Systematic review

Systematic literature review on socio-spatial
causes and effects of urban bicycling
Exploring the state of the art of bicycle literature
Research apprenticeship Urban Studies
University of Amsterdam
22 May 2015
K.B. Herder
10004572
Supervisors: L. Bertolini, M. te Brömmelstroet & W. Boterman

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ii
Index
List of tables & figures iii
1. Introduction 1
2. Search strategy 3
2.1 Keywords 3
2.2 Criteria 4
3. Findings 5
3.1 Trends 5
4. Search results 9
4.1 Built environment 10
4.1.1 Density 11
4.1.2 Infrastructure 12
4.1.3 Diversity 13
4.1.4 Public space 14
4.1.5 Gentrification 15
4.2 Social environment 16
4.2.1 Social interaction 17
4.2.2 Community 18
4.2.3 Social exclusion 19
4.2.4 Culture 20
4.2.5 Social class 21
4.3 Personal factors 22
4.3.1 Well-being 23
4.3.2 Emotions 24
4.3.3 Ethnicity 25
4.3.4 Identity 26
4.3.5 Life-course 27
4.3.6 Gender 28
5. Reflection 29
Appendix 1 I
Appendix 2 II

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iii
List of tables & figures
Table 1
Keywords
Figure 1
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“built!environment” 10
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Figure 2
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“density” 11
Figure 3
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“infrastructure” 12
Figure 4
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“diversity” 13
Figure 5
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“public!space” 14
Figure 6
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“gentrification” 15
Figure 7
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“social!environment” 16
Figure 8
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“social!interaction” 17
Figure 9
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“community” 18
Figure 10
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“social!exclusion” 19
Figure 11
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“culture” 20
Figure 12
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“social!class” 21
Figure 13
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“personal!factors” 22
Figure 14
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“well;being” 23
Figure 15
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“emotions” 24
Figure 16
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“ethnicity” 25
Figure 17
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“identity” 26

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iv
Figure 18
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“life!course” 27
Figure 19
Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“gender” 28
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1. Introduction
The bicycle has the potential to mitigate and perhaps even solve some of the societal
and environmental issues we are dealing with today. Hence more and more scholars
are turning their heads towards studying the causes and effects of cycling in order to
understand and maximize its full potential. While the body of literature on bicycling
is continuously growing the need for a review on the state of the art of bicycle
research becomes more and more urgent.
Several strands of bicycle literature have developed over the past years. For instance,
numerous scholars have studied the extent to which urban design and land-use
characteristics influence cycling (see, for example, Cevero & Duncan, 2003; Handy et
al., 2002). Other scholars have focused more on the social aspects of urban bicycling
(see Horton, 2006; Steinbach et al., 2011). Again others have studied how personal
perceptions influence bicycling (see Carver et al., 2005; De Meester et al., 2013). As
the examples suggest often times studies on urban cycling can be placed into one or
more of the following categories: the built environment, the social environment, and
personal factors. Yet, the burgeoning interest in urban bicycling asks for a more
precise exploration of research themes and in general the state of the art of the
research field. What are the established research topics? Which themes are
underdeveloped? What are the most recent trends in urban bicycling studies?
To our knowledge a systematic review on the full body of literature on socio-spatial
causes and effects of urban bicycling is until now missing. Pucher, Dill & Handy
(2010) review studies in the field of bicycle research that consider the effects of a
wide array of interventions on levels of bicycling. The review gives a great overview of
effective interventions, but does not by any means answer questions related to the
state of the bicycle research field. Handy, Van Wee & Kroesen (2014) review not only
studies that consider strategies that will increase urban cycling but also the benefits
of cycling. Their paper describes the state of the research in a particular strand of
literature on urban cycling namely that of transport cycling from the standpoint of
planning and policy-making. However, it does not provide a systematic review of the
full body of existing research. This report wishes to make a start in systematically and
comprehensively exploring the state of the art of urban cycling literature.
The aim of this systematic literature review is to take a first step in providing scholars
with an interest in urban cycling with an overview of urban bicycling literature.
Secondly, the review aims to bring to the surface the key studies in urban bicycling
research and the latest research trends in the field. The review, first, explains the
strategy that was applied including the keywords and criteria that have been used.
Second, some of the basic findings are discussed. Third, a database of relevant
articles is given. Lastly, the method of systematic review is reflected upon.
References
Carver,!A.,!Salmon,!J.,!Campbell,!K.,!Baur,!L.,!Garnett,!S.,!&!Crawford,!D.!(2005).!How!do!
perceptions!of!local!neighborhood!relate!to!adolescents'!walking!and!cycling?!American!Journal!of!
Health!Promotion,20(2),!139O147.!
!
Cervero,!R.,!&!Duncan,!M.!(2003).!Walking,!bicycling,!and!urban!landscapes:!Evidence!from!the!
san!francisco!bay!area.!American!Journal!of!Public!Health,!93(9),!1478O1483.!

