This document provides summaries of various language teaching methods throughout history including: - The Grammar Translation Method focuses on translating passages and grammar explanations with little oral use of the target language. - The Direct Method emphasizes meaning and oral use of the target language with no translation. - The Audio-Lingual Method is based on Behaviorism and prioritizes listening and speaking through dialogues. - Designer Methods created since the 1970s like the Silent Way and Total Physical Response use innovative techniques focused on learner discovery and physical movement. - Communicative and task-based approaches center lessons around meaningful tasks and interactions in the target language. - Eclectic teaching combines elements from different methods suited to each lesson.

1. Javier A. García B.
C.I. V-26.609.413

2.  Based mostly on the translation of passages
from the native language into the target
language.
 Little or no attention paid to oral expression
nor communication skills.
 Mainly focused in grammar explanations.
 Little or no oral use of the target language;
the whole class is directed in the native
language.
Proposed by
Prof. Karl Plotz
(1819-1881)

4.  Meaning should be connected directly with
the target language.
 No translation in to the native language.
 A lot of teacher-students dialogues, later
systematic teaching of grammar and
vocabulary.
 The reading skill will be developed through
practice with speaking. Language is primarily
speech.
Usually associated to
François Gouin and
Charles Berlitz

6.  Based on Skinner’s Behaviorism theory.
 It assumed that a human being can be trained
using a system of reinforcement: Correct
behavior receives positive feedback, while
errors receive negative feedback.
 Prioritizes listening and speaking skills over
reading and writing.
 Inductive learning of grammar rules based on
dialogues
Had its origins during
World War II which is
why it is also known as
‘The Army Method’

7.  Teacher-centred.
 Use of tapes, visual aids and ultimately
language labs.
 Reading and written work based on earlier
oral work, sometimes given as homework.
 Focus is on pronunciation.
 Nowadays, it is normally used as a part of
individual lessons rather than as the
foundation of the course.

9.  All methods that have been created since the
1970’s are called designer methods.
 They were first referred to as ‘Designer
Methods’ by David Nunan.
 Fundaments generally psychological and/or
linguistic.
 Some of these designer methods will be
mentioned and explained in the following
slides.

10.  Teachers should be as silent as possible
during a class but learners should be
encouraged to speak as much as possible.
 The learner needs to discover or create.
 Learning is made easier by the use of physical
objects.
 Learning is made easier by problem-solving
using the target language.
Created by
Caleb Gattegno
in 1963

12.  It is based on the coordination of language
and physical movement.
 It is a means of quickly recognizing meaning
in the language being learned.
 Passively learning the structure of the
language itself.
 Grammar is not taught explicitly but can be
learned from the language input.
 It is popular with beginners and with young
learners
Developed by Dr.
James J Asher

14.  Lessons take place against a background of
soothing music in an emotionally comforting
environment.
 Teacher-centred method.
 Positive suggestion and negative "de-
suggestion" by teacher.
 classroom activities based on dialogues,
including Q&A, games and song
Created by
Georgi Lozanov

16.  Extremely learner-focused.
 Focus on fluency in the early stages.
 It's important that the learners understand
their and your new roles in the language
learning process.
 Recorded dialogue transcribed by teacher on
board.
 Analysis of dialogue by learners.
 The teacher plays the part of "counselor",
while the learners are encouraged to work
together
Developed by
Charles Curran

18.  The teacher doesn't pre-determine what
language will be studied.
 The lesson is based around the completion of
a central task and the language studied is
determined by what happens as the students
complete it.
 The students complete a task in pairs or
groups using the language resources that
they have.

19.  A natural context is developed from the
students' experiences with the language that
is personalized and relevant to them.
 The language explored arises from the
students' needs.
 It is enjoyable and motivating.
Popularized by
Teresa P. Pica

21.  The teacher decides what methodology or
approach to use depending on the aims of
the lesson and the learners in the group.
 A typical lesson might combine elements
from various sources.
 It is not based on a single method.
 It is a mixture of approaches and
methodologies.

23.  Follows the child’s interests.
 Moves at the child’s pace.
 Effective at helping children gain literacy
skills and help children grow academically
overall.
 Labels on everyday objects such as “window”,
“chair”, “bookshelf”.
Based on Maria
Montessori’s
way of teaching

25.  Based on 'play and activity' and 'the nurturing
of creativity' to help children develop and
grow.
 Based on the philosophy that humans are
essentially creative beings.
 Young children learn best in settings that
provide a stimulating and prepared
environment.
Based on Friedrich
Froebel’s teaching
method

27.  Strongly influenced by the communicative
approach.
 Similar to the Direct Method.
 Follows a cognitive model.
 Teacher-centred
 Authentic or close to authentic materials are
employed throughout the class.
 Coursebook-centred.
Created by
Lewis Th.
Girau

28.  The arrangement of words in such a way as to
form a suitable pattern of sentence.
 The selection of content words is directed by
their usefulness.
 The goal is that students understand the
pattern and structure of the language.
 Importance of speech.
 Student-centred
 Importance of the formulation of language
habit in arranging words in proper pattern.

30.  https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/write-note-grammar-translation-
method-364053
 https://aminghori.blogspot.com/2017/05/the-direct-method-of-teaching-
english.html
 http://absetiyadi-unila.blogspot.com/2010/10/direct-method.html
 https://www.tefl.net/methods/audiolingual.htm
 https://blog.tjtaylor.net/method-audio-lingual/
 https://www.englishclub.com/tefl-articles/history-english-language-
teaching.htm
 https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/silent-way
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_physical_response
 https://www.tefl.net/methods/suggestopedia.htm
 https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/community-language-learning
 https://www.tefl.net/methods/community-language-learning.htm
 https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/a-task-based-approach

31.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task-based_language_learning
 https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/eclectic-approach
 https://davinciclubar.com/esl-the-montessori-way-5-simple-diy-activities/
 https://www.fundacionmontessori.org/the-montessori-method.htm
 https://www.careforkids.com.au/child-care-articles/article/157/the-
froebel-approach
 https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/methods-post-method-
m%C3%A9todos