA regulates advertising content. There are arguments on both sides of censorship - it can protect privacy but also limits media and restricts what audiences can access. One example of a positive use of censorship is protecting the identities and privacy of criminals, like the murderers Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, after they served their sentences.
This document discusses potential topics for a community video project and their advantages and disadvantages. It considers focusing on young crime like theft, which is rising locally. Advantages are raising awareness of an important issue and helping victims, while disadvantages include the time needed for interviews. Another topic is underage smoking, with advantages of discouraging risky behavior through visuals of health effects, but disadvantages such as finding people willing to share stories. A third topic is recycling and waste management to educate youth on preserving the environment, with the main advantage being addressing a pressing global issue.
The document discusses censorship and whether it should be banned. It considers different views on censorship of books, TV shows, films and video games. While censorship aims to protect people, it can be harmful by altering creative works or implying that certain groups or topics should be hidden. The document concludes that censorship should be banned, as consumers can make their own choices about what media to engage with, and there are already systems like ratings and watersheds to help guide viewing. Overall, censorship claims to protect but ultimately limits free expression and the individual's right to choose.
The document discusses potential topics for a community video project, including young crime, underage smoking, and recycling/waste management. For young crime, the document outlines interviewing former young criminals and crime victims to discuss the impacts of crime. However, this may be difficult and time-consuming. Recycling/waste is presented as an important issue to address through education, but filming at landfills could present safety issues. Underage smoking could effectively showcase smoking's harms, but finding willing participants may be challenging given health privacy and embarrassment. The document weighs the advantages and disadvantages of each topic.
The document discusses potential topics for a community video project, including young crime, underage smoking, and recycling/waste management. For the young crime topic, the document outlines interviewing former young criminals and crime victims to discuss the impacts of crime. However, it notes disadvantages like the significant time needed for interviews and legal consent. For underage smoking, the goal would be to visually show smoking's health effects but issues include finding willing participants and addressing topics appropriately for young audiences. Regarding recycling, the document proposes educating about waste management's role in climate change but notes safety concerns filming landfills and potential resistance from those questioned about waste practices.
The document discusses various topics around censorship and censorship debates. It presents arguments for and against censorship of different media such as films, video games, books, and news/government information. It also discusses who should decide what content is censored, the influence of advertising including on children, and whether people should be granted gagging orders to prevent certain information about them being reported by the press.
Essayer Wow Mist Of Pandaria. Online assignment writing service.Amanda Anderson
The document discusses two classic coming of age stories: A White Heron by Sarah Orne Jewett and The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger. It notes that coming of age stories typically involve a young protagonist making an important decision that marks their transition to adulthood. The stories show the characters shifting from innocence to gaining experiences. The document will provide an analysis of how these two stories exemplify common themes in the coming of age genre.
Censorship aims to protect children and vulnerable groups by restricting certain content but can also limit information and opinions. The essay discusses censorship in different contexts. Censorship of inappropriate internet content and media is generally supported to shield children, but banning books for adults is not agreed with. Censorship in education that only teaches one view is also problematic. Overall censorship is a complex issue with arguments on both sides.
Media audience theory has evolved over time from seeing audiences as passive receivers easily manipulated by media (the hypodermic syringe model) to recognizing that audiences are active meaning-makers who bring their own experiences and perspectives. More recent models (uses and gratifications, reception analysis) see audiences as choosing media to fulfill various needs and individually interpreting meanings in texts based on factors like gender, social position and context. No single theory can fully explain the complex relationship between audiences and media.
This document discusses censorship and whether it is good or bad. It provides examples of when censorship may be considered good, such as protecting children from inappropriate content online or in media. However, it also gives examples where censorship is not necessary, such as banning books aimed at adult audiences. The document concludes that while censorship can be good for blocking harmful content like pornography or violence online, it should not be used to limit access to information or theories for educational purposes.
The document describes a book report about the author's experience working as a fiberglass inspector in Lianyungang, China. It discusses the industrial nature of the city and details some of the local attractions the author explored, including Huanguo Mountain which is featured in a famous Chinese novel. The mountain hike provided beautiful scenery and cultural sites like temples.
