SlideShare a Scribd company logo
u rban/
                                 f Sub r CPE
                          r age O utdoo
                     Cove AX O
               l Edge h WiM
        n g Cel nt Wit
  timizi ployme
Op De
Rural




  www.greenpacket.com




  APPLICATION NOTE
Abstract
Wireless broadband operators constantly face challenges of balancing the economics to deploy a robust and reliable
wireless broadband service in suburban-rural areas or at cell-edges. Till to date, a large portion of these areas still
remains hugely underserved or receiving unreliable coverage. Most available studies have shown that WiMAX is indeed
an ideal technology candidate not only for a suburban-rural deployment, but as a wireless broadband technology on an
overall, with most of the studies focusing on infrastructure performance.


This paper in retrospect functions to further solidify the technological advantage of WiMAX, where we explore and proof
the concept of suburban-rural deployment through the optimal pairing of a proper CPE strategy. We will show that the
best solution for suburban-rural area and cell-edge performance can be extended four times through deployment via
outdoor CPEs.


This paper explores deep into the technical and implementation advantages of an outdoor CPE solution, including the
concept of antenna gain, transmission power, integrated POE design and environment-proof enclosure; and the effective
advantage of Line of Sight performance and decreased penetration loss amongst other features of an outdoor CPE. We
will also explore the misconception behind the high incremental cost, difficulty of engineering installation and service
challenges in operations with the implementation of an outdoor CPE which has been the lead culprit towards the low
adoption of this CPE strategy. Greenpacket will share three reference cases where deployment through the OX series
outdoor CPE has shown great success in Australia, Africa and Haiti, from a performance and business implementation
perspective.




APPLICATION NOTE
Introduction
One major challenge for wireless broadband operators is to successfully deploy in a suburban-rural morphology. This
challenge is inherent with disregard of the type of wireless technologies implemented, be it through WiMAX, Satellite, 3G,
CDMA and similarly in the future, with LTE. In our previous white paper “Improving Indoor Coverage: How WiMAX
Modems can Play a Major Role in the Subsystem” (WPWIC10), we have described technologies to improve user
experience when they are farther away from the base station, or in the cell-edge area. We can see that in general,
cell-edge represents the area where poor consistency in connectivity is prevalent, with typical modulation being QPSK
where cell-edge users generally experience low and in many cases, inconsistent throughput speeds.



                                                                                           Point A
                                                                                           Loss of uplink connection (1TX without MIMO
                                                                                           and Beamforming)
                             Downlink
                                                                                           Point B
                                                                                           Loss of downlink connection (without MIMO and
                   64-QAM             16-QAM                   QPSK                        Beamforming)

                                                                 A        B CD
                                                                                           Point C
                                                                                           Loss of downlink connection with MIMO A

                   64-QAM             16-QAM              QPSK
                                                                                           Point D
                                                                                           Loss of downlink connection with Beamforming

                             Uplink

                                                                                           Legend

                                                    Coverage cut off point
                                                                                           • uplink connection
                                                                                           • downlink connection

Figure 1 : UL and DL Modulation Relative to Cell Radius


The figure below represents a typical wireless cell that has a cell-center with radius ‘r’ and cell edge with a radius of ‘2r’.
Tabulating the coverage area, the cell-edge would give us an area of coverage equivalent to 4πr², while the cell-center is
only πr². Showing the distinct differences in coverage area achieved between the cell-edge and cell-center. This direct
difference implies that the efficiency of spectrum utilization by the base station is not able to achieve its intended
maximum coverage and capacity capability unless higher modulation scheme can be extended further into the cell-edge
coverage area; without which, a decent robust connectivity is next to impossible by just relying on the base station itself.


                                                                                 cell center
                                                          F1


                                                          F                            cell edge



                                         2r
                                              F                      F                 r


                                              F2                     F3




                                                                                                                                 01
APPLICATION NOTE
WiMAX As The Best Solution With Outdoor CPE
Challenges For Rural Broadband Deployment

Broadband penetration in rural areas across the world has lagged far behind than that in urban areas, both in developed
countries as well as in developing countries. This is mainly due to multiple reasons which make providing coverage in
these areas economically non-viable. The main reasons for this low penetration lie within the following TOP 3
roadblocks:


• As population density in rural areas is relatively low, setting up and maintaining copper or fiber lines to provide
  broadband service across the “last mile” incurs high costs for Internet Service Providers (ISPs)


• Capacity on the backhaul or the “middle mile” from the ISP to the Internet backbone is often very limited and
  expensive as it is provided over facilities designed for voice telephony or cable television


• The difference in per capita income between rural areas and urban regions means that broadband services need to
  be offered at a lower-price point in the rural areas in order to gain customer adoption.


This combination of high CAPEX/OPEX and low Average Revenue per User (ARPU) has traditionally made the rural
broadband market less lucrative for service providers, but the advent of new high speed mobile broadband technologies
such as WiMAX has rapidly changed the situation.




                                                                                                                   02
APPLICATION NOTE
WiMAX As The Ideal Solution For Rural Broadband Deployments

As operators around the world evaluate multiple technologies for rural broadband deployments, WiMAX is emerging as
the de-facto standard. The advantages offered by WiMAX have time and again proven its commercial viability, among
others:


• Infrastructure Effectiveness: WiMAX offers a highly cost effective solution to address the rural broadband conundrum
  as physical infrastructure need not be rolled out to individual customer premises on the last mile. This significantly
  reduces the overall cost and the time-to-market in deploying the network.


• Flexible Network Deployment: WiMAX allows operators to surgically choose deployment options and focus on
  specific areas where there is strong demand.


• High Data Throughput: 802.16e has reached a stage of technology and standards maturity with field proven results
  that shows data throughput of over 40Mbps (@10MHz channel bandwidth).


• Spectrum Concerns: WiMAX spectrum has typically been less expensive worldwide as compared to 3G licenses.
  Additionally, with mobile WiMAX being on licensed band, operators can deploy rural broadband networks with no
  spectrum-related concerns.


The largest challenge facing operators in deploying a suburban/rural service is to create a balanced business case that
allows them to maximize the access infrastructure capability from a coverage and capacity perspective and at the same
time to deliver a robust and reliable service with a positive revenue return. Greenpacket believes that this can be realized
effectively if ‘Line Of Sight’ (LOS) can be achieved through the pairing of Outdoor CPE to the network, where we will
investigate the technology, performance and reveal a detailed deep dive reference case study based on a suburban/rural
environment profile.




                                                                                                                   03
APPLICATION NOTE
Advantages Of Outdoor CPE
The right CPE strategy for cell-edge and suburban/rural area is to deploy Outdoor CPE, and from our experience,
outdoor CPE have the following advantages.


i. Improved Uplink Technologies
ii. High Transmission Power And High Gain Directional Antenna
iii. Zero Penetration Loss
iv. Further Improvements Due To Line Of Sight
v. When Compared To External Antenna Option, Minimal Cable Loss
vi. Environmentally Robust
vii. Easy Installation
viii. Plug And Play


(i) Improved Uplink Technologies

We have stated a comprehensive analysis of the importance of uplink technologies in our previous white paper “A
Practical Approach to Improve WiMAX Indoor Coverage.” Here, we briefly describe the most important technology Dual
transmitter (2TX) which is implemented in our OX series Outdoor CPE.


