Vinay and Darblernet's Model of Translation.pptPariNaz10
Since 1950s there has been a wide variety of linguistics approaches to the analysis of translation that has proposed a detailed list of taxonomies to categories the translation process.
The book has presented a small number of best known and most representative models.
Vinay and Darblenet’s taxonomy in Stylistique
Catford’s linguitics approach.
They carried out comparative stylistics analysis of English-French.
Noted the differences between the languages and noted the strategies and procedures in translation.
Vinay and Darblenet’s
Two main strategies are
Direct and Oblique translation also known as Literal vs. Free translation.
The two comprised of seven out of which Direct covers three .Borrowing.
The SL word is transferred directly to the TL.
Word originated in one language is also used in another language.
Reasons:
Sometimes borrowings are employed to add local colour (pétanque, armagnac and bastide in a tourist brochure about south west France, for instance)
No existing word or concept in the target language.
Examples:
Internet, Jalebi, Piano etc.
Also known as loan translation.
Alternative of borrowing.
Phrase borrowed from another language and literally translated from word for word. 4. Transposition.
This is a change of one part of speech for another without changing the sense
Operates at grammatical level.
Replacement of word class by another word class without changing the meaning.
Within the same language:
Reconstruction of the city is very important.
Reconstructing the city is very important.
To reconstruct the city is very important.
In different language.
He writes neatly وہ صفا ي سے لکھتا ہے۔ (Adjective صفا ي is converted into Adverb neatly).
This changes the semantics and point of view of the SL
tries to maintain naturalness by using various form the message done by changing the point of view
chosen when translators find that literal translation would result in awkward or unnatural translation. Vinay and Darblenet regarded modulation as “the touchstone of a good translator” whereas transposition ‘simply shows a very good command of the target language
This involves changing the cultural reference when a situation in the source culture does not exist in the target culture.
Adaptations, also known as “Free Translations” are when the translator substitutes cultural realities or scenarios for which there is no reference in the target language.
Vinay and Darblernet's Model of Translation.pptPariNaz10
Since 1950s there has been a wide variety of linguistics approaches to the analysis of translation that has proposed a detailed list of taxonomies to categories the translation process.
The book has presented a small number of best known and most representative models.
Vinay and Darblenet’s taxonomy in Stylistique
Catford’s linguitics approach.
They carried out comparative stylistics analysis of English-French.
Noted the differences between the languages and noted the strategies and procedures in translation.
Vinay and Darblenet’s
Two main strategies are
Direct and Oblique translation also known as Literal vs. Free translation.
The two comprised of seven out of which Direct covers three .Borrowing.
The SL word is transferred directly to the TL.
Word originated in one language is also used in another language.
Reasons:
Sometimes borrowings are employed to add local colour (pétanque, armagnac and bastide in a tourist brochure about south west France, for instance)
No existing word or concept in the target language.
Examples:
Internet, Jalebi, Piano etc.
Also known as loan translation.
Alternative of borrowing.
Phrase borrowed from another language and literally translated from word for word. 4. Transposition.
This is a change of one part of speech for another without changing the sense
Operates at grammatical level.
Replacement of word class by another word class without changing the meaning.
Within the same language:
Reconstruction of the city is very important.
Reconstructing the city is very important.
To reconstruct the city is very important.
In different language.
He writes neatly وہ صفا ي سے لکھتا ہے۔ (Adjective صفا ي is converted into Adverb neatly).
This changes the semantics and point of view of the SL
tries to maintain naturalness by using various form the message done by changing the point of view
chosen when translators find that literal translation would result in awkward or unnatural translation. Vinay and Darblenet regarded modulation as “the touchstone of a good translator” whereas transposition ‘simply shows a very good command of the target language
This involves changing the cultural reference when a situation in the source culture does not exist in the target culture.
Adaptations, also known as “Free Translations” are when the translator substitutes cultural realities or scenarios for which there is no reference in the target language.
Intro to programming and how to start that careerTarek Alabd
That was my talk with Mofakroon team.
That was an intro to programming.
What is programming and programming languages?
Why should we learn programming?
12 benefits from learning programming.
Why all these programming languages?
What is he best programming language?
Everything about programming and how to lean the basics.
This power point presentation was created by Myself using various references in internet (references are mentioned in slides to help you create your own) for the "partial fulfillment of Bachelors Degree of Computer Science and Information
Technology" from Tribhuvan University.
Intro to programming and how to start that careerTarek Alabd
That was my talk with Mofakroon team.
That was an intro to programming.
What is programming and programming languages?
Why should we learn programming?
12 benefits from learning programming.
Why all these programming languages?
What is he best programming language?
Everything about programming and how to lean the basics.
This power point presentation was created by Myself using various references in internet (references are mentioned in slides to help you create your own) for the "partial fulfillment of Bachelors Degree of Computer Science and Information
Technology" from Tribhuvan University.