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De!Meester,!F.,!Van!Dyck,!D.,!De!Bourdeaudhuij,!I.,!Deforche,!B.,!&!Cardon,!G.!(2013).!Does!the!
perception!of!neighborhood!built!environmental!attributes!influence!active!transport!in!
adolescents?International!Journal!of!Behavioral!Nutrition!and!Physical!Activity,!10,!38.!
Handy, S., Van Wee, B. & Kroesen, M. (2014). Promoting Cycling for Transport: Research
Needs and Challenges. Transport Reviews: A Transnational Transdisciplinary Journal,
34:1, 4-24.
Handy,!S.!L.,!Boarnet,!M.!G.,!Ewing,!R.,!&!Killingsworth,!R.!E.!(2002).!How!the!built!environment!
affects!physical!activity!O!views!from!urban!planning.!American!Journal!of!Preventive!
Medicine,!23(2),!64O73.!
!
Horton,!D.!(2006).!Environmentalism!and!the!bicycle.!Environmental!Politics,!15(1),!41O58.!
Pucher, J., Dill, J., & Handy, S. (2010). Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase
bicycling: an international review. Preventive medicine, 50, S106-S125.
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Steinbach,!R.,!Green,!J.,!Datta,!J.,!&!Edwards,!P.!(2011).!Cycling!and!the!city:!A!case!study!of!how!
gendered,!ethnic!and!class!identities!can!shape!healthy!transport!choices.!Social!Science!&!
Medicine,!72(7),!1123O1130.!
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2. Search strategy
This literature review considers all types of research on socio-spatial causes and
effects of urban bicycling. The data is collected through an online search in the Web
of Science database. The search was conducted in April and May 2015.
Through trial and error it is decided to search the Web of Science database in the
form of keyword combinations. The keyword “bicycle” was used in combination with
a number of additional keywords (see paragraph 2.1). The keyword combination form
was set to “and” (i.e. not “or” or “not”). The nature of every keyword was set to “topic”
(i.e. not “title”, “author”, “author identifiers”, “editor”, “group author”, “publication
name”, “DOI” or “year published”). For every keyword in combination with the
keyword “bicycle” the three most cited articles and the three most recent were
incorporated into our urban bicycling research database. The articles were screened
on their relevance with regard to the criteria set out in paragraph 2.2. The timespan
of the search was set to “all years”. However, most of the articles that were found are
of the last 20 years. Every search was also refined by the research domain “social
sciences”.
2.1 Keywords
The keywords that have been used for exploring the Web of Science database on
urban cycling research are determined through our own knowledge of contemporary
socio-spatial bicycle literature. Table 1 presents the keywords that were used for the
search in combination with the keyword “bicycle”. The keywords were categorized for
organizational purposes. The provided categorization is not a set categorization by
and of itself, but can be done in different ways.
Table 1 Keywords
Category Built environment Social
environment
Personal factors
Keywords Density
Infrastructure
Diversity
Public space
Gentrification
Social interaction
Community
Social exclusion
Culture
Social class
Well-being
Emotions
Ethnicity
Identity
Life course
Gender
It is important to note that also the main categories (“built environment”, “social
environment” and “personal factors”) were used as keywords. Hence in total 19
searches were conducted.
2.2 Criteria
All research accounts with a focus on socio-spatial causes and effects of urban
bicycling were regarded relevant to this literature review. The abstracts of the articles
found through the database search were screened to determine the articles’
relevance. The following criteria were used for screening the abstracts:
• The bicycle is mentioned explicitly in the abstract
• The article considers socio-spatial causes and/or effects of urban bicycling

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• The article considers urban bicycling (which can include leisure bicycling but
not mountain biking or holiday touring for instance)
More precisely articles about bicycling and physiology, medical conditions, injuries
and accidents, and accident prevention were not included. Also articles about helmet
use and technical studies on safety were not regarded relevant to this review.
Historical accounts and articles on bicycling as a sport were also not included.
Moreover, articles about physical activity were not regarded relevant when bicycling
was considered as a sport activity. Articles on active travel on the other hand were
included when bicycling was explicitly mentioned.
For example, although Kaplan (2015) is about holiday cycling it is included into the
urban cycling database because, first, the paper is essentially about urban bicycling
(i.e. not country back holiday cycling for instance), and, second, it explicitly discusses
social causes of tourist cycling in the city. More examples: Fyhri & Phillips (2013)
was not included since the paper is about helmet use. Kinsey (2011) was not included
on the basis of it being a historical account.
References
Fyhri, A., & Phillips, R. O. (2013). Emotional reactions to cycle helmet use. Accident Analysis
and Prevention, 50, 59-63.
Kaplan, S., Manca, F., Nielsen, T. A. S., & Prato, C. G. (2015). Intentions to use bike-sharing
for holiday cycling: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Tourism
Management, 47, 34-46.
Kinsey, F. (2011). Reading photographic portraits of australian women cyclists in the 1890s:
From costume and cycle choices to constructions of feminine identity. International Journal
of the History of Sport,28(8-9), 1121-1137.

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3. Findings
The review has resulted in 76 processed articles. Some of the articles, such as Handy
et al. (2002), Cervero & Duncan (2003), Lee et al. (2015), Saelens et al. (2003),
Stehlin (2014), Hoehner et al. (2005), Timperio et al. (2006), Wang et al. (2015),
Titze et al. (2008), Rietveld & Daniel (2004), Yang et al. (2014), Garrard et al.
(2008), McIlvenny (2015) and Ho et al. (2015), pop up in more then one keyword
combination search.
The papers were published over 42 different academic journals. The Journal of
Transport Geography (7), Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice (6),
Preventive Medicine (5), Transport Policy (4) and Environment and Planning A (4)
contained the highest shares of articles found through the searches. A complete list of
the journals can be found in Appendix 2.
The keyword search combinations “bicycle” and respectively “community” (369),
“gender” (281), “infrastructure” (166), “density” (164), “built environment” (149), and
“social environment” (149) resulted in the highest numbers of articles found. The
lowest numbers of articles were found when the database was searched for the
keyword combination “bicycle” and respectively “life course” (17), “diversity” (11),
“social exclusion” (4), and “gentrification” (2). These research themes seem to be
underdeveloped.
The body of literature on urban bicycling is growing especially as of the last 5 to 10
years. Nearly all the keyword combination searches show a trend of growth in
publications. Needless to say there is a burgeoning interest in urban cycling research.
3.1 Trends
Of the most recent articles a large extent focuses specifically on the bicycle (see for
example Lee et al., 2015; Habib et al., 2014; Cui et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2015; Koglin,
2015; Stehlin, 2015; Kaplan et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2015; McIlvenny, 2015) instead
of considering several modalities at the same time as some of the more established
papers do (see Handy et al., 2002; Cervero & Duncan, 2003; Saelens et al., 2003;
Hoehner et al., 2005; Carver et al., 2005; Braza et al., 2004).
Some strands of literature have developed just recently such as literature on bicycling
and public space, gentrification, social interaction and emotions (see graphs in figure
5, 6, 8 and 15 of chapter 4). These themes can be regarded as up and coming research
areas in the field of urban bicycling research. For instance, papers on emotions
associated with bicycling (see McIlvenny, 2015; Passafaro et al., 2014) are published
remarkably recent. The articles by Stehlin (2014; 2015) seem to mark the
development of a more critical literature on urban bicycling.
Also new are papers on bicycle sharing systems (see Martin & Shaheen, 2014;
Corcoran et al., 2014; Parkes et al., 2013 and Kaplan et al., 2015), articles
investigating cycling events (see Zieff et al., 2013; Derom & VanWynsberghe, 2015
and Torres et al., 2013), and research on e-bikes (see Wolf & Seebauer, 2014).
Further several recent papers research urban bicycling in the global south (Yang et
al., 2015; Zieff et al., 2013 and Torres et al., 2013).
Another quite surprising finding is that the keyword combination search “bicycle”
and “built environment” found that recent studies more often than not study social
factors instead of physical factors associated with urban bicycling. Whereas the more
established papers, such as Handy et al. (2002) and Cervero & Duncan (2003), focus

