This document provides information about semantics and logical fallacies used in demagogy. It includes links to two comedy videos by Stuart Lee that discuss immigration and UKIP using humor and satire. It also discusses how newspapers like the Daily Telegraph and Daily Mail use semantics in their reporting on immigration that can spread misinformation. The document provides definitions of terms like expatriate, immigrant, and migrant and questions whether the different terms used to describe various groups imply biases. It suggests these media sources could represent examples of propaganda or demagogy and questions whether their portrayal of immigrants is objective, impartial, or truthful.

2. Case of study 3: Use of semantics and logical fallacies in demagogy
Watch this video:
• British ‘expats’ (immigrants) in Spain’s Costa del Sol
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9FggJE1HjY&t=72s

3. Stuart Lee BBC comedy
Watch this two part video:
• BBC Comedy vehicle: Stuart Lee on immigration and the UKIP (1)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EHT6rNpABA&t=5s
• BBC Comedy vehicle: Stuart Lee on immigration and the UKIP (2)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKEsyIuTrO8

4. The Daily Telegraph’s semantics on immigration

5. The Daily Mail’s semantics on immigration

6. Semantics: Definitions

7. Semantics: Definitions

8. Semantics: Definitions

9.  An expatriate (often shortened to expat) is a person temporarily or
permanently residing in a country other than that of their citizenship.
 In common usage, the term often refers to professionals or skilled workers
sent abroad by their employers, who can be companies, governments, or
non-governmental organisations.
 Effectively migrant workers, they usually earn more than they would at
home, and more than local employees.
 However, the term 'expatriate' is also used for retirees and pensioners who
have chosen to live outside their native country. Historically, it has also
been referred to as exiles (although this term has political connotations).
Semantics and demagogy

10. Etymology
The word expatriate comes from the Latin terms ex ("out of") and patria ("native country,
fatherland").
The varying use of the terms migrant, immigrant and expat for different groups of foreigners can thus
be seen as implying nuances about wealth, intended length of stay, perceived motives for moving,
nationality, and even race. This has caused controversy.
For example, a British national working in Spain or Portugal is commonly referred to as an 'expatriate',
whereas a Spanish or Portuguese national working in Britain is referred to as an 'immigrant', thus
indicating Anglocentrism.
An older usage of the word expatriate was to refer to an exile. Alternatively, when used as a verb,
expatriation can mean the act of someone renouncing allegiance to their native country, as in the
preamble to the United States Expatriation Act of 1868 which says, 'the right of expatriation is a
natural and inherent right of all people, indispensable to the enjoyment of the rights of life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness.'
Semantics and demagogy

11. This definition contrasts with definitions of other words with a similar meaning, such as:
 Migrant: A person who moves from one place to another in order to find work or better living
conditions (Oxford)
 Immigrant: A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country (Oxford)
 Expatriate: A person who lives outside their native country (Oxford)
Why would an immigrant choose to “live permanently in a foreign country “?
Why would an expatriate choose to “live outside their native country“?
Is there any difference in the meaning of these two expressions or is it two different
ways of saying the same?
Semantics and demagogy

12. Questions
These are three examples belong to two different types of media texts:
1. What type of texts are these?
2. What purpose do they serve?
3. What are the sources of these texts? What do you know about them?
4. What do these texts represent at a descriptive level? What are the denotations?
5. What do these texts represent at a symbolic level? What are the connotations?
6. Are these texts biased in any way? Explain your answer.
7. Is there any way we can verify this information? How?
8. Is this a reliable source? Is this credible information?
9. What are the hegemonic ideologies behind these texts?
10. Are these texts examples of propaganda/demagogy? Which one is which? Explain your answer.

13. Questions
1. Are the headlines of the Daily Express and the Daily Mail accurate in depicting the
complexities of the reality of immigration in British society?
2. Does it mention the British immigrants who work, live and retire abroad? Why do you
think this topic is avoided?
3. Is it objective? Is it impartial? Is it truthful? Is it fair on the representation of
immigrants?
4. Is based on facts? Can we verify these facts? How? Does this have any journalistic
value? Explain your answer.
5. Is there any further agenda behind the Daily Mail and Daily Express news reports? Is
there any hegemonic ideology that can be spotted in these messages? What ideology
do they serve?

14. Questions
1. What is Stuart Lee referring to and basing his views on?
2. Is this fact? Can we verify these facts? How?
3. Although the immediate purpose of this speech is not to inform or educate, but to entertain: Do you
think that anybody who does not know the history of Britain can understand this speech?
4. Is it possible that this media text could have an informative and educative value, besides its
entertainment purpose? Explain your answer.
5. Why do you think that Stuart Lee uses humour in order to talk about such a serious issue?
6. How do these two different media texts work when we analyse them using Stuart Hall’s theory of
representation?:
7. Who creates the stereotypes?
8. Who attempts to subvert those stereotypes?
9. What strategy is used in order to try to subvert those stereotypes?

15. Deconstructing a Media text

16. Deconstructing a Media text
Useful questions we can ask ourselves when deconstructing a
media text:
 Who is this text aimed at? (Who is the target audience?)
 What assumptions are made about the audience which are
revealed in the text’s construction?
 Where and when is the audience likely to receive the text?
 How does this influence the form and structure of the text?
 How will this audience ‘read’ this text?

17. Reading media language
Useful questions we can ask ourselves in order to identify
an active institutional view:
 Who constructed this text?
 What context did they construct it for?
 What other texts have they constructed?
 What codes and conventions can I recognise from this
and other texts they have constructed?

18. Useful questions we can ask ourselves in order to identify
the negotiated view:
 What generic codes and conventions are being used in
the text?
 What do I know about the time and place where this
text was constructed?
 Is this typical of its genre or time and place?
 What representations are being used in this text to
create meaning?
Reading media language

19. Useful questions we can ask ourselves in order to identify
an active audience view:
 How does this text conform to audience expectations?
 What previous experience does the audience use
when consuming this text?
 How does the audience create meaning from this text?
 How and where might an audience receive this text?
 How might this influence the meaning they receive?
Reading media language