Dual Transmitter (2Tx) (CDD)


The simplest Dual Transmitter technology employs Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) algorithm and signals are transmitted via
a single data stream through two antennas and two power amplifiers – hence, both antennas are switched on and used
for transmission. The combined power from two PAs provides approximately an additional perceived 3dB gain with
potentially lower power consumption (if PA’s are tuned to a lower power). This arrangement improves uplink performance
and lengthens coverage through better signal strength; however, it increases the cost of the modem as more
components are used.


Dual Transmitter (2Tx) STC Matrix (Uplink MIMO A)


The second generation Dual Transmitter technology further employs Space Time Coding signaling algorithm (Uplink
MIMO A) instead of just (CDD) algorithm as previously mentioned. However, in order to support this new algorithm, base
stations need to be upgraded to support WiMAX R1.5. The hardware implementation is the same as Dual Transmitter
(CDD) where transmission is conducted through two antennas and two power amplifiers. The combined power from two
PAs provides approximately an additional perceived 4dB gain, which is better than the Dual Transmitter (CDD).


                                                                             Antenna 2

                                                                        PA
                             Baseband              RF
                                                                        PA
                                                                             Antenna 1




                                                                                                              04
Figure 2: Dual Transmitter (2Tx) component arrangement for CDD or STC




APPLICATION NOTE
(ii) High Transmission Power And High Gain Directional Antenna

Comparatively, Outdoor CPEs are designed with higher maximum transmit EIRP. Greenpacket OX series Outdoor CPE
has a 14dBi antenna, Dual transmitters (2Tx) with a combined Tx power rated at 27dBm, thus a maximum transmit EIRP
equivalent to 41dBm, making it the most powerful mobile WiMAX CPE in the market today. Directional antenna is
conventionally implemented to optimize the antenna performance specifically aligned to face towards the base station.
Different from an indoor or USB based device, operator will normally assign service engineers to the premise where
installation is based on the optimum facing direction and upon locating it, the outdoor antenna is locked into place.
Figure 3 shows a sample antenna pattern for the 2.5GHz model. The diagram shows a concentrated RF energy radiated
in a single direction (+- 10 degrees within the pink line). This specific radiation pattern plays the highest role of effectively
increasing the coverage area.




Figure 3: Antenna patterns for OX250 main antenna



                                      5dB improvement                     11dB improvement




         USB dongles                             Indoor CPE                              Outdooe CPE (OX series)
         Average 23dBm                           Average 25dBm                           Average 27dBm (2Ti)
         2dBi Antenna                            5dBi Antenna                            14dBi Antenna




Figure 4 : Improvements of Outdoor CPE over indoor CPE. We can see that OX series can have 16dB improvements from




                                                                                                                      05
indoor USB dongles




APPLICATION NOTE
(iii) Zero Penetration Loss

Throughout our deployment experience, depending on the depth and material of the building, Glass windows and
concrete walls induces a 6dB and 12dB penetration loss respectively where the implementation through indoor CPEs
will normally endure. An Outdoor CPE, being placed normally on the roof of a specific building has the advantage of
being subjected to zero penetration loss, even without line-of-sight (LOS).




Figure 5: Frequency Vs Depth of penetration (Pd) for representative profiles of clay soils of pune at different soil moisture
        conditions (weight %)


(iv) Further Improvements With Line Of Sight (LOS)

The key advantage for Outdoor CPE is that it can easily achieve Line of Sight (LOS) with proper mounting. Having
achieved Line of Sight (LOS), there is no longer a multi-path problem and we can ensure optimal RF path between the
CPE and the base station. Figure 6 shows how Line of Sight can be achieved by moving the CPE above the roof with a
pole.




                                                LOS
                                            CPE (OutDoor)



                                               NLOS
                                             CPE (InDoor)


Figure 6: Improvement of LOS with o utdoor CPE


In addition, studies show that for a full featured base station. To achieve the same transmission data rate of 11Mbps,
LOS cell radius can be as far as 30km, while Non Line of Sight (NLOS) cell radius is only limited to 4km. This accounts
for five times the radius or about 25 times more coverage area for the same base station. LOS is a very critical




                                                                                                                   06
factor that affects the performance of the network, where an Outdoor CPE is proven to be the ideal solutions
to achieve LOS.




APPLICATION NOTE
Full Featured
                                                                                         From          To

                 Cell radius (Km)                           LOS                            30           50
                                                            NLOS ( Ereg-Flat)              4            9
                                                            Indoor self-install CPE        1            2

                                                            Download                     11.3           8
                 Maximum throghput per sector (Mbps)
                                                            uplink                       11.3           8

                 Maximum throghput per CPE at Cell          Download                     11.3           8
                 Edge (Mbps)                                uplink                         0.7      0.175

                                                 Maximum number of subscribers                   More



Table 1: LOS and NLOS performance comparison using Full featured Base Station




  LOS 30 to 50km

  NLOS 4 to 9km

  Indoor self-install
  1 to 2km




Figure 7 : Coverage Distance Differerence for LOS and NLOS deployment


(v) Outdoor CPE VS Indoor CPE + External Antenna: Minimal Cable Loss

Another common solution to achieve LOS performance is to use outdoor external antenna to connect to an indoor CPE.
However, using external antenna introduces cable losses. For example, we can see in the below diagram, a typical cable
used for external antenna is RG316, which introduces about 1.5dB loss per meter length. Therefore, for an outdoor
extension of 10m, this contributes to 15dB loss, which has similar magnitude as the typical outdoor external Antenna
gain. This limitation is not absolute, where external antenna solutions with super high gain (greater than 15dBi) and super
low loss cable (less than 0.5dB/m) can be found, the question is however extended to economic sense of forming a
realistic solution rather than the best solution.




                                                                                                                  07
APPLICATION NOTE
(vi) Outdoor CPE VS Indoor CPE + External Antenna: Minimal Cable Loss

Another common solution to achieve LOS performance is to use outdoor external antenna to connect to an indoor CPE.
However, using external antenna introduces cable losses. For example, we can see in the below diagram, a typical cable
used for external antenna is RG316, which introduces about 1.5dB loss per meter length. Therefore, for an outdoor
extension of 10m, this contributes to 15dB loss, which has similar magnitude as the typical outdoor external Antenna
gain. This limitation is not absolute, where external antenna solutions with super high gain (greater than 15dBi) and super
low loss cable (less than 0.5dB/m) can be found, the question is however extended to economic sense of forming a
realistic solution rather than the best solution.