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on physical or ‘hard’ factors the most recent papers seem to pay more attention to
‘soft’ factors such as attitudes (see Lee et al., 2015) and perceptions (see Habib et al.,
2014) towards bicycling.
Research on cycling to school or more generally active commuting to school or
around campus seems to be a recurrent theme. Both earlier highly cited papers (see
Timperio et al., 2006; Mota et al., 2007; Landsberg et al., 2008; Tuder-Locke et al.,
2001; Braza et al., 2004) as well as more recent papers (see Wang et al., 2015;
Kaplan, 2015; Rybarczyk & Gallagher, 2014; Yang et al., 2014; Cardon et al., 2012;
Mendoza et al, 2014; Mendoza & Liu, 2014) investigate bicycling associated with
school.
References
Braza,!M.,!Shoemaker,!W.,!&!Seeley,!A.!(2004).!Neighborhood!design!and!rates!of!walking!and!
biking!to!elementary!school!in!34!california!communities.!American!Journal!of!Health!
Promotion,!19(2),!128O136.!
!
Cardon,!G.!M.,!Maes,!L.!R.!D.,!Haerens,!L.!L.,!&!De!Bourdeaudhuij,!I.!M.!M.!(2012).!Bicycling!to!
school!during!the!transition!from!childhood!into!adolescence:!A!sixOyear!longitudinal!
study.!Pediatric!Exercise!Science,!24(3),!369O383.!
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Corcoran,!J.,!Li,!T.,!Rohde,!D.,!CharlesOEdwards,!E.,!&!MateoOBabiano,!D.!(2014).!SpatioOtemporal!
patterns!of!a!public!bicycle!sharing!program:!The!effect!of!weather!and!calendar!events.!Journal!
of!Transport!Geography,!41,!292O305.!
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Cui,!Y.,!Mishra,!S.,!&!Welch,!T.!F.!(2014).!Land!use!effects!on!bicycle!ridership:!A!framework!for!
state!planning!agencies.!Journal!of!Transport!Geography,!41,!220O228.!
!
Derom,!I.,!&!VanWynsberghe,!R.!(2015).!Extending!the!benefits!of!leveraging!cycling!events:!
Evidence!from!the!tour!of!flanders.!European!Sport!Management!Quarterly,!15(1),!111O131.!
!
Habib,!K.!N.,!Mann,!J.,!Mahmoud,!M.,!&!Weiss,!A.!(2014).!Synopsis!of!bicycle!demand!in!the!city!of!
toronto:!Investigating!the!effects!of!perception,!consciousness!and!comfortability!on!the!purpose!
of!biking!and!bike!ownership.!Transportation!Research!Part!AOPolicy!and!Practice,!70,!67O80.!
!
Medicine,!23(2),!64O73.!
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Hoehner,!C.!M.,!Ramirez,!L.!K.!B.,!Elliott,!M.!B.,!Handy,!S.!L.,!&!Brownson,!R.!C.!(2005).!Perceived!
and!objective!environmental!measures!and!physical!activity!among!urban!adults.!American!
Journal!of!Preventive!Medicine,!28(2),!105O116.!
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Kaplan,!S.,!Manca,!F.,!Nielsen,!T.!A.!S.,!&!Prato,!C.!G.!(2015).!Intentions!to!use!bikeOsharing!for!
holiday!cycling:!An!application!of!the!theory!of!planned!behavior.!Tourism!Management,!47,!34O
46.!
!
Kaplan,!D.!H.!(2015).!Transportation!sustainability!on!a!university!campus.!International!Journal!
of!Sustainability!in!Higher!Education,!16(2),!173O186.!
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Koglin,!T.!(2015).!Organisation!does!matter!O!planning!for!cycling!in!stockholm!and!
copenhagen.!Transport!Policy,!39,!55O62.!!
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Landsberg,!B.,!PlachtaODanielzik,!S.,!Much,!D.,!Johannsen,!M.,!Lange,!D.,!&!Mueller,!M.!J.!(2008).!
Associations!between!active!commuting!to!school,!fat!mass!and!lifestyle!factors!in!adolescents:!
The!kiel!obesity!prevention!study!(KOPS).!European!Journal!of!Clinical!Nutrition,!62(6),!739O747.!
Lee,!A.!E.,!Underwood,!S.,!&!Handy,!S.!(2015).!Crashes!and!other!safetyOrelated!incidents!in!the!
formation!of!attitudes!toward!bicycling.!Transportation!Research!Part!FOTraffic!Psychology!and!
Behaviour,!28,!14O24.!
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Martin,!E.!W.,!&!Shaheen,!S.!A.!(2014).!Evaluating!public!transit!modal!shift!dynamics!in!response!
to!bikesharing:!A!tale!of!two!US!cities.!Journal!of!Transport!Geography,!41,!315O324.!
McIlvenny,!P.!(2015).!The!joy!of!biking!together:!Sharing!everyday!experiences!of!
velomobility.!Mobilities,!10(1),!55O82.!
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Mendoza,!J.!A.,!Cowan,!D.,!&!Liu,!Y.!(2014).!Predictors!of!children's!active!commuting!to!school:!
An!observational!evaluation!in!5!US!communities.!Journal!of!Physical!Activity!&!Health,!11(4),!
729O733.!
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Mendoza,!J.!A.,!&!Liu,!Y.!(2014).!Active!commuting!to!elementary!school!and!adiposity:!An!
observational!study.!Childhood!Obesity,!10(1),!34O41.!
