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This document discusses the history of laboratory-associated infections and the development of biosafety levels to minimize risks. It notes surveys from the 1940s-1970s that found thousands of laboratory-associated infection cases, primarily hepatitis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, and tularemia. Biosafety levels 1-3 were established to provide increasing protection through combinations of laboratory practices, safety equipment, and facility requirements. Biosafety level 1 is for agents not known to cause disease in healthy adults and requires basic facilities like handwashing sinks and flyscreened windows.























