Coaxial Cable :RG_316_/U
Matrix Of Attenuation and Power CW
Coefficients:

                             a=0.7727 , b=0.0972 , Fmax =3 , Pwt 1GHz = 135
                            Frequency    Nom attenuation        Nom attenuation           Max. CW power
                               (GHz)          (dB/m)                  (dB/ft)                 (watt)
                                             sea level               sea level                sea level
                                          25˚ C amblent           25˚ C amblent            40˚ C amblent
                                           temperature             temperature              temperature
                               2.1              1.32                   0.402                    93
                               2.3              1.40                   0.427                    89
                               2.4              1.43                   0.436                    87
                               2.6              1.50                   0.457                    84
                               2.7              1.53                   0.466                    82
                               2.9              1.60                   0.488                    82
                               3.0              1.63                   0.497                    78


Table 2 : Typical cable loss for Coaxial RG316 cable which is used for external antenna




                                         Indoor CPE           Indoor CPE with external Ant                 Outdoor CPE
         Antenna Gain                    5dBi                 Not used                                     Not used
         Cable Loss (RG316)              0                    -9dB                                         0
         External antenna                None                 14dBi                                        None
         Penetration Loss                -6dB                 None                                         None
         Total Ant gain                  -1dB                 5dB                                          14dB
         Line of Sight                   NO                   YES                                          YES
         Performance                     Poor                 OK                                           Best



Table 3 : Comparison between a 2.5GHz Indoor CPE with and without a 14dBi external antenna, and a 2.5GHz Outdoor CPE
mounted on a pole 6m above the ground




                                                                                                                         08
APPLICATION NOTE
Uncover The Myth about Outdoor CPE
There exist general misconceptions about outdoor CPE implementation in terms of cost, having extreme restriction on
being heavy, performing unreliably under changing weather conditions, and extremely difficult to install and service.


New advancement on design and architecture has changed all this, Greenpacket’s OX series outdoor CPE is an example
where cost is effectively affordable, weighing in at less than 2kg, flexibly mountable on a wall or pole or roof edge and
capable of enduring temperatures between - 40°C ~ 60°C while in operations.


Most importantly, OX series enclosure is certified to be IP67 compliant which comes with a protection against the effects
of immersion in water up to depth of 1 meter. POE (Power over Ethernet) cable is also an important feature which
ensures that only a single cable (RJ45) is stretched from the outdoor unit (ODU) directly indoors to the end user, where
both the power and data is carried.




(i) Environmentally Robust

In addition, OX series outdoor CPE is equipped with a robust mounting kit which has been certified to withstand severe
windward and crosswinds. Figure 8 show the test result for OX series outdoor CPE withstanding hurricane rated winds
(windward/crosswind under 60m/s for 10 minutes, Beauford Wind Force Scale 17)




Figure 8 : Greenpacket OX series under Hurricane-force Winward Test




                                                                                                               09
APPLICATION NOTE
(ii) Easy Installation

OX series outdoor CPE mounting kit provides complete flexibility for installation. The pole-mounting and wall-mounting
brackets can be selected according to field needs. The multi-angle mounting kit can also be adjusted where the antenna
can be positioned to face toward the base station, receiving Line-of-Sight (LOS) signals. Figure 8 illustrates the quick
installation using the standard mounting kit, withal done within five minutes.




                         Screw (35mm)
                  Screw (60mm)
              Split washer                                                Lockwasher
           Flat washer                                                       Split washer
      Bracket with Tab                                                         Flat washer
   Bracket W/L Tab                                                                Nut
            Nut




                                                                                             X2 Needed




Figure 9 : Examples of Pole Mount (vertical or horizontal) installation


(iii) Plug And Play, Auto Provisioning, And On-Site Service Free

Greenpacket ensures that operators are free from having to manage the provisioning of devices. The device
comes pre-provisioned to allow end subscribers to plug and be automatically connected to the operator’s



                                                                                                               10
base stations for an immediate play.




APPLICATION NOTE
The Rural Leapfrog – ENDING THE WAIT FOR RURAL
 CONNECTIVITY
 Verifying It On The Field

 Understanding the concept and technological advantage of mobile WiMAX coupled with the service offering via an
 Outdoor Modem validates it as a viable solution option for rural connectivity. The bigger question remains on the
 performance capability of the WiMAX outdoor modem when deployed in a commercial field that is subjected to
 subscriber loading and the environmental uncertainties knowing historically the inherent limitation of implementation via
 a wireless technology.


 Vivid Wireless, is the first WISP to launch a mobile WiMAX network in Australia has had a successful service uptake since
 its launch in April 2010 covering the urban and suburban areas in cities of Perth, Sydney and Melbourne via Indoor IADs
 and USB modem. Looking to extend its service coverage to the fringing suburban and semi-rural areas within the city,
 Vivid Wireless conducted a citywide evaluation to benchmark the performance of the OX outdoor modem. Vivid Wireless
 wanted the performance test to be conducted on its commercially live network to ensure that the end results obtained
 is strictly similar to the end user experience. Choosing to compare it against the current commercially offered Green
 Packet high gain DX Indoor IAD, Vivid Wireless has the objective:-


 1. To ensuring that the OX meets the technical specification as stated in its product datasheet.
 2. To record the additional gain in coverage, and
 3. To record the throughput speeds experienced



                                                 DX 230-Indoor IAD                   OX 230-Outdoor Modem

     Frequency                                   2.3GHz                              2.3GHz
     Maximum RF Transmit Power                   28dBm (Combined 2Tx)                27dBm (Combined 2Tx)
     Antenna Type                                Intergrated Omni with 5dBi gain     Dual polarized with 14dBi gain
     Received sensitivity                        Average 5dB higher than WiMAX       Average 5dB higher than WiMAX
                                                 Forum RCT speci cation              Forum RCT Speci cation

     MIMO                                        Matrix A & B                        Matrix A & B




 Table 4 : Technical Specification between Indoor IAD and Outdoor Modem


 DX230 was mounted inside the test drive vehicle on the passenger seat while the OX230 is mounted on the roof of the
 car. Both RSSI and CINR measurement were recorded in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) positions.
 The test drive was performed at multiple locations that varied between 200 meters and 9.5 kilometers to the base
 station.




                                                                                                                  11
APPLICATION NOTE
Purple shade represents existing network coverage area

                                                                        Green shade indicates increased coveage area when
                                                                              using OX230 modem




Figure 10 : Coverage planning comparison between Indoor IAD and Outdoor Modem


On completion, Vivid Wireless observed significant performance increase from the OX outdoor modem with the OX
having an average 12dBm more coverage, reaching a radius of over 9.5 kilometer with LOS. Proving that OX meets the
specification as stipulated even on the field. This significant coverage gained will allow Vivid access to an additional
72,000 new subscribers on its existing infrastructure, allowing it to maximize and monetize its infrastructure investment
further.

                                                                 OX 230-Outdoor              Indoor / Outdoor
                                     DX 230-Indoor IAD               Modem                        (Delta)
                      Distance to      RSSI       CINR          RSSI           CINR        RSSI        CINR
               LOS        Cell
                          (m)         (dBm)      (dBm)         (dBm)          (dBm)       (dBm)       (dBm)

                Yes       250          -43        26.6          -32            26.4          11         -0.2

                No        840         -60.5       24.4          -52.1          19.5         8.4         -4.9

                No        1100         -64        10.9          -50.3          20.3         13.7        9.4

                No        1900         -84        8.1           -74             7.6          10         -0.5

                Yes       2870        -54.6       9.7           -37.1          14.7         17.5         5

                Yes       6400         -51        11.1          -41             8.3          10         -2.8

                Yes       9500        -80.6       6.2           -64.5           4.7         16.1        -1.5


Table 5 : Summary test result comparison between Indoor IAD and Outdoor Modem


Numerous operators globally have had commercially successful deployments through similar strategies. Greenpacket
approaches most of its deployment together with the operator in a collaborative manner, seeing multiple successful
deployments in suburban and rural scenarios.