Mota,!J.,!Gomes,!H.,!Almeida,!M.,!Ribeiro,!J.!C.,!Carvalho,!J.,!&!Santos,!M.!P.!(2007).!Active!versus!
passive!transportation!to!school!O!differences!in!screen!time,!socioOeconomic!position!and!
perceived!environmental!characteristics!in!adolescent!girls.!Annals!of!Human!Biology,!34(3),!273O
282.!!
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Parkes,!S.!D.,!Marsden,!G.,!Shaheen,!S.!A.,!&!Cohen,!A.!P.!(2013).!Understanding!the!diffusion!of!
public!bikesharing!systems:!Evidence!from!europe!and!north!america.!Journal!of!Transport!
Geography,!31,!94O103.!
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Passafaro,!P.,!Rimano,!A.,!Piccini,!M.!P.,!Metastasio,!R.,!Gambardella,!V.,!Gullace,!G.,!et!al.!(2014).!
The!bicycle!and!the!city:!Desires!and!emotions!versus!attitudes,!habits!and!norms.!Journal!of!
Environmental!Psychology,!38,!76O83.!
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Rybarczyk,!G.,!&!Gallagher,!L.!(2014).!Measuring!the!potential!for!bicycling!and!walking!at!a!
metropolitan!commuter!university.!Journal!of!Transport!Geography,!39,!1O10.!
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Saelens,!B.!E.,!Sallis,!J.!F.,!&!Frank,!L.!D.!(2003).!Environmental!correlates!of!walking!and!cycling:!
Findings!from!the!transportation,!urban!design,!and!planning!literatures.!Annals!of!Behavioral!
Medicine,25(2),!80O91.!
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Stehlin,!J.!(2015).!Cycles!of!investment:!Bicycle!infrastructure,!gentrification,!and!the!
restructuring!of!the!san!francisco!bay!area.!Environment!and!Planning!A,!47(1),!121O137.!
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Stehlin,!J.!(2014).!Regulating!inclusion:!Spatial!form,!social!process,!and!the!normalization!of!
cycling!practice!in!the!USA.!Mobilities,!9(1),!21O41.!
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Timperio,!A.,!Ball,!K.,!Salmon,!J.,!Roberts,!R.,!GilesOCorti,!B.,!Simmons,!D.,!et!al.!(2006).!Personal,!
family,!social,!and!environmental!correlates!of!active!commuting!to!school.!American!Journal!of!
Preventive!Medicine,!30(1),!45O51.!
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Titze,!S.,!Stronegger,!W.!J.,!Janschitz,!S.,!&!Oja,!P.!(2008).!Association!of!builtOenvironment,!socialO
environment!and!personal!factors!with!bicycling!as!a!mode!of!transportation!among!austrian!city!
dwellers.!Preventive!Medicine,!47(3),!252O259.!
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Torres,!A.,!Sarmiento,!O.!L.,!Stauber,!C.,!&!Zarama,!R.!(2013).!The!ciclovia!and!cicloruta!programs:!
Promising!interventions!to!promote!physical!activity!and!social!capital!in!bogota,!
colombia.!American!Journal!of!Public!Health,!103(2),!e23O30.!
!
TudorOLocke,!C.,!Ainsworth,!B.!E.,!&!Popkin,!B.!M.!(2001).!Active!commuting!to!school!O!an!
overlooked!source!of!childrens'!physical!activity?!Sports!Medicine,!31(5),!309O313.!
Wang,!C.,!Akar,!G.,!&!Guldmann,!J.!(2015).!Do!your!neighbors!affect!your!bicycling!choice?!A!
spatial!probit!model!for!bicycling!to!the!ohio!state!university.!Journal!of!Transport!Geography,!42,!
122O130.!
!
Wolf,!A.,!&!Seebauer,!S.!(2014).!Technology!adoption!of!electric!bicycles:!A!survey!among!early!
adopters.!Transportation!Research!Part!AOPolicy!and!Practice,!69,!196O211.!
!
Yang,!J.,!Chen,!J.,!Zhou,!M.,!&!Wang,!Z.!(2015).!Major!issues!for!biking!revival!in!urban!
china.!Habitat!International,!47,!176O182.!
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Zieff,!S.!G.,!Hipp,!J.!A.,!Eyler,!A.!A.,!&!Kim,!M.!(2013).!Ciclovia!initiatives:!Engaging!communities,!
partners,!and!policy!makers!along!the!route!to!success.!Journal!of!Public!Health!Management!and!
Practice!:!JPHMP,!19(3!Suppl!1),!S74O82.!
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4. Search results
This!chapter!presents!the!results!of!the!systematic!searches!(for!URL!online!database!of!
all! articles! found! see! appendix! 1).! For! every! keyword! combination! the! number! of!
articles!found!and!a!graph!showing!the!numbers!and!trend!of!published!items!are!given.!
Also! the! three! most! cited! and! three! newest! articles! are! listed.! Some! of! the! keyword!
combination!searches!resulted!in!only!two!relevant!articles.!Moreover,!some!papers!are!
listed!as!both!a!most!cited!paper!as!well!as!a!most!recent!paper.!Furthermore,!note!that!
the! graphs! include! all! articles! found! through! a! keyword! combination! search.!A!graph!
that! would! show! only! the! relevant! articles! (see! chapter! 2! paragraph! 2)! may! present!
different!results.!!