This document discusses the issue of child cyber pornography as a "wicked problem". It notes that the problem is growing due to increased internet usage, and many of the perpetrators are people in positions of authority like teachers or police officers. It explores how psychology can help understand the motivations and mindsets of both offenders and law enforcement. While laws aim to punish this crime, it remains difficult to monitor given billions of internet users. The document calls for more research on predicting and preventing these crimes from a young age by identifying potential mental illnesses or defects in infants through medical testing.
This document provides an overview and analysis of the film Fight Club using various audience theory frameworks. It discusses the Hypodermic Model, Encoding/Decoding Model, and Uses and Gratifications Theory as applied to the film. It also summarizes the film's plot, release information, and the BBFC's rating of the film as an 18 despite some countries releasing it as a 15. Key details about the film and how audience theories help explain different audience interpretations are analyzed.
Pitching is an important skill for entrepreneurs. To create an effective pitch, focus on clearly explaining your product or service, how it benefits customers, and how it will generate revenue. Keep the pitch concise by highlighting only the most important details in 3 minutes or less to engage potential investors or partners.
Pitch is a short summary of an idea or product in order to interest investors or customers. It should be brief and highlight the problem, solution, and call to action in 3 sentences or less. The document provides the name "Pitch" and "Task 10" as the title with "Patrick Gouldsbrough" likely being the author or presenter.
Here is a comparison of the original intentions versus the resulting outcomes for the key elements of this project:
Logo Design:
- Original intention was for a literal design featuring litter in the shape of a surfer to directly represent Surfers Against Sewage.
- Resulting outcome was a more abstract wave design using contrasting colors to make it eye-catching while positively representing surfing.
Poster:
- Originally wanted to use only positive imagery to promote SAS in a positive light
- Realized negative imagery works better to grab attention and elicit an emotional response, so resulting poster used slogans and listing of threatened beaches.
Merchandise:
- Initially wanted to directly adapt unused logo designs onto products
This document discusses case studies of Greenpeace and the NHS and their social media campaigns. For Greenpeace, the purposes of their campaigns are to raise awareness of environmental issues like global warming, change attitudes towards pollution, and challenge agendas that don't prioritize protecting the planet. Their techniques use bold colors and fonts to emphasize key messages and graphic images to depict potential consequences of inaction. For the NHS, the purposes of their anti-smoking campaigns are to change public attitudes towards smoking and raise awareness of health risks, like the link between smoking and cancer. Both campaigns aim to educate the public and encourage behavior change on important social issues.
This document summarizes a case study about a campaign by the University of Kent to promote careers in media for ethnic minority students. The purposes of the campaign are to bring about national change by increasing diversity in UK media, change attitudes about racial inequality in employment, raise awareness of the lack of representation of ethnic minorities in media jobs, and create more access and opportunities for non-traditional groups. The campaign aims to both inform ethnic minority students about career opportunities and educate non-ethnic groups about the inequality faced by ethnic minorities in media industries. Key techniques used in the campaign materials include using bold text to clearly communicate the purpose upfront and providing information and resources to build relationships with target audiences.
The document discusses the evaluation of various logo, membership form, merchandise, and poster designs created for Surfers Against Sewage. For the logo design, the author notes that their initial design featuring litter in the shape of a surfer fulfilled the purpose but was not eye-catching enough. Their subsequent surf-themed logo was more positive and customizable. For the membership form, the author's initial leaflet design fulfilled the content purpose but had layout issues. They improved it by changing to a booklet format. Some merchandise designs like a cushion were not effective. The author realized posters needed negative imagery to stand out, against their initial goal of positive imagery.
The document discusses final designs for Task 8. It was authored by Patrick Gouldsbrough and appears to pertain to a design project involving multiple tasks. The brief title and author name provide limited contextual information about the specific contents or purpose of the document.