                                                                                                                       12
APPLICATION NOTE
Reaching Within Remote Africa

 Direct-on-PC, a the leading operator in Nigeria has been deploying mobile WiMAX under the service name of Unwired
 by extending its wireless broadband voice and data services covering sub-urban and rural developing communities in
 selective areas of Lagos, Abuja and Port-Harcourt as a complimentary broadband access network to their existing VSAT
 and fixed wireless networks. The flexibility of mobile WiMAX has allowed the operator to grow its service coverage area
 flexibly as service demand grows.


 The strategy of service implementation via outdoor based CPE creates the best service advantage as it allows
 maximization of coverage making the service robust and reliable, perfect to the harsh conditions of the West African
 nation.


 With mobile WiMAX having the capacity efficiency that is 10x higher with an upfront subscriber acquisition cost that is
 1/5 of current satellite network, the business case of providing affordable voice and broadband service is achievable. This
 has created confidence that the 4G network plans is set to lay the foundation for growth, both for the company and to
 the development of the underserved market.


 Bringing Broadband To The Remote Islands

 The islands of the Caribbean are a well known holiday destination with a developing community and economy. Providing
 broadband services in islands with harsh environmental terrain has always been a challenge to service providers.


 Digicel International has been the champion serving over 11 million customers across 32 markets mainly on the islands
 of the Caribbean and the Pacific. Having launched mobile WiMAX in Haiti, Digicel has had a great success with its
 pay-as-you surf mobile WiMAX services in suburban areas of Haiti currently providing robust fast broadband services
 through Greenpacket indoor and USB based devices.


 Looking to extend the services offering in rural and remote areas, with the service quality having similar robustness is
 something that Digicel insist to maintain, in order to achieve this while not having to incur huge incremental CAPEX
 investment by deploying additional infrastructure to these subscribers located mainly in fringing cell edge of the network.
 The outdoor modem was evaluated and results has proved to be the perfect solution extending the coverage within a
 healthy modulation scheme to achieve broadband speeds and consistent service.


 Even with a higher subscriber acquisition cost via the outdoor modem implementation, the huge CAPEX/OPEX savings
 from infrastructure spending allows Digicel to scale the deployment needs with the number of subscription growth.




                                                                                                                   13
APPLICATION NOTE
Explore A Blue Ocean Of Opportunity In Rural Connectivity
Today

As a leading developer of Next Generation Mobile Broadband solutions, Greenpacket has both the experience and best in class 4G WiMAX
devices specifically designed for operators looking to maximize their investment in delivering a robust, reliable and fast 4G broadband for
RURAL CONNECTIVITY.




Free Consultation
If you would like a free consultation on selecting WiMAX modems for your fixed broadband network, please contact us
at marketing.gp@greenpacket.com (kindly quote the reference code, DAP0411 when you contact us).




                                                                                                                                14
APPLICATION NOTE
References
1. IRIX123 User Manual, Greenpacket
2. WiMAX’s technology for LOS and NLOS environments, WiMAX Forum Release
3. OX Series User Manual, Greenpacket
4. OX250 Antenna report, Greenpacket
5. Datasheet for Coaxial cable RG316, Huber + Suhner
6. K.S.Rao, Girish Chandra and P.V.Narasimha Rao, Study on penetration depth and its dependence on frequency, soil
   moisture, texture and temperature in the context of microwave remote sensing
7. http://www.itu.int/newsarchive/press/WTDC98/Feature1.html
8. http://it.tmcnet.com/topics/it/articles/36595-internet-usage-gaps-developing-countries-challenges-solutions.htm




                                                                                                          15
APPLICATION NOTE
About Greenpacket
     Greenpacket is the international arm of the Green Packet Berhad group of companies which is listed on the Main Board
     of the Malaysian Bourse. Founded in San Francisco’s Silicon Valley in 2000 and now headquartered in Kuala Lumpur,
     Malaysia, Greenpacket has a presence in 9 countries and is continuously expanding to be near its customers and in
     readiness for new markets.


     We are a leading developer of Next Generation Mobile Broadband and Networking Solutions for Telecommunications
     Operators across the globe. Our mission is to provide seamless and unified platforms for the delivery of user-centric
     multimedia communications services regardless of the nature and availability of backbone infrastructures.


     At Greenpacket, we pride ourselves on being constantly at the forefront of technology. Our leading carrier-grade
     solutions and award-winning consumer devices help Telecommunications Operators open new avenues, meet new
     demands, and enrich the lifestyles of their subscribers, while forging new relationships. We see a future of limitless
     freedom in wireless communications and continuously commit to meeting the needs of our customers with leading edge
     solutions.


     With product development centers in USA, Shanghai, and Taiwan, we are on the cutting edge of new developments in
     4G (particularly WiMAX and LTE), as well as in software advancement. Our leadership position in the Telco industry is
     further enhanced by our strategic alliances with leading industry players.


     Additionally, our award-winning WiMAX modems have successfully completed interoperability tests with major WiMAX
     players and are being used by the world’s largest WiMAX Operators. We are also the leading carrier solutions provider in
     APAC catering to both 4G and 3G networks and aim to be No. 1 globally by the end of 2010.


     For more information, visit: www.greenpacket.com.




San Francisco · Kuala Lumpur · Singapore · Shanghai · Taiwan · Sydney · Bahrain · Bangkok · Hong Kong




                   Associate
                    Member


Copyright © 2001-2011 Green Packet Berhad. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language, in any form
by any means, without the written permission of Green Packet Berhad. Green Packet Berhad reserves the right to modify or discontinue any product or piece of literature at anytime without prior notice.

More Related Content

What's hot

Comparing wi max_vs_3g_white_paper
Comparing wi max_vs_3g_white_paperComparing wi max_vs_3g_white_paper
Comparing wi max_vs_3g_white_paper
Amal Shah
 
Managing OPEX and CAPEX in small cell backhaul
Managing OPEX and CAPEX in small cell backhaulManaging OPEX and CAPEX in small cell backhaul
Managing OPEX and CAPEX in small cell backhaul
CBNL
 
Comcast metro ethernet enterprise services overview
Comcast metro ethernet enterprise services overviewComcast metro ethernet enterprise services overview
Comcast metro ethernet enterprise services overview
timmurphycomcast
 
MeshDynamics Mesh Networks- High Level Overview
MeshDynamics Mesh Networks- High Level OverviewMeshDynamics Mesh Networks- High Level Overview
MeshDynamics Mesh Networks- High Level Overview
MeshDynamics
 
Dvb s2-vcm
Dvb s2-vcmDvb s2-vcm
Dvb s2-vcm
TELE-satellite deu
 
Dvb s2-vcm
Dvb s2-vcmDvb s2-vcm
IP Trunking
IP TrunkingIP Trunking
Lecture-9 Data Communication ~www.fida.com.bd
Lecture-9 Data Communication ~www.fida.com.bdLecture-9 Data Communication ~www.fida.com.bd
Lecture-9 Data Communication ~www.fida.com.bd
QUT (Queensland University of Technology)
 