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4.1 Built environment
“Bicycle” and “built environment” (149)
Figure 1 Graph showing search report for “bicycle” and “built environment” (Source: Web of
Science, 2015).
Three most cited
Medicine,!23(2),!64O73.!
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!
Pikora,!T.,!GilesOCorti,!B.,!Bull,!F.,!Jamrozik,!K.,!&!Donovan,!R.!(2003).!Developing!a!framework!for!
assessment!of!the!environmental!determinants!of!walking!and!cycling.!Social!Science!&!
Medicine,!56(8),!1693O1703.!
Three most recent
!
Habib,!K.!N.,!Mann,!J.,!Mahmoud,!M.,!&!Weiss,!A.!(2014).!Synopsis!of!bicycle!demand!in!the!city!of!
toronto:!Investigating!the!effects!of!perception,!consciousness!and!comfortability!on!the!purpose!
of!biking!and!bike!ownership.!Transportation!Research!Part!AOPolicy!and!Practice,!70,!67O80.!
!
Cui,!Y.,!Mishra,!S.,!&!Welch,!T.!F.!(2014).!Land!use!effects!on!bicycle!ridership:!A!framework!for!
state!planning!agencies.!Journal!of!Transport!Geography,!41,!220O228.!

!
!
11
!
4.1.1 Density
“Bicycle” and “density” (164)
Figure 2 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“density”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).!
Three most cited
Medicine,25(2),!80O91.!
!
!
Cervero,!R.!(1996).!Mixed!landOuses!and!commuting:!Evidence!from!the!american!housing!
survey.!Transportation!Research!Part!AOPolicy!and!Practice,!30(5),!361O377.!
Three most recent
Martin,!E.!W.,!&!Shaheen,!S.!A.!(2014).!Evaluating!public!transit!modal!shift!dynamics!in!response!
to!bikesharing:!A!tale!of!two!US!cities.!Journal!of!Transport!Geography,!41,!315O324.!
!
Beecham,!R.,!Wood,!J.,!&!Bowerman,!A.!(2014).!Studying!commuting!behaviours!using!
collaborative!visual!analytics.!Computers!Environment!and!Urban!Systems,!47,!5O15.!
!
Piatkowski,!D.,!&!Marshall,!W.!E.!(2014).!'New'!versus!'old'!urbanism:!A!comparative!analysis!of!
travel!behavior!in!largeOscale!new!urbanist!communities!and!older,!more!established!
neighborhoods!in!denver,!colorado.!Urban!Design!International,!19(3),!228O245.!

!
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12
!
4.1.2 Infrastructure
“Bicycle” and “infrastructure” (166)
Figure 3 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“infrastructure”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).!!
Three most cited
Pucher,!J.,!Dill,!J.,!&!Handy,!S.!(2010).!Infrastructure,!programs,!and!policies!to!increase!bicycling:!
An!international!review.!Preventive!Medicine,!50,!S106OS125.!
!
Garrard,!J.,!Rose,!G.,!&!Lo,!S.!K.!(2008).!Promoting!transportation!cycling!for!women:!The!role!of!
bicycle!infrastructure.!Preventive!Medicine,!46(1),!55O59.!
!
Pucher,!J.,!Komanoff,!C.,!&!Schimek,!P.!(1999).!Bicycling!renaissance!in!north!america?!recent!
trends!and!alternative!policies!to!promote!bicycling.!Transportation!Research!Part!AOPolicy!and!
Practice,!33(7O8),!625O654.!
Three most recent
!
Yang,!J.,!Chen,!J.,!Zhou,!M.,!&!Wang,!Z.!(2015).!Major!issues!for!biking!revival!in!urban!
china.!Habitat!International,!47,!176O182.!
!
Gossling,!S.,!&!Choi,!A.!S.!(2015).!Transport!transitions!in!copenhagen:!Comparing!the!cost!of!cars!
and!bicycles.!Ecological!Economics,!113,!106O113.!
!

!
!
13
!
4.1.3 Diversity
“Bicycle” and “diversity” (11)
Figure 4 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“diversity”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).
Three most cited
!
!
Steinman,!L.,!Doescher,!M.,!Levinger,!D.,!Perry,!C.,!Carter,!L.,!Eyler,!A.,!et!al.!(2010).!Master!plans!
for!pedestrian!and!bicycle!transportation:!Community!characteristics.!Journal!of!Physical!Activity!
&!Health,7,!S60OS66.!
Three most recent
!
!
Steinman,!L.,!Doescher,!M.,!Levinger,!D.,!Perry,!C.,!Carter,!L.,!Eyler,!A.,!et!al.!(2010).!Master!plans!
for!pedestrian!and!bicycle!transportation:!Community!characteristics.!Journal!of!Physical!Activity!
&!Health,7,!S60OS66.!

!
!
14
!
4.1.4 Public space
“Bicycle” and “public space” (24)
Figure 5 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“public!space”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).
Three most cited
!
Grow,!H.!M.,!Saelens,!B.!E.,!Kerr,!J.,!Durant,!N.!H.,!Norman,!G.!J.,!&!Sallis,!J.!F.!(2008).!Where!are!
youth!active?!roles!of!proximity,!active!transport,!and!built!environment.!Medicine!and!Science!in!
Sports!and!Exercise,!40(12),!2071O2079.!
!
Spinney,!J.!(2010).!Performing!resistance?!reOreading!practices!of!urban!cycling!on!london's!
south!bank.!Environment!and!Planning!A,!42(12),!2914O2937.!
!
Three most recent
Corcoran,!J.,!Li,!T.,!Rohde,!D.,!CharlesOEdwards,!E.,!&!MateoOBabiano,!D.!(2014).!SpatioOtemporal!
patterns!of!a!public!bicycle!sharing!program:!The!effect!of!weather!and!calendar!events.!Journal!
of!Transport!Geography,!41,!292O305.!
!
!
Zieff,!S.!G.,!Hipp,!J.!A.,!Eyler,!A.!A.,!&!Kim,!M.!(2013).!Ciclovia!initiatives:!Engaging!communities,!
partners,!and!policy!makers!along!the!route!to!success.!Journal!of!Public!Health!Management!and!
Practice!:!JPHMP,!19(3!Suppl!1),!S74O82.!

!
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15
!
4.1.5 Gentrification
“Bicycle” and “gentrification” (2)
Figure 6 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“gentrification”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).
!
Stehlin,!J.!(2015).!Cycles!of!investment:!Bicycle!infrastructure,!gentrification,!and!the!
restructuring!of!the!san!francisco!bay!area.!Environment!and!Planning!A,!47(1),!121O137.!

!
!
16
!
4.2 Social environment
“Bicycle” and “social environment” (149)
Figure 7 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“social!environment”!(Source:!Web!of!
Science,!2015).
Three most cited
Medicine,25(2),!80O91.!
!
!
Three most recent
!
Kaplan,!S.,!Manca,!F.,!Nielsen,!T.!A.!S.,!&!Prato,!C.!G.!(2015).!Intentions!to!use!bikeOsharing!for!
holiday!cycling:!An!application!of!the!theory!of!planned!behavior.!Tourism!Management,!47,!34O
46.!
!
122O130.!