The document outlines plans for a poster design. It discusses choosing simple sans serif fonts for readability. Potential color choices are considered, including lighter blues that appeal to all demographics or incorporating the logo's blue. Text amount is debated - too much bores readers but some information is needed to explain the charity's work and goals. Mockups show main copy over or within the logo with social media/website details. The final design may differ from these initial concepts.
The document discusses the development of a campaign poster for a client. It considers whether to use positive or negative themes, and decides on positive themes to appeal to a wider audience. Font, color, and image choices are explored to target multiple demographics and present a cohesive product range. Various fonts, colors, and images are considered before narrowing options down based on testing designs and ensuring appeal across age, gender, and social groups.
The document discusses potential merchandise ideas for an environmental charity called SAS. It analyzes t-shirts, bags, posters, coffee cups, phone cases, and towels as potential merchandise options. T-shirts are identified as a popular, profitable option while bags would be more difficult to mass produce. Posters are suggested as an inexpensive impulse purchase. Coffee cups could sell through convenience rather than impulse. Phone cases are deemed inappropriate due to environmental concerns. Towels may not have high enough demand compared to other options. The document also notes some existing logo and design ideas that could be applied to merchandise, as well as other potential product types not featured on the mood board.
The document discusses the design of a membership form for a charity called SAS that works to reduce beach litter. It will include imagery to appeal to a mass market, short statistics and social media comments to encourage membership, enticing offers for new and existing members, direct debit information and payment methods to allow donations, and the charity's tagline and logo to increase familiarity. The goal is to promote the charity and increase its followers and popularity through an effective membership form and rebranding.
The document discusses final designs for Task 8. It was authored by Patrick Gouldsbrough and appears to pertain to a design project involving multiple tasks. The document title and author provide high-level context but no other details about the specific designs or task are included in the short document.
This document contains a SWOT analysis for a proposed new MP3 player that allows streaming music from Spotify. Some strengths identified include the innovative streaming feature, ability to undercut Apple's prices, and potential to break into the market. Weaknesses include potential issues streaming without internet and lack of brand recognition. Opportunities lie in partnerships, future product iterations, and resurrecting the MP3 format. Threats include over-reliance on Spotify, technical issues, inability to compete with Apple, and unresolved issues from past MP3 players like battery life.
The document discusses creating mood boards for different target demographics of a product range for Surfers Against Sewage (SAS). It analyzes including social media posts to appeal to younger audiences, using bright colors and professional/amateur surfers to inspire women, and focusing on challenges and competition to attract men. Color schemes and fonts are selected accordingly - bright for youth, pastel for women, and darker tones for men. Images of clean beaches and SAS advocacy are included to showcase the charity's goals and impact. The document emphasizes using clear, readable fonts and experimenting with combinations of imagery, colors and styles to determine the most effective design.
The document discusses ideas for promotional posters for Surfers Against Sewage (SAS), a charity that campaigns against ocean pollution. It considers whether the posters should use positive or negative imagery. It also discusses whether the layout should be busy or clear, and what type of fonts would be most effective. While negative imagery and bold fonts have traditionally worked well for SAS, the document notes that a fresh approach using positive messaging or a clearer layout could help SAS expand its reach and impact. Any design choices would need to be carefully considered to avoid losing recognition or interest from the target audience.
This document discusses several posters and logos created by Surfers Against Sewage (SAS) to raise awareness about the dangers of littering and dumping waste in oceans and waterways.
The first poster uses imagery of a plastic bag shaped like a shark to personify the threat of litter to surfers. It aims to build relationships and raise awareness among the general public. Another poster employs dark colors and negative imagery like a piece of litter shaped like a noose to strongly impact viewers.