Unified MPLS
Unified MPLSUnified MPLS
An SDN Based Approach To Measuring And Optimizing ABR Video Quality Of Experi...
An SDN Based Approach To Measuring And Optimizing ABR Video Quality Of Experi...An SDN Based Approach To Measuring And Optimizing ABR Video Quality Of Experi...
An SDN Based Approach To Measuring And Optimizing ABR Video Quality Of Experi...
Cisco Service Provider
 
2 amrwb
2 amrwb2 amrwb
2 amrwb
periodo
 
Maximizing your coaxial (cable tv) v2
Maximizing your coaxial (cable tv) v2Maximizing your coaxial (cable tv) v2
Maximizing your coaxial (cable tv) v2
Broto Santoso
 
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
IJERD Editor
 
gsm-network-optimization
gsm-network-optimizationgsm-network-optimization
gsm-network-optimization
Muhammad Yahya
 
Deploying LTE Femtocells in Order to Achieve Coverage in Rural Areas
Deploying LTE Femtocells in Order to Achieve Coverage in Rural AreasDeploying LTE Femtocells in Order to Achieve Coverage in Rural Areas
Deploying LTE Femtocells in Order to Achieve Coverage in Rural Areas
Arief Gunawan
 
Case Study Atento
Case Study AtentoCase Study Atento
Case Study Atento
Rafael Martinez
 
Comparison of LTE and WiMAX
Comparison of LTE and WiMAXComparison of LTE and WiMAX
Comparison of LTE and WiMAX
Cisco Service Provider
 
Cloud ran for mobile networks—a technology overview
Cloud ran for mobile networks—a technology overviewCloud ran for mobile networks—a technology overview
Cloud ran for mobile networks—a technology overview
ieeepondy
 
Hfc dwdm
Hfc dwdmHfc dwdm
Hfc dwdm
David Cesar
 

What's hot (19)

Comparing wi max_vs_3g_white_paper
Comparing wi max_vs_3g_white_paperComparing wi max_vs_3g_white_paper
Comparing wi max_vs_3g_white_paper
 
Managing OPEX and CAPEX in small cell backhaul
Managing OPEX and CAPEX in small cell backhaulManaging OPEX and CAPEX in small cell backhaul
Managing OPEX and CAPEX in small cell backhaul
 
Comcast metro ethernet enterprise services overview
Comcast metro ethernet enterprise services overviewComcast metro ethernet enterprise services overview
Comcast metro ethernet enterprise services overview
 
MeshDynamics Mesh Networks- High Level Overview
MeshDynamics Mesh Networks- High Level OverviewMeshDynamics Mesh Networks- High Level Overview
MeshDynamics Mesh Networks- High Level Overview
 
Dvb s2-vcm
Dvb s2-vcmDvb s2-vcm
Dvb s2-vcm
 
Dvb s2-vcm
Dvb s2-vcmDvb s2-vcm
Dvb s2-vcm
 
IP Trunking
IP TrunkingIP Trunking
IP Trunking
 
Lecture-9 Data Communication ~www.fida.com.bd
Lecture-9 Data Communication ~www.fida.com.bdLecture-9 Data Communication ~www.fida.com.bd
Lecture-9 Data Communication ~www.fida.com.bd
 
Unified MPLS
Unified MPLSUnified MPLS
Unified MPLS
 
An SDN Based Approach To Measuring And Optimizing ABR Video Quality Of Experi...
An SDN Based Approach To Measuring And Optimizing ABR Video Quality Of Experi...An SDN Based Approach To Measuring And Optimizing ABR Video Quality Of Experi...
An SDN Based Approach To Measuring And Optimizing ABR Video Quality Of Experi...
 
2 amrwb
2 amrwb2 amrwb
2 amrwb
 
Maximizing your coaxial (cable tv) v2
Maximizing your coaxial (cable tv) v2Maximizing your coaxial (cable tv) v2
Maximizing your coaxial (cable tv) v2
 
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
 
gsm-network-optimization
gsm-network-optimizationgsm-network-optimization
gsm-network-optimization
 
Deploying LTE Femtocells in Order to Achieve Coverage in Rural Areas
Deploying LTE Femtocells in Order to Achieve Coverage in Rural AreasDeploying LTE Femtocells in Order to Achieve Coverage in Rural Areas
Deploying LTE Femtocells in Order to Achieve Coverage in Rural Areas
 
Case Study Atento
Case Study AtentoCase Study Atento
Case Study Atento
 
Comparison of LTE and WiMAX
Comparison of LTE and WiMAXComparison of LTE and WiMAX
Comparison of LTE and WiMAX
 
Cloud ran for mobile networks—a technology overview
Cloud ran for mobile networks—a technology overviewCloud ran for mobile networks—a technology overview
Cloud ran for mobile networks—a technology overview
 
Hfc dwdm
Hfc dwdmHfc dwdm
Hfc dwdm
 

Viewers also liked

Green packet-wimax-modem-case studies-2012
Green packet-wimax-modem-case studies-2012Green packet-wimax-modem-case studies-2012
Green packet-wimax-modem-case studies-2012
wimax-modem-cpe
 
3 SECRETS TO CAPTURE THE MOBILE WIMAX MARKET
3 SECRETS TO CAPTURE THE MOBILE WIMAX MARKET3 SECRETS TO CAPTURE THE MOBILE WIMAX MARKET
3 SECRETS TO CAPTURE THE MOBILE WIMAX MARKET
Green Packet
 
Application Stores: How Operators Can Create a Winning Case
Application Stores: How Operators Can Create a Winning CaseApplication Stores: How Operators Can Create a Winning Case
Application Stores: How Operators Can Create a Winning Case
Green Packet
 
Hostless : Simple Connectivity For WiMax Devices
Hostless : Simple Connectivity For WiMax DevicesHostless : Simple Connectivity For WiMax Devices
Hostless : Simple Connectivity For WiMax Devices
Green Packet
 
Wi-Fi Driving Mobile Internet Explosion in Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi Driving Mobile Internet Explosion in Next Generation NetworksWi-Fi Driving Mobile Internet Explosion in Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi Driving Mobile Internet Explosion in Next Generation Networks
Green Packet
 
3GPP
3GPP3GPP
Self Service Customer Care For Next Generation Networks
Self Service Customer Care For Next Generation NetworksSelf Service Customer Care For Next Generation Networks
Self Service Customer Care For Next Generation Networks
Green Packet
 

Viewers also liked (7)

Green packet-wimax-modem-case studies-2012
Green packet-wimax-modem-case studies-2012Green packet-wimax-modem-case studies-2012
Green packet-wimax-modem-case studies-2012
 
3 SECRETS TO CAPTURE THE MOBILE WIMAX MARKET
3 SECRETS TO CAPTURE THE MOBILE WIMAX MARKET3 SECRETS TO CAPTURE THE MOBILE WIMAX MARKET
3 SECRETS TO CAPTURE THE MOBILE WIMAX MARKET
 
Application Stores: How Operators Can Create a Winning Case
Application Stores: How Operators Can Create a Winning CaseApplication Stores: How Operators Can Create a Winning Case
Application Stores: How Operators Can Create a Winning Case
 
Hostless : Simple Connectivity For WiMax Devices
Hostless : Simple Connectivity For WiMax DevicesHostless : Simple Connectivity For WiMax Devices
Hostless : Simple Connectivity For WiMax Devices
 