!
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17
!
4.2.1 Social interaction
“Bicycle” and “social interaction” (28)
Figure 8 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“social!interaction”!(Source:!Web!of!
Science,!2015).
Three most cited
Carver,!A.,!Salmon,!J.,!Campbell,!K.,!Baur,!L.,!Garnett,!S.,!&!Crawford,!D.!(2005).!How!do!
perceptions!of!local!neighborhood!relate!to!adolescents'!walking!and!cycling?!American!Journal!of!
Health!Promotion,20(2),!139O147.!
!
dwellers.!Preventive!Medicine,!47(3),!252O259.!
!
Panter,!J.!R.,!&!Jones,!A.!(2010).!Attitudes!and!the!environment!as!determinants!of!active!travel!in!
adults:!What!do!and!don't!we!know?!Journal!of!Physical!Activity!&!Health,!7(4),!551O561.!
Three most recent
122O130.!
!
!
McIlvenny,!P.!(2014).!Velomobile!formationsOinOaction!biking!and!talking!together.!Space!and!
Culture,!17(2),!137O156.!

!
!
18
!
4.2.2 Community
“Bicycle” and “community” (369)
Figure 9 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“community”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).
Three most cited
Medicine,25(2),!80O91.!
!
Medicine,!23(2),!64O73.!
!
Three most recent
Legacy,!C.,!&!van!den!Nouwelant,!R.!(2015).!Negotiating!strategic!planning's!transitional!spaces:!
The!case!of!'guerrilla!governance'!in!infrastructure!planning.!Environment!and!Planning!A,!47(1),!
209O226.!
!
Kaplan,!D.!H.!(2015).!Transportation!sustainability!on!a!university!campus.!International!Journal!
of!Sustainability!in!Higher!Education,!16(2),!173O186.!
!
Derom,!I.,!&!VanWynsberghe,!R.!(2015).!Extending!the!benefits!of!leveraging!cycling!events:!
Evidence!from!the!tour!of!flanders.!European!Sport!Management!Quarterly,!15(1),!111O131.!

!
!
19
!
4.2.3 Social exclusion
“Bicycle” and “social exclusion” (4)
Figure 10 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“social!exclusion”!(Source:!Web!of!
Science,!2015).
!
Teunissen,!T.,!Sarmiento,!O.,!Zuidgeest,!M.,!&!Brussel,!M.!(2015).!Mapping!equality!in!access:!The!
case!of!bogota's!sustainable!transportation!initiatives.!International!Journal!of!Sustainable!
Transportation,9(7),!457O467.!
!
Tiwari,!G.!(2003).!Transport!and!landOuse!policies!in!delhi.!Bulletin!of!the!World!Health!
Organization,!81(6),!444O450.!

!
!
20
!
4.2.4 Culture
“Bicycle” and “culture” (62)
Figure 11 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“culture”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).
Three most cited
Rietveld,!P.,!&!Daniel,!V.!(2004).!Determinants!of!bicycle!use:!Do!municipal!policies!
matter?!Transportation!Research!Part!AOPolicy!and!Practice,!38(7),!531O550.!
!
Pucher,!J.,!&!Buehler,!R.!(2006).!Why!canadians!cycle!more!than!americans:!A!comparative!
analysis!of!bicycling!trends!and!policies.!Transport!Policy,!13(3),!265O279.!
!
Yang,!L.,!Sahlqvist,!S.,!McMinn,!A.,!Griffin,!S.!J.,!&!Ogilvie,!D.!(2010).!Interventions!to!promote!
cycling:!Systematic!review.!British!Medical!Journal,!341,!c5293.!
Three most recent
Rybarczyk,!G.,!&!Gallagher,!L.!(2014).!Measuring!the!potential!for!bicycling!and!walking!at!a!
metropolitan!commuter!university.!Journal!of!Transport!Geography,!39,!1O10.!
!
Jungnickel,!K.,!&!Aldred,!R.!(2014).!Cycling's!sensory!strategies:!How!cyclists!mediate!their!
exposure!to!the!urban!environment.!Mobilities,!9(2),!238O255.!
!

!
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21
!
4.2.5 Social class
“Bicycle” and “social class” (71)
Figure 12 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“social!class”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).
Three most cited
!
Harten,!N.,!&!Olds,!T.!(2004).!Patterns!of!active!transport!in!11O12!year!old!australian!
children.!Australian!and!New!Zealand!Journal!of!Public!Health,!28(2),!167O172.!
!
Mota,!J.,!Gomes,!H.,!Almeida,!M.,!Ribeiro,!J.!C.,!Carvalho,!J.,!&!Santos,!M.!P.!(2007).!Active!versus!
passive!transportation!to!school!O!differences!in!screen!time,!socioOeconomic!position!and!
perceived!environmental!characteristics!in!adolescent!girls.!Annals!of!Human!Biology,!34(3),!273O
282.!
!
Landsberg,!B.,!PlachtaODanielzik,!S.,!Much,!D.,!Johannsen,!M.,!Lange,!D.,!&!Mueller,!M.!J.!(2008).!
Associations!between!active!commuting!to!school,!fat!mass!and!lifestyle!factors!in!adolescents:!
The!kiel!obesity!prevention!study!(KOPS).!European!Journal!of!Clinical!Nutrition,!62(6),!739O747.!
!
Three most recent
Yang,!X.,!Telama,!R.,!Hirvensalo,!M.,!Tammelin,!T.,!Viikari,!J.!S.!A.,!&!Raitakari,!O.!T.!(2014).!Active!
commuting!from!youth!to!adulthood!and!as!a!predictor!of!physical!activity!in!early!midlife:!The!
young!finns!study.!Preventive!Medicine,!59,!5O11.!
!
Torres,!A.,!Sarmiento,!O.!L.,!Stauber,!C.,!&!Zarama,!R.!(2013).!The!ciclovia!and!cicloruta!programs:!
Promising!interventions!to!promote!physical!activity!and!social!capital!in!bogota,!
colombia.!American!Journal!of!Public!Health,!103(2),!e23O30.!
!
Cardon,!G.!M.,!Maes,!L.!R.!D.,!Haerens,!L.!L.,!&!De!Bourdeaudhuij,!I.!M.!M.!(2012).!Bicycling!to!
school!during!the!transition!from!childhood!into!adolescence:!A!sixOyear!longitudinal!
study.!Pediatric!Exercise!Science,!24(3),!369O383.!