The document analyzes the visual design elements, intended messages, and effectiveness of SAS's branding over time as the organization worked to establish recognition and expand from a local to national initiative on a limited budget. It provides suggestions for experiment
This document summarizes a case study about a campaign by the University of Kent to promote careers in media for ethnic minority students. The purposes of the campaign are to bring about national change by increasing diversity in UK media, change attitudes about racial inequality in employment, raise awareness of the lack of representation of ethnic minorities in media jobs, and create more access and opportunities for non-traditional groups. The campaign aims to both inform ethnic minority students about career opportunities and educate non-ethnic groups about the inequality faced by ethnic minorities in media industries. Key techniques used in the campaign materials include using bold text to clearly communicate the purpose upfront and providing information and resources to build relationships with target audiences.
James Argent is a 55-year-old rock artist launching his first solo album "In the Wind" after previously being in the band Masonic Temple. The objectives for the album are to establish Argent as a solo artist with his own fanbase rather than being associated with his previous band, regain some fans of Masonic Temple who may have been divided after the band split, and sell 200,000 copies of the album within 3 months. The target audience includes previous Masonic Temple fans aged 50-55 as well as new, younger fans attracted by the album's soft rock and alternative genres. Publicity for the album would focus on magazines like MOJO and Q, TV shows on mainstream channels, and radio stations like Radio 2
James Argent is a 55-year-old rock artist launching his first solo album "In the Wind" after previously being in the band Masonic Temple. The objectives for the album are to establish Argent as a solo artist with his own fanbase rather than being associated with his previous band, target both existing fans of Masonic Temple as well as new fans interested in soft rock/alternative genres, and sell over 200,000 copies of the album within 3 months. The key messages that will be communicated are that this album shows Argent's ability to adapt genres and should be viewed as the work of a solo artist rather than a continuation of Masonic Temple.
This SWOT analysis examines a proposed new MP3 player that would stream music from Spotify. Strengths include the innovative streaming feature, ability to undercut Apple's prices, and potential to break into the market. Weaknesses are lack of offline functionality, potential need for dual storage of personal music, and lack of advanced features. Opportunities exist to compete with Apple on price and emulate Spotify's success, while threats include increased royalty demands and hacking risks from internet reliance.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. Task 4 - Is censorship a good or bad idea?
Censorship has widely dictated the media industry; whether it’s been debated by society, or
helped prevent explicit materials in media products. The dictionary definition of censorship
states that: “Censorship is the suppression of speech or other public communication which
may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect or inconvenient as
determined by a government, media outlet or other controlling body”. This topic is very
controversial and is a key area that can sometimes come under scrutiny from all walks of
society.
Censorship is a good idea because it prevents young children viewing explicit material that
they may be too young to view. This maybe in terms of internet censorship, as well as print,
broadcast and digital media forms. These various censorships allow children to be protected
from this harmful content, while enabling their parents to not worry about the graphic
products their child could potentially be consuming. Censorships must be in place because
at such a young age, young children may not be in control of their own actions, or in terms
of media, thoughts.
Should content be banned for
young consumers? Should they
be exercising their human right
to view all content?
On the other hand, young children can be still responsible, to a certain extent, what they
consume in terms of media. This doesn’t mean censorship should be removed altogether;
however, censorship could maybe be relaxed because the censorship on films, the internet
and wider society, is preventing the human rights of most young consumers.
In terms of film censorship, it is in place to ensure people who are below the required age
cannot view products that have been deemed too harmful or explicit to be shared with this
young audience. Therefore, a law or procedure that protects a certain demographic has to
be a good one. An example to back up this point of view is the James Bulger case. This is a
relevant example because the film, Childs play 3, was the main talking point in this case,
2. which was rated an 18. The outline of the story states that two ten year olds, Robert
Thompson and John Venables viewed this particular ‘video nasty’ before committing the
murder of 3 year old James Bulger. This is therefore a strong case in support of why films
should be heavily certified in terms of age, which, in turn, is a form of censorship.
However, young adults of 16 and 17 that are near the 18 rated film brackets may find that
the censorship is too harsh. These 16 and 17 year olds may wish to consume these films and
feel nothing in the product will be branded ‘harmful’ by them. In this case, censorship will
be a bad idea and one that may and should be changed.
Should films have the strict age ratings or just guidelines?