Wi-Fi Driving Mobile Internet Explosion in Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi Driving Mobile Internet Explosion in Next Generation NetworksWi-Fi Driving Mobile Internet Explosion in Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi Driving Mobile Internet Explosion in Next Generation Networks
 
3GPP
3GPP3GPP
3GPP
 
Self Service Customer Care For Next Generation Networks
Self Service Customer Care For Next Generation NetworksSelf Service Customer Care For Next Generation Networks
Self Service Customer Care For Next Generation Networks
 

Similar to Optimizing Cell Ddge Coverage Of Suburban/Rural Deployment With WiMAX Outdoor CPE

Solving Civilization’s Long Term Communication Needs by Dinesh Kummaran, Tran...
Solving Civilization’s Long Term Communication Needs by Dinesh Kummaran, Tran...Solving Civilization’s Long Term Communication Needs by Dinesh Kummaran, Tran...
Solving Civilization’s Long Term Communication Needs by Dinesh Kummaran, Tran...
MyNOG
 
C ran-field-trail-exfo cstudy060-v2_en
C ran-field-trail-exfo cstudy060-v2_enC ran-field-trail-exfo cstudy060-v2_en
C ran-field-trail-exfo cstudy060-v2_en
Saurabh Verma
 
Evolving to an open C-RAN Architecture for 5G
Evolving to an open C-RAN Architecture for 5GEvolving to an open C-RAN Architecture for 5G
Evolving to an open C-RAN Architecture for 5G
kinsleyaniston
 
Gsc20 session6 5_g_chih_ieee
Gsc20 session6 5_g_chih_ieeeGsc20 session6 5_g_chih_ieee
Gsc20 session6 5_g_chih_ieee
Abdisalam A. Mohamed
 
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 20165G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
Daniel Sproats
 
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016 5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
ADVA
 
Newtec - Optimisation of Satellite Capacity Efficiency for IP Trunking Applic...
Newtec - Optimisation of Satellite Capacity Efficiency for IP Trunking Applic...Newtec - Optimisation of Satellite Capacity Efficiency for IP Trunking Applic...
Newtec - Optimisation of Satellite Capacity Efficiency for IP Trunking Applic...
Sematron UK Ltd
 
Newtec FlexACM
Newtec FlexACMNewtec FlexACM
Newtec FlexACM
Sematron UK Ltd
 
Maximizing Performance using 3.5 GHz Fixed Wireless Broadband
Maximizing Performance using 3.5 GHz Fixed Wireless BroadbandMaximizing Performance using 3.5 GHz Fixed Wireless Broadband
Maximizing Performance using 3.5 GHz Fixed Wireless Broadband
jerianasmith
 
Internet acess to rural areas using wifi altanai bisht , 1st year
Internet acess to rural areas using wifi   altanai bisht , 1st yearInternet acess to rural areas using wifi   altanai bisht , 1st year
Internet acess to rural areas using wifi altanai bisht , 1st year
ALTANAI BISHT
 
Wireless Technology Evolution - UC Irvine/DASpedia Seminar - John K Bramfeld
Wireless Technology Evolution - UC Irvine/DASpedia Seminar - John K BramfeldWireless Technology Evolution - UC Irvine/DASpedia Seminar - John K Bramfeld
Wireless Technology Evolution - UC Irvine/DASpedia Seminar - John K Bramfeld
John K. Bramfeld
 
White Paper: Evolving Technolgies for Mobile Front and Backhauling
White Paper: Evolving Technolgies for Mobile Front and BackhaulingWhite Paper: Evolving Technolgies for Mobile Front and Backhauling
White Paper: Evolving Technolgies for Mobile Front and Backhauling
Susmita Adhikari Joshi
 
A Survey on Emerging WiMAX Antenna Technologies and Slotted Microstrip Patch ...
A Survey on Emerging WiMAX Antenna Technologies and Slotted Microstrip Patch ...A Survey on Emerging WiMAX Antenna Technologies and Slotted Microstrip Patch ...
A Survey on Emerging WiMAX Antenna Technologies and Slotted Microstrip Patch ...
IRJET Journal
 
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in  Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in  Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...
Naresh Biloniya
 
Solving the 5G fronthaul challenge with Ethernet and passive WDM
Solving the 5G fronthaul challenge with Ethernet and passive WDMSolving the 5G fronthaul challenge with Ethernet and passive WDM
Solving the 5G fronthaul challenge with Ethernet and passive WDM
ADVA
 
White Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hs
White Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hsWhite Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hs
White Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hs
Susmita Adhikari Joshi
 
Rethinking Mobile Backhaul Offering for a Fixed Operator like Colt
Rethinking Mobile Backhaul Offering for a Fixed Operator like ColtRethinking Mobile Backhaul Offering for a Fixed Operator like Colt
Rethinking Mobile Backhaul Offering for a Fixed Operator like Colt
Valéry Augais
 
Ft2510561062
Ft2510561062Ft2510561062
Ft2510561062
IJERA Editor
 
The coherent optical edge
The coherent optical edgeThe coherent optical edge
The coherent optical edge
ADVA
 
Microwave towards 2020 presentation
Microwave towards 2020 presentationMicrowave towards 2020 presentation
Microwave towards 2020 presentation
Ericsson
 

Similar to Optimizing Cell Ddge Coverage Of Suburban/Rural Deployment With WiMAX Outdoor CPE (20)

Solving Civilization’s Long Term Communication Needs by Dinesh Kummaran, Tran...
Solving Civilization’s Long Term Communication Needs by Dinesh Kummaran, Tran...Solving Civilization’s Long Term Communication Needs by Dinesh Kummaran, Tran...
Solving Civilization’s Long Term Communication Needs by Dinesh Kummaran, Tran...
 
C ran-field-trail-exfo cstudy060-v2_en
C ran-field-trail-exfo cstudy060-v2_enC ran-field-trail-exfo cstudy060-v2_en
C ran-field-trail-exfo cstudy060-v2_en
 
Evolving to an open C-RAN Architecture for 5G
Evolving to an open C-RAN Architecture for 5GEvolving to an open C-RAN Architecture for 5G
Evolving to an open C-RAN Architecture for 5G
 
Gsc20 session6 5_g_chih_ieee
Gsc20 session6 5_g_chih_ieeeGsc20 session6 5_g_chih_ieee
Gsc20 session6 5_g_chih_ieee
 
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 20165G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
 
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016 5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
5G: Why Wait? - 5G Observatory 2016
 
Newtec - Optimisation of Satellite Capacity Efficiency for IP Trunking Applic...
Newtec - Optimisation of Satellite Capacity Efficiency for IP Trunking Applic...Newtec - Optimisation of Satellite Capacity Efficiency for IP Trunking Applic...
Newtec - Optimisation of Satellite Capacity Efficiency for IP Trunking Applic...
 