!
!
22
!
4.3 Personal factors
“Bicycle” and “personal factors” (70)
Figure 13 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“personal!factors”!(Source:!Web!of!
Science,!2015).
Three most cited
!
TudorOLocke,!C.,!Ainsworth,!B.!E.,!&!Popkin,!B.!M.!(2001).!Active!commuting!to!school!O!an!
overlooked!source!of!childrens'!physical!activity?!Sports!Medicine,!31(5),!309O313.!
!
dwellers.Preventive!Medicine,!47(3),!252O259.!
Three most recent
Ho,!C.,!Liao,!T.,!Huang,!S.,!&!Chen,!H.!(2015).!Beyond!environmental!concerns:!Using!meansOend!
chains!to!explore!the!personal!psychological!values!and!motivations!of!leisure/recreational!
cyclists.!Journal!of!Sustainable!Tourism,!23(2),!234O254.!
!
Wolf,!A.,!&!Seebauer,!S.!(2014).!Technology!adoption!of!electric!bicycles:!A!survey!among!early!
adopters.!Transportation!Research!Part!AOPolicy!and!Practice,!69,!196O211.!
!
Simons,!D.,!Clarys,!P.,!De!Bourdeaudhuij,!I.,!de!Geus,!B.,!Vandelanotte,!C.,!&!Deforche,!B.!(2014).!
Why!do!young!adults!choose!different!transport!modes?!A!focus!group!study.!Transport!
Policy,!36,!151O159.!

!
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23
!
4.3.1 Well-being
“Bicycle” and “well-being” (33)
Figure 14 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“wellObeing”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).
Three most cited
!
Whitaker,!E.!D.!(2005).!The!bicycle!makes!the!eyes!smile:!Exercise,!aging,!and!psychophysical!
wellObeing!in!older!italian!cyclists.!Medical!Anthropology,!24(1),!1O43.!
!
Fenton,!M.!(2012).!Community!design!and!policies!for!freeOrange!children:!Creating!
environments!that!support!routine!physical!activity.!Childhood!Obesity,!8(1),!44O51.!
Three most recent
!
De!Vos,!J.,!Schwanen,!T.,!Van!Acker,!V.,!&!Witlox,!F.!(2015).!How!satisfying!is!the!scale!for!travel!
satisfaction?!Transportation!Research!Part!FOTraffic!Psychology!and!Behaviour,!29,!121O130.!
!
Norwood,!P.,!Eberth,!B.,!Farrar,!S.,!Anable,!J.,!&!Ludbrook,!A.!(2014).!Active!travel!intervention!
and!physical!activity!behaviour:!An!evaluation.!Social!Science!&!Medicine,!113,!50O58.!
!
Fenton,!M.!(2012).!Community!design!and!policies!for!freeOrange!children:!Creating!
environments!that!support!routine!physical!activity.!Childhood!Obesity,!8(1),!44O51.!

!
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24
!
4.3.2 Emotions
“Bicycle” and “emotions” (35)
Figure 15 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“emotions”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).
Two most cited
!
Two most recent
!

!
!
25
!
4.3.3 Ethnicity
“Bicycle” and “ethnicity” (37)
Figure 16 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“ethnicity”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).
Three most cited
Rietveld,!P.,!&!Daniel,!V.!(2004).!Determinants!of!bicycle!use:!Do!municipal!policies!
matter?!Transportation!Research!Part!AOPolicy!and!Practice,!38(7),!531O550.!
!
Braza,!M.,!Shoemaker,!W.,!&!Seeley,!A.!(2004).!Neighborhood!design!and!rates!of!walking!and!
biking!to!elementary!school!in!34!california!communities.!American!Journal!of!Health!
Promotion,!19(2),!128O136.!
!
Berrigan,!D.,!Troiano,!R.!P.,!McNeel,!T.,!DiSogra,!C.,!&!BallardOBarbash,!R.!(2006).!Active!
transportation!increases!adherence!to!activity!recommendations.!American!Journal!of!Preventive!
Medicine,!31(3),!210O216.!
Three most recent
Thern,!E.,!Forss,!K.!S.,!Jogreus,!C.!E.,!&!Stjernberg,!L.!(2015).!Factors!associated!with!active!
commuting!among!parentsOtoObe!in!karlskrona,!sweden.!Scandinavian!Journal!of!Public!
Health,!43(1),!59O65.!
!
Mendoza,!J.!A.,!Cowan,!D.,!&!Liu,!Y.!(2014).!Predictors!of!children's!active!commuting!to!school:!
An!observational!evaluation!in!5!US!communities.!Journal!of!Physical!Activity!&!Health,!11(4),!
729O733.!
!
Mendoza,!J.!A.,!&!Liu,!Y.!(2014).!Active!commuting!to!elementary!school!and!adiposity:!An!
observational!study.!Childhood!Obesity,!10(1),!34O41.!

!
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26
!
4.3.4 Identity
“Bicycle” and “identity” (32)
Figure 17 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“identity”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).
Three most cited
Aldred,!R.!(2010).!'On!the!outside':!Constructing!cycling!citizenship.!Social!&!Cultural!
Geography,!11(1),!35O52.!
!
Steinbach,!R.,!Green,!J.,!Datta,!J.,!&!Edwards,!P.!(2011).!Cycling!and!the!city:!A!case!study!of!how!
gendered,!ethnic!and!class!identities!can!shape!healthy!transport!choices.!Social!Science!&!
Medicine,!72(7),!1123O1130.!
!
Horton,!D.!(2006).!Environmentalism!and!the!bicycle.!Environmental!Politics,!15(1),!41O58.!
Three most recent
Wilhoit,!E.!D.,!&!Kisselburgh,!L.!G.!(2015).!Collective!action!without!organization:!The!material!
constitution!of!bike!commuters!as!collective.!Organization!Studies,!36(5),!573O592.!
!
Shapiro,!S.!J.!(2015).!Marketing!and!the!common!good:!Essays!from!notre!dame!on!societal!
impact.!Journal!of!Macromarketing,!35(1),!123O124!
!
Dalpian,!P.!R.!C.,!da!Silveira,!T.,!&!Rossi,!C.!A.!V.!(2015).!"One!less!car'':!The!collective!initiative!
toward!sustainability.!Journal!of!Macromarketing,!35(1),!99O110.!
!