3. No one type of media should be censored especially. This is because explicit material is
available on all the media platforms, therefore, making it difficult to just censor one of the
three platforms. Over the years, broadcast products like Saw, Titanic and 2012 have all been
banned from various countries. In terms of the print platform, D.H Lawrence’s Lady
Chatterley’s Lover and Peter Wright’s Spycatcher were banned from the UK over the years.
One of them for an explicit portrayal of cross-class romance and the other for revealing
secrets, due to the author been a former MI5 officer. The last form, digital, has had many
banned sites such as The Pirate Bay, which was a file sharing site. This particular media
platform is so vast that to try and find every single site to block will be a difficult task. All
these examples support the claim that not one media platform should be heavily censored
compared to the others.
I
Media products that were banned/censored
out by the Governments of various countries.
Should a certain platform be censored rather
than them all?
n comparison, the broadcast and digital platforms should be censored more heavily than the
print one. This is due to the new technological age making print products less popular and
the other two more so. This would therefore mean younger children would be able to view
more explicit content, or accidently find themselves consuming this kind of content on a
digital or broadcast platform, rather than a print one.
Libraries in the UK don’t currently censor the books they put on the shelves. Censorship on
books in these establishments needs to be in place. This is because libraries have sections
for different kinds of genre, but don’t have anything in place to prevent children from
reading any other genre within the library. This, as stated in the censorship definition, is
harmful to the child. Previously mentioned Lady Chatterley’s lover is further evidence that
libraries should carry out censorship of what they put on their shelves.
On the other hand, children have freedom to knowledge, as Sager states in 1997. Libraries
should continue not censoring content from libraries because by not doing so, the minds of
the future generations are getting developed. In terms of adult’s intellect, by not censoring
material, adults can also extend their knowledge.
Censorship isn’t harmful; it protects all kinds of people from causing and receiving harm. It
protects children from viewing explicit content, it protects people from information been
4. made public about them, it prevents warfare, while having many other functions beside. An
example of where censorship/gagging orders protect people is the Ryan Giggs super
injunction. This court order allowed harmful information to be contained between the
parties involved. However, in this case, the censorship wasn’t enough for the information to
be leaked, which wasn’t due to the flaw of the censorship, more of the interest of the public
that grew.
The story surfaced due to public pressure and
interest of the public, not because of the
censorship/gagging order been flawed.
Although, censorship can be harmful towards groups and individuals. The innocent party
isn’t always the one that gets censorship on content; the guilty member in the wrong
sometimes gets it. This leads to harm to the innocent or oppressed in terms of mental harm
caused by the content that was censored and the fact they can’t discuss any facts of it. An
example of this would be the gagging order Andrew Marr took out against a fellow
journalist, regarding an affair. There would be no innocent party in most cases, however, he
got the injunction in 2008 and by the time it broke to the public in 2011, his family were
aware of the fact. This therefore concurs that the innocent party was in fact Andrew Marr’s
family, which, I’m sure, but never revealed, was harmful regarding themselves.
The injunction was harmful to Andrew Marr’s family in
this case.
5. We have high censorship on video games and films, while we don’t on books for a number
of different reasons. One of those reasons is because books and print products have been
around for a lot longer than video games and films, which means the laws on them will also
be from a long time ago. Another reason can be put down to the physical image of a
product, which affects the mind more than a written form.
Censorship should be the same for all these three media products because they contain
similar, or the same explicit material. This includes when films are adapted from books or
vice versa, it’s the same story but one version is censored, whereas the other one is free
from censorship. Like the idea from before, books should be subject to censorship because
of the same content present in them compared to broadcast platforms of media. A good
example of this would be the Harry Potter series. This film collection was adapted from
books, which has some content that wasn’t included in the films, some of which was due to
film censorship, which, as we know, print products are free from.
Should print products be subject to censorship like
films, especially if the films were adapted from books?