Newtec FlexACM
Newtec FlexACMNewtec FlexACM
Newtec FlexACM
 
Maximizing Performance using 3.5 GHz Fixed Wireless Broadband
Maximizing Performance using 3.5 GHz Fixed Wireless BroadbandMaximizing Performance using 3.5 GHz Fixed Wireless Broadband
Maximizing Performance using 3.5 GHz Fixed Wireless Broadband
 
Internet acess to rural areas using wifi altanai bisht , 1st year
Internet acess to rural areas using wifi   altanai bisht , 1st yearInternet acess to rural areas using wifi   altanai bisht , 1st year
Internet acess to rural areas using wifi altanai bisht , 1st year
 
Wireless Technology Evolution - UC Irvine/DASpedia Seminar - John K Bramfeld
Wireless Technology Evolution - UC Irvine/DASpedia Seminar - John K BramfeldWireless Technology Evolution - UC Irvine/DASpedia Seminar - John K Bramfeld
Wireless Technology Evolution - UC Irvine/DASpedia Seminar - John K Bramfeld
 
White Paper: Evolving Technolgies for Mobile Front and Backhauling
White Paper: Evolving Technolgies for Mobile Front and BackhaulingWhite Paper: Evolving Technolgies for Mobile Front and Backhauling
White Paper: Evolving Technolgies for Mobile Front and Backhauling
 
A Survey on Emerging WiMAX Antenna Technologies and Slotted Microstrip Patch ...
A Survey on Emerging WiMAX Antenna Technologies and Slotted Microstrip Patch ...A Survey on Emerging WiMAX Antenna Technologies and Slotted Microstrip Patch ...
A Survey on Emerging WiMAX Antenna Technologies and Slotted Microstrip Patch ...
 
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in  Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in  Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...
 
Solving the 5G fronthaul challenge with Ethernet and passive WDM
Solving the 5G fronthaul challenge with Ethernet and passive WDMSolving the 5G fronthaul challenge with Ethernet and passive WDM
Solving the 5G fronthaul challenge with Ethernet and passive WDM
 
White Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hs
White Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hsWhite Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hs
White Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hs
 
Rethinking Mobile Backhaul Offering for a Fixed Operator like Colt
Rethinking Mobile Backhaul Offering for a Fixed Operator like ColtRethinking Mobile Backhaul Offering for a Fixed Operator like Colt
Rethinking Mobile Backhaul Offering for a Fixed Operator like Colt
 
Ft2510561062
Ft2510561062Ft2510561062
Ft2510561062
 
The coherent optical edge
The coherent optical edgeThe coherent optical edge
The coherent optical edge
 
Microwave towards 2020 presentation
Microwave towards 2020 presentationMicrowave towards 2020 presentation
Microwave towards 2020 presentation
 

More from Green Packet

Green Packet Berhad Enters Collaboration with Hannover Rueck to Launch Usage ...
Green Packet Berhad Enters Collaboration with Hannover Rueck to Launch Usage ...Green Packet Berhad Enters Collaboration with Hannover Rueck to Launch Usage ...
Green Packet Berhad Enters Collaboration with Hannover Rueck to Launch Usage ...
Green Packet
 
P1 Wimax
P1 WimaxP1 Wimax
P1 Wimax
Green Packet
 
P1 WiMAX Frontlines
P1 WiMAX FrontlinesP1 WiMAX Frontlines
P1 WiMAX Frontlines
Green Packet
 
What WiFi Offload Don't Reveal
What WiFi Offload Don't RevealWhat WiFi Offload Don't Reveal
What WiFi Offload Don't Reveal
Green Packet
 
Next Decade for WiMAX - WiMAX 2.0
Next Decade for WiMAX - WiMAX 2.0Next Decade for WiMAX - WiMAX 2.0
Next Decade for WiMAX - WiMAX 2.0
Green Packet
 
WiFi Offload Strategy for Telcos-Operators
WiFi Offload Strategy for Telcos-OperatorsWiFi Offload Strategy for Telcos-Operators
WiFi Offload Strategy for Telcos-Operators
Green Packet
 
WiFi Offload Survival Guide - Part 4
WiFi Offload Survival Guide - Part 4WiFi Offload Survival Guide - Part 4
WiFi Offload Survival Guide - Part 4
Green Packet
 
Data Offload Survival Guide Part 3
Data Offload Survival Guide Part 3Data Offload Survival Guide Part 3
Data Offload Survival Guide Part 3
Green Packet
 
Sap0812 p2-data-offload-part2
Sap0812 p2-data-offload-part2Sap0812 p2-data-offload-part2
Sap0812 p2-data-offload-part2
Green Packet
 
Data offload survival guide, a phased approach – simple offload for phase 1
Data offload survival guide, a phased approach – simple offload for phase 1Data offload survival guide, a phased approach – simple offload for phase 1
Data offload survival guide, a phased approach – simple offload for phase 1
Green Packet
 
Wimax LTE Dual Mode Modem - LTE-TDD
Wimax LTE Dual Mode Modem - LTE-TDDWimax LTE Dual Mode Modem - LTE-TDD
Wimax LTE Dual Mode Modem - LTE-TDD
Green Packet
 
Wi fi bringing-applications_together_for_next_generation_networks
Wi fi bringing-applications_together_for_next_generation_networksWi fi bringing-applications_together_for_next_generation_networks
Wi fi bringing-applications_together_for_next_generation_networks
Green Packet
 
Dynamic data offloading_connect_intelligently_with_andsf
Dynamic data offloading_connect_intelligently_with_andsfDynamic data offloading_connect_intelligently_with_andsf
Dynamic data offloading_connect_intelligently_with_andsf
Green Packet
 
Wi-Fi Offload Authentication & Security through EAP based approach - White P...
 Wi-Fi Offload Authentication & Security through EAP based approach - White P... Wi-Fi Offload Authentication & Security through EAP based approach - White P...
Wi-Fi Offload Authentication & Security through EAP based approach - White P...
Green Packet
 
Wi-Fi New Service Models For Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi New Service Models For Next Generation NetworksWi-Fi New Service Models For Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi New Service Models For Next Generation Networks
Green Packet
 
Wi-Fi for a Connected World Towards Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi for a Connected World Towards Next Generation NetworksWi-Fi for a Connected World Towards Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi for a Connected World Towards Next Generation Networks
Green Packet
 
Case Study : P1 4G Staying One Step Ahead
Case Study : P1 4G Staying One Step AheadCase Study : P1 4G Staying One Step Ahead
Case Study : P1 4G Staying One Step Ahead
Green Packet
 
Helpdesk 2.0 : Subscribers Help Themselves. Operators Reduce Churn
Helpdesk 2.0 : Subscribers Help Themselves. Operators Reduce ChurnHelpdesk 2.0 : Subscribers Help Themselves. Operators Reduce Churn
Helpdesk 2.0 : Subscribers Help Themselves. Operators Reduce Churn
Green Packet
 
Pocket Modem : Bringing Forth The Synergy Between WiFi and WiMAX
Pocket Modem : Bringing Forth The Synergy Between WiFi and WiMAXPocket Modem : Bringing Forth The Synergy Between WiFi and WiMAX
Pocket Modem : Bringing Forth The Synergy Between WiFi and WiMAX
Green Packet
 
Dynamic Data Offloading : Connect Intelligently With ANDSF
Dynamic Data Offloading : Connect Intelligently With ANDSFDynamic Data Offloading : Connect Intelligently With ANDSF
Dynamic Data Offloading : Connect Intelligently With ANDSF
Green Packet
 

More from Green Packet (20)

Green Packet Berhad Enters Collaboration with Hannover Rueck to Launch Usage ...
Green Packet Berhad Enters Collaboration with Hannover Rueck to Launch Usage ...Green Packet Berhad Enters Collaboration with Hannover Rueck to Launch Usage ...
Green Packet Berhad Enters Collaboration with Hannover Rueck to Launch Usage ...
 