!
!
27
!
4.3.5 Life course
“Bicycle” and “life course” (17)
Figure 18 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“social!environment”!(Source:!Web!of!
Science,!2015).
Three most cited
!
Chatterjee,!K.,!Sherwin,!H.,!&!Jain,!J.!(2013).!Triggers!for!changes!in!cycling:!The!role!of!life!events!
and!modifications!to!the!external!environment.!Journal!of!Transport!Geography,!30,!183O193.!
!
!
Three most recent
!
Sherwin,!H.,!Chatterjee,!K.,!&!Jain,!J.!(2014).!An!exploration!of!the!importance!of!social!influence!
in!the!decision!to!start!bicycling!in!england.!Transportation!Research!Part!AOPolicy!and!
Practice,!68,!32O45.!
!

!
!
28
!
4.3.6 Gender
“Bicycle” and “gender” (281)
Figure 19 Graph!showing!search!report!for!“bicycle”!and!“gender”!(Source:!Web!of!Science,!
2015).
Three most cited
!
Troped,!P.!J.,!Saunders,!R.!P.,!Pate,!R.!R.,!Reininger,!B.,!Ureda,!J.!R.,!&!Thompson,!S.!J.!(2001).!
Associations!between!selfOreported!and!objective!physical!environmental!factors!and!use!of!a!
community!railOtrail.!Preventive!Medicine,!32(2),!191O200.!
!
Garrard,!J.,!Rose,!G.,!&!Lo,!S.!K.!(2008).!Promoting!transportation!cycling!for!women:!The!role!of!
bicycle!infrastructure.!Preventive!Medicine,!46(1),!55O59.!
Three most recent
Ho,!C.,!Liao,!T.,!Huang,!S.,!&!Chen,!H.!(2015).!Beyond!environmental!concerns:!Using!meansOend!
chains!to!explore!the!personal!psychological!values!and!motivations!of!leisure/recreational!
cyclists.!Journal!of!Sustainable!Tourism,!23(2),!234O254.!
!
Eyer,!A.,!&!Ferreira,!A.!(2015).!Taking!the!tyke!on!a!bike:!Mothers'!and!childless!women's!spaceO
time!geographies!in!amsterdam!compared.!Environment!and!Planning!A,!47(3),!691O708.!
!
122O130.!

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29
!
5. Reflection
!
The!focus!of!this!systematic!literature!review!was!on!replicability.!Any!researcher!who!
will!follow!the!same!systematic!steps!will!find!the!same!results!accepting!that!the!online!
search! database! is! continuously! developing.! ! The! method! is! useful! for! systematically!
creating!a!database!of!literature!in!a!particular!field!of!research,!which!in!this!case!is!the!
field!of!urban!bicycling!research.!The!method!allows!one!to!get!a!broad!idea!of!the!state!
of! the! body! of! literature! in! a! research! area,! the! key! readings,! and! up! and! coming!
research!themes.!Especially!the!latter!I!find!particularly!valuable.!A!systematic!literature!
search!is!extremely!helpful!for!scholars!new!in!a!particular!field!for!exploring!the!state!
of!the!art!of!a!study!area.!
!
However,!the!method!is!less!useful!for!identifying!limitations!of!existing!research!and!
research!needs!in!a!field.!The!method!does!not!allow!one!to!develop!a!comprehensive!
understanding!of!what!is!known!in!the!research!field.!Rather!it!serves!as!a!starting!point!
for! further! investigation.! A! followOup! review! could! examine! the! articles! found! and!
screen!the!main!findings!to!get!a!better!understanding!of!what!is!known,!and!to!explore!
where!gaps!and!opportunities!for!research!lie.!Another!followOup!possibility!would!be!to!
dive! deeper! into! one! of! the! research! themes! found! through! the! systematic! search! in!
order! to! get! more! acquainted! with! a! specific! topic! in! the! field! of! study.! Lastly,! it! is!
possible!to!add!more!search!keywords!in!order!to!broaden!the!scope!of!the!systematic!
literature!review.!!
!
!
!

!
!
I
!
Appendix 1
The following URL contains the online database of all articles found through the
systematic searches:
http://www.refworks.com/refshare2?site=062841272513600000/141201428411948
905/078361426770763000

!
!
II
!
Appendix 2
List of journals including numbers of papers published in journals found through the
systematic searches:
Journal of Transport Geography (7)
Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice (6)
Preventive Medicine (5)
Transport Policy (4)
Environment and Planning (4)
American Journal of Preventive Medicine (3)
Journal of Physical Activity & Health (3)
Mobilities (3)
Social Science & Medicine (3)
American Journal of Public Health (2)
Childhood Obesity (2)
Journal of Macromarketing (2)
Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour (2)
American Journal of Health Promotion (1)
Annals of Behavioral Medicine (1)
Annals of Human Biology (1)
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health (1)
British Medical Journal (1)
Bulletin of the World Health Organization (1)
Computers Environment and Urban Systems (1)
Ecological Economics (1)
Environmental Politics (1)
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1)
European Sport Management Quarterly (1)
Habitat International (1)

!
!
III
!
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (1)
International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education (1)
Journal of Environmental Psychology (1)
Journal of Sustainable Tourism (1)
International Journal of Sustainable Transportation (1)
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice (1)
Medical Anthropology (1)
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (1)
Organization Studies (1)
Pediatric Exercise Science (1)
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health (1)
Social & Cultural Geography Space and Culture (1)
Sports Medicine (1)
Urban Design International (1)
Tourism Management (1)
!

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