Censorship shouldn’t be the same for books as films and video games because they don’t
promote the same violent or harmful ideas that the other two do. The material available on
films and videos and games affects people’s minds due to the physical product, which, in
essence, is showing them how to carry out these acts. The Denver shooting case explains
the point well. James Holmes, a resident of the area, had dressed like The Joker from The
Batman film franchise and carried out a massacre at a cinema in Denver. This proves that
the effect of a film and the actions of the characters resulted in a change in behaviour of an
individual. The same can’t be said for a print product, which has never led to a mass tragedy
of note.
6. In this case, a film may have been a reason for the events that
occurred in Denver in July 2012
Age restrictions on films and video games, compared to books is also a talking point. The
same can be said here as for high censorship on the same products, the physical product
harms people more than the written form. Age restrictions are in place because they help
people younger than the restrictions stay harm free from such explicit content. However,
children won’t be harmed by the written words because they are not subjected to see the
actions of violence or otherwise.
However, books still contain the same graphic content in them and could and should be
censored. If people are constantly viewing these products, regardless of the platform, it will
cause the individual harm. For example, this book, unlike Harry potter, is adapted from the
film. From this you should be able to deduce that the book should be treated the same as
the film in terms of censorship, instead, the censored parts of the film are still present in the
print based product. In terms of video games, adaptations of books are changed to fit a
video game specification. The same is said for this product compared to films; the content is
censored and has age restrictions, whereas the raw, unchanged book is the original and has
no age restrictions whatsoever, this is why age restrictions should be added to books. Video
games like Lord of the rings have to be stripped down and censored to fit the age
demographic, whereas books don’t have to do this. Plus, due to no age restrictions, people
younger than the required video game age can read the print product that is much more
graphic and harmful freely.
?
The book in question,
should it be treated the
same as films and video
games?
Should books be subject to the same age restrictions as
video games and films? The content in both are similar
so you would think so.
7. At the moment, the government is mainly in command of censorship across the UK. Even
though media producers still have a say in their media products and the censorship, if the
government wants it altered or banned, the media producer must oblige.
Censorship rights should still be controlled by the government because they are in charge of
the public’s wellbeing in everyday life, including media. Therefore they will know if a
product could be harmful or viewed as insensitive to a certain percentage, if not the whole
of society. Some examples of products that have been banned in the UK are below and
further the argument that the government should regulate censorship in terms of media
products.
A handful of products that have been banned by the UK Government in past years:
Manhunt 2 (2009) –The uncut version was banned for excessive violence; the game had to be censored
to fit the requirements.
Carmageddon (1997)–The first version of it featured humans as the victims of graphic violence. The
producer got round it by replacing humans with zombies.
Spycatcher (1985) – Had to be cut because it revealed secrets of MI5, due to Peter Wright been an
assistant director of the secret organisation.
Ulysses (1922) – It was banned for sexual content in the UK, this kind hadn’t been seen much previously
and a copy wasn’t available until 1930.
The Well of loneliness (1928) – Banned by the UK government for having lesbian themes. At this time,
sexual orientation was far from equal. The book was then republished in 1949.
However, the creator of the initial product should have more say in the matter and should
replace the government in the decision to alter or censor a product. This is due to the
person who actually produced the product, intended it to be however graphic or explicit it
ended up. This should then be communicated to the audience in its raw/unedited form, to
get the full effect of the product. An example where no government intervention has still
led to a film been altered and censored by the media producer is A clockwork orange.
Stanley Kubrick, the director of the film, cut 30 seconds of sexual content out of the US
8. version to get the film from an X rated to an R rated movie. This honesty and self-censorship
from the director cements the claim that the media producers should replace the
government in decisions regarding censorship of media products.
A clockwork orange,
censored by Stanley
Kubrick. Should more
directors decide on
doing this instead of
the government?
Ideas in the classroom help generate response from students and aid the development of
their education. The idea that some ideas shouldn’t be viewed/voiced in the classroom has
been long debated by politicians, educational bodies and even media outlets. A line must
been drawn somewhere of course, negative ideas and such should not be discussed, as
agreed by all involved; however, the line is different for individual groups it seems.
