The document discusses biosafety levels and guidelines for working safely in microbiological and biomedical laboratories. It notes that between 1941-1949 there were over 3,000 laboratory-associated infections reported in the US, with hepatitis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, and tularemia among the most commonly reported. Biosafety levels 1-3 provide increasing levels of personnel and environmental protection, with guidelines for laboratory practices, safety equipment, and facilities appropriate for each level. Biosafety level 1 is suitable for agents not known to cause disease in healthy adults and pose minimal risk.

1. 5 th National Symposium on Biosafety: A Rational Basis for Biocontainment Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories 3 rd Edition JY Richmond & RW McKinney (eds.)

2. BMBL Introduction 1941 - Meyer and Eddie 74 lab associated brucellosis infections in US 1949 - Sulkin and Pike 222 viral infections (21 fatal) Only 27% related to known accidents

3. BMBL Introduction 1951,1965, 1976 - Sulkin and Pike Surveys for lab-associated infections More than 5,000 labs Cumulative total of 3,921cases cited Most commonly reported: Hepatitis  Brucellosis Tuberculosis  Tularemia Typhoid Venzuelan Equine Encephalitis

4. BMBL Introduction 1951,1965, 1976 - Sulkin and Pike (cont.) Surveys for lab-associated infections Fewer than 20% associated with known accidents Exposure to infectious aerosols plausible (but unconfirmed) for >80% of reported cases

5. Principles of Biosafety Introduction Biosafety Levels 1-3 Guidelines to describe combinations of: Laboratory Practices and Techniques Standard Practices Special Practices Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers)

6. Principles of Biosafety Introduction Biosafety Levels 1-3 Provide Increasing levels of personnel and environmental protection Guidelines for working safely in microbiological and biomedical laboratories

7. Lab Practices and Techniques Introduction Knowledgeable supervisor Personnel Aware of potential hazards Proficient in practices/techniques Biosafety manual specific to lab

8. Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) - Introduction Biosafety cabinets (BSCs) [BSL-2/3] Personal protective clothing Gloves Gowns Pipetting Devices Safety centrifuge cups and rotors Eye and face protection Respiratory protection [BSL-3]

9. Biosafety Level 1 Introduction Suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans and of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment.

10. Biosafety Level 1 Introduction Examples: Bacillus subtilis Naegleria gruberi Infectious canine hepatitis virus E. coli

11. Biosafety Level 1 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers)

12. Biosafety Level 1 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) Sink for handwashing Work surfaces easily cleaned Bench tops Sturdy furniture Windows fitted with flyscreens