Future of .NET - .NET on Non Windows Platforms. .NET has been so far targeted towards Windows only. Now Microsoft created a subset of .NET called .NET Core that would run on Linux and OS X apart from Windows.
Oplægget blev holdt ved et seminar i InfinIT-interessegruppen Højniveausprog til indlejrede systemer, der blev afholdt den 6. marts 2013. Læs mere om interessegruppen her: http://www.infinit.dk/dk/interessegrupper/hoejniveau_sprog_til_indlejrede_systemer/hoejniveau_sprog_til_indlejrede_systemer.htm
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Syllable- The Little OS with a Big Future Tired of endless Windows security problems? Intrigued by Linux's power but discouraged by its complexity? Tempted by Mac OS but not thrilled with the hardware cost? If so, you might want to investigate the growing bunch of hobbyist OSes -- Syllable, SkyOS, Haiku, MenuetOS, Visopsys, ReactOS and others. Syllable is perhaps the most promising of them all; it's a maturing open source desktop OS with an evolving kernel & device driver range, and is targeted at the home/small-office user.
3. Introduction Syllable is a volunteer project that creates a family of easy to use, free software operating systems. You can use them separately, or you can use them together to form network platforms. The goal of the Syllable project is to create a family of easy-to-use free software operating systems. It is the continuation of the BeOS-like AtheOS.
4. Syllable Desktop (operating system) Syllable is a free and open source operating system for Pentium and compatible processors. Its purpose is to create an easy-to-use desktop operating system for the home and small office user. It was forked from the stagnant AtheOS in July 2002. It has a native web browser (Webster which is WebKit-based), email client (Whisper), media player, IDE, and many more applications
8. So what exactly is Syllable and what can it do for you? We are producing two operating systems: Syllable Desktop and Syllable Server. They are meant for different roles, but they share the goals of being as easy to use as possible while still being very powerful. Syllable Desktop is meant to run on personal computers. It is fully graphical, so it is easy to operate for people who don't care about diving into technical details. At the same time, it also offers a traditional command prompt environment that is well-known to technical-minded people as an extra, so nobody loses out. Syllable Server is meant to run on server computers - the ones that quietly do their work in backrooms and that you can connect to over the network with your personal computer. Thus, Syllable Server and Syllable Desktop are made to work together. You can happily use them on their own and with many different systems, but used together they will provide extra advantages. For example, if you want to set up a network of machines, it is easier if both desktop and server computers are alike, at least in their software. There will be less you will need to learn and remember to accomplish your tasks.
9. An important thing to know about Syllable is that Syllable Server is based on the well-known Linux kernel, but Syllable Desktop is not. Thus, Syllable Server is a Linux distribution, but Syllable Desktop is not. We started Syllable Desktop in 2002 and based it on the AtheOS operating system. Its author ceased its development around that time, so we effectively took it over. In 2007, we created Syllable Server with the same tools that we developed for Syllable Desktop, but basing it on Linux. The Linux kernel is not a complete operating system, but only the core for one, so we molded it into a complete system by adapting the parts that we already had. This way, we have made the two systems quite similar. When you can work with one, you can work with the other. However, Syllable Server does not have a full graphical environment yet. We are putting the one from Syllable Desktop on it, so it will become a very easy to use server system, but until we are done, Syllable Server can only be operated from a text mode command prompt. After that, the choice between the two environments will be up to the user. Unlike Syllable Desktop, it will always be possible to run Syllable Server without the graphical environment where and when this is more suitable.
10. Syllable Desktop Is an original, modern operating system design, in the tradition of the Amiga and BeOS, but built using many parts from the GNU project and Linux. It is designed and optimized for your desktop PC, making it exceptionally fast and responsive and easy to use. It is under development, so it is interesting and even exciting to try out, but you have to decide for yourself whether it fits your needs already. Syllable Desktop runs on industry-standard Personal Computers with a minimum of a Pentium compatible processor and 32 MB of memory. It can make a new computer extremely fast and an old computer usable again.
18. Syllable Server Is a small and efficient Linux operating system. It uses the Linux kernel and is compatible with Linux software, but is otherwise built to be as similar as possible to Syllable Desktop, using mostly the same parts. It is optimized for server computers, yet inherits a lot of efficiency and speed from the Syllable Desktop design. The current version only has a text mode console interface suitable for server use and elementary support for running some graphical programs (it is shown here running on Syllable Desktop under emulation). Nonetheless, the clean Syllable design and straightforward documentation make it easy to use. The graphical user interface from Syllable Desktop will be added in later versions to enhance ease of use further. Due to its Linux base, Syllable Server is a stable and usable system. It runs on industry-standard Personal Computers with a minimum of a 486 processor and 16 MB of memory. It can make a new computer very fast and efficient and an old computer usable again.