Ideas shouldn’t be banned in the classroom because different people’s views and ideas can
help shape and decide on your own set of ideologies. As long as the views and ideas
expressed are a true representation of what’s happening and it isn’t negatively affecting an
individual young person’s mind set then no idea should be banned from a classroom.
However, ideas found in a primary school won’t be the ideas that are going round in a
secondary/high school, so they must be altered and edited to be more age appropriate if all
ideas are been expressed in classrooms. Another reason why ideas shouldn’t be banned
from the classroom is one already discussed, which is: “children have freedom to
knowledge” Sagen(1997). The two points together helps to explain why ideas cannot and
should not be hidden from children within schools and classrooms.
In comparison, some ideas should be banned from classrooms because some confuse and
pollute the minds of young people. Curriculum for Key stage one primary school student’s
states that war as a topic must be taught. Obviously some content must be censored, but
should the whole unit be discussed or should it be censored? The topic that is been taught
could be a bit harmful or sensitive to young people. In addition, as the dictionary definition
states, censorship is “the suppression of speech or other public communication which may
be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect or inconvenient as
determined by a government, media outlet or other controlling body”.
9. Should some ideas be removed out of the
classroom or even censored? Can you prevent
knowledge from students?
Gagging orders are a legal order made by court, which restricts and conceals information
been made public by any of the parties involved within the said subject.
Gagging orders should be granted to people because some information that could be leaked
to the public may be harmful or may damage someone’s image and reputation. Another
reason why a gagging order should be handed out is the fact that it might be more
beneficial to all parties if a gagging order is taken out. A high profile example of a gagging
order is that of world number 1 golfer Tiger Woods. He won an injunction/gagging order to
prevent newspapers publishing stories about his private life. The reports before the
injunction wrecked his image to start with, but his reputation could have taken even more
of a hit if British media would have been allowed to report on his affair.
Tiger Woods was granted an
injunction on the British media
reporting on his private life, should
this happen or should the accused be
analysed?
Gagging orders shouldn’t be granted because, like stated before, the victim may get a
gagging order against them, not the individual in the wrong. This puts the victim in a very
vulnerable and threatened state, which they shouldn’t have been put in to start with.
Another reason why gagging orders shouldn’t be granted is because normal members of the
public have to deal with information, both true and false, been said about them. Should
celebrities be treated any different from the rest? You may argue that the average person
won’t have every media outlet reporting about them, but if celebs feel the need for a
gagging order, they must have done something that is worth hiding, which, in most cases, is
negative. An example of where a gagging order wasn’t granted but if granted, the victim
would have been silenced was the John Terry ‘injunction’. This involved a story of John Terry
sleeping with team-mate, Wayne Bridge’s girlfriend. Terry tried to get a gagging order on
the media and those involved, but instead, it backfired and was one of the biggest sporting
10. controversies of that year. If this said gagging order would have gone through, Wayne
Bridge, the victim, would have to bide his silence and would be prevented from telling the
events of the story. This is therefore why gagging orders shouldn’t be granted, innocent
people are kept in the dark, when they should be the ones who are unmasking the accused.
John Terry didn’t get an injunction granted,
should he be allowed to? And if yes, why should
he be treated differently to the rest of society?
The media effects theory involves how media products impact on society and also how
society impacts the media as a whole. This theory also incorporates how exposure of a
certain product can impact on the view of the consumer. The media effects theory also
helps to explain moral panics, which is the feeling a scenario is out of control and therefore
presents a threat to the moral hierarchy. A good example to help explain both parts of this
theory is the previously mentioned Childs play 3. As established already, the two ten year
old boys who killed three year old James Bulger in Liverpool, were exposed to this media
product, which was then adjudged to have impacted them to commit this murder. However,
the part after the death lead to moral panics to the certain 'video nasty' that had allegedly
caused this crime. Due to this moral panic, the government had to act, banning the product
from shops and rental places, while the public got rid of their copies. The outcome had
stemmed all the way from a moral panic and therefore the media effects theory, which
therefore shows that media does have an effect on people and their views/actions.
The front of a newspaper that instructs people to burn
the VHS that was causing the widespread moral panic.
11. Advertising is a big part of the consumerist society we live in today. Without them, we
wouldn't be aware of new products, and due to new products coming from somewhere,
revenue would be down to a new low. Advertising can be broadcast over all three media
platforms, have many shapes or forms, from leaflets to moving image pieces, advertising is
everywhere.
We are influenced by advertising because it helps us or entices it to buy certain products.
Without even noticing, we consume and subconsciously purchase items that we have seen
advertised in the products we consume, which includes magazines, television or websites.
An example that helps support this argument is the beer brand, Guinness. In 1999 they
produced an advertisement that depicted horses surfing waves, which years later was voted
number one in top adverts of all time. In the particular year that the advert was produced,
Guinness's sales were up by nearly 6% from the previous year. This just goes to show the
power of advertising and the effect it could have on the consumer.
This commercial rose sales of Guinness by almost 6%,
does advertising really boost sales and affect the advert
consumer that much?
However, as an audience, I don't think we are affected by advertisement as much as first
thought. Although it is a big part of sales and revenue, advertisement doesn't set companies
sales in stone and the passive nature of consumers is looked at, while the theory of active
audiences is overlooked. This passive audience is more likely to purchase products because
of the adverts, while active audiences at least weigh up the option and actually look at the
product before making their mind up. An example of where advertising hasn't affected a
company is Rolls-Royce. This luxury car firm doesn't rely on adverts for revenue, instead
relying on the reputation of the company and its products. You would think this has resulted
in a loss in profits, however, in 2012; Rolls-Royce beat a 107 year old record sale of cars in a
year. This is evidence that companies don't need advertising to still generate huge profit and
revenue and therefore shows audiences aren't affected by adverts and aren't as passive as
first thought.
12. Rolls-Royce don't advertise their
products, instead relying on their good
name and products to generate profit.
Is this a good way to go about things
or would they make even more if they
did advertise?
Advertising aimed at children is very censored and like many other adverts, highly effective
in the selling of products. Junk food advertisements have been cut down in previous years,
replaced by healthy advertisements.
I think adverts for children should be banned because a young mind is maybe one that can't
make a decision for themselves yet, therefore, exploiting the children to buy products, if not
get their parents to buy the products. Another reason why we should ban advertising aimed
at children is because the products featured on the adverts maybe harmful toward the
consumer, therefore coming under the description of what censorship prevents. Junk food
adverts have been cut to a certain extent, but corporations are still getting away with the
legislations by putting healthy food on the adverts, but not discouraging the consumption of
the fattening food by any means. An example of an advert that is advertised to all audiences
but shown in between children's shows a lot is the McDonalds advert. This depicts
unhealthy food as good and desirable, which will entice the consumer, in this case children.
As mentioned earlier, these adverts will affect children more because of the decision making
process been a lot lower in children, which, in essence, means they are more passive to the
advertising and therefore more likely to purchase these products.
Should adverts by these companies be shown to young
viewers? Should adverts be shown to children at all?
13. On the other hand, without advertisement in between children's programmes, companies
will struggle and the economic disadvantage it will have on them will be catastrophic, not to
mention to the worlds economy also. Another reason why it's a bad idea to not show
adverts to children is that the channels are required to show something in between
programmes, without showing adverts, a tough task will be formed to find a replacement
for advertisements.
In conclusion, it can be agreed that there are many advantages and disadvantages to
censorship. Without it, people would be subject to viewing explicit material, but with it, we
risk harming people by keeping information secret from one another. In my opinion,
censorship is a good idea; it keeps harmful and sensitive products frozen out and allows
consumers to view products without the constant fear of seeing something corruptive.
However, I don't agree with certain aspects of censorship such as celebrities getting gagging
orders. These legal court orders allow people, sometimes, people in the wrong, the
protection to keep bad information from them out of the press. However, in some cases
gagging orders are necessary, which I believe should be reserved for exceptional
circumstances.