P1 Wimax
P1 WimaxP1 Wimax
P1 Wimax
 
P1 WiMAX Frontlines
P1 WiMAX FrontlinesP1 WiMAX Frontlines
P1 WiMAX Frontlines
 
What WiFi Offload Don't Reveal
What WiFi Offload Don't RevealWhat WiFi Offload Don't Reveal
What WiFi Offload Don't Reveal
 
Next Decade for WiMAX - WiMAX 2.0
Next Decade for WiMAX - WiMAX 2.0Next Decade for WiMAX - WiMAX 2.0
Next Decade for WiMAX - WiMAX 2.0
 
WiFi Offload Strategy for Telcos-Operators
WiFi Offload Strategy for Telcos-OperatorsWiFi Offload Strategy for Telcos-Operators
WiFi Offload Strategy for Telcos-Operators
 
WiFi Offload Survival Guide - Part 4
WiFi Offload Survival Guide - Part 4WiFi Offload Survival Guide - Part 4
WiFi Offload Survival Guide - Part 4
 
Data Offload Survival Guide Part 3
Data Offload Survival Guide Part 3Data Offload Survival Guide Part 3
Data Offload Survival Guide Part 3
 
Sap0812 p2-data-offload-part2
Sap0812 p2-data-offload-part2Sap0812 p2-data-offload-part2
Sap0812 p2-data-offload-part2
 
Data offload survival guide, a phased approach – simple offload for phase 1
Data offload survival guide, a phased approach – simple offload for phase 1Data offload survival guide, a phased approach – simple offload for phase 1
Data offload survival guide, a phased approach – simple offload for phase 1
 
Wimax LTE Dual Mode Modem - LTE-TDD
Wimax LTE Dual Mode Modem - LTE-TDDWimax LTE Dual Mode Modem - LTE-TDD
Wimax LTE Dual Mode Modem - LTE-TDD
 
Wi fi bringing-applications_together_for_next_generation_networks
Wi fi bringing-applications_together_for_next_generation_networksWi fi bringing-applications_together_for_next_generation_networks
Wi fi bringing-applications_together_for_next_generation_networks
 
Dynamic data offloading_connect_intelligently_with_andsf
Dynamic data offloading_connect_intelligently_with_andsfDynamic data offloading_connect_intelligently_with_andsf
Dynamic data offloading_connect_intelligently_with_andsf
 
Wi-Fi Offload Authentication & Security through EAP based approach - White P...
 Wi-Fi Offload Authentication & Security through EAP based approach - White P... Wi-Fi Offload Authentication & Security through EAP based approach - White P...
Wi-Fi Offload Authentication & Security through EAP based approach - White P...
 
Wi-Fi New Service Models For Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi New Service Models For Next Generation NetworksWi-Fi New Service Models For Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi New Service Models For Next Generation Networks
 
Wi-Fi for a Connected World Towards Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi for a Connected World Towards Next Generation NetworksWi-Fi for a Connected World Towards Next Generation Networks
Wi-Fi for a Connected World Towards Next Generation Networks
 
Case Study : P1 4G Staying One Step Ahead
Case Study : P1 4G Staying One Step AheadCase Study : P1 4G Staying One Step Ahead
Case Study : P1 4G Staying One Step Ahead
 
Helpdesk 2.0 : Subscribers Help Themselves. Operators Reduce Churn
Helpdesk 2.0 : Subscribers Help Themselves. Operators Reduce ChurnHelpdesk 2.0 : Subscribers Help Themselves. Operators Reduce Churn
Helpdesk 2.0 : Subscribers Help Themselves. Operators Reduce Churn
 
Pocket Modem : Bringing Forth The Synergy Between WiFi and WiMAX
Pocket Modem : Bringing Forth The Synergy Between WiFi and WiMAXPocket Modem : Bringing Forth The Synergy Between WiFi and WiMAX
Pocket Modem : Bringing Forth The Synergy Between WiFi and WiMAX
 
Dynamic Data Offloading : Connect Intelligently With ANDSF
Dynamic Data Offloading : Connect Intelligently With ANDSFDynamic Data Offloading : Connect Intelligently With ANDSF
Dynamic Data Offloading : Connect Intelligently With ANDSF
 

Recently uploaded

TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc
 
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsInfrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Zilliz
 
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
DianaGray10
 
Video Streaming: Then, Now, and in the Future
Video Streaming: Then, Now, and in the FutureVideo Streaming: Then, Now, and in the Future
Video Streaming: Then, Now, and in the Future
Alpen-Adria-Universität
 
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationFull-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Zilliz
 
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
SOFTTECHHUB
 
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUHCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
panagenda
 
Mariano G Tinti - Decoding SpaceX
Mariano G Tinti - Decoding SpaceXMariano G Tinti - Decoding SpaceX
Mariano G Tinti - Decoding SpaceX
Mariano Tinti
 
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingRemoving Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Aftab Hussain
 
GenAI Pilot Implementation in the organizations
GenAI Pilot Implementation in the organizationsGenAI Pilot Implementation in the organizations
GenAI Pilot Implementation in the organizations
kumardaparthi1024
 
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusBuilding Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Zilliz
 
Uni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdf
Uni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdfUni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdf
Uni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdf
Uni Systems S.M.S.A.
 
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StoryDriving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Safe Software
 
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
Neo4j
 
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the  Possible with Graph - Q2 2024GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the  Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Neo4j
 
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
名前 です男
 
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopmentArtificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
Octavian Nadolu
 
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 202420240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Matthew Sinclair
 
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practicesNational Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Quotidiano Piemontese
 
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
DianaGray10
 

Recently uploaded (20)

TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
 
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsInfrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
 
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
 
Video Streaming: Then, Now, and in the Future
Video Streaming: Then, Now, and in the FutureVideo Streaming: Then, Now, and in the Future
Video Streaming: Then, Now, and in the Future
 
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationFull-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
 
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
 
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUHCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
 
Mariano G Tinti - Decoding SpaceX
Mariano G Tinti - Decoding SpaceXMariano G Tinti - Decoding SpaceX
Mariano G Tinti - Decoding SpaceX
 
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingRemoving Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
 
GenAI Pilot Implementation in the organizations
GenAI Pilot Implementation in the organizationsGenAI Pilot Implementation in the organizations
GenAI Pilot Implementation in the organizations
 
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusBuilding Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
 
Uni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdf
Uni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdfUni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdf
Uni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdf
 
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StoryDriving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
 
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
 
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the  Possible with Graph - Q2 2024GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the  Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
 
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
 
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopmentArtificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
 
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 202420240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
 
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practicesNational Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
 
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
 

Optimizing Cell Ddge Coverage Of Suburban/Rural Deployment With WiMAX Outdoor CPE

  • 1. u rban/ f Sub r CPE r age O utdoo Cove AX O l Edge h WiM n g Cel nt Wit timizi ployme Op De Rural www.greenpacket.com APPLICATION NOTE
  • 2. Abstract Wireless broadband operators constantly face challenges of balancing the economics to deploy a robust and reliable wireless broadband service in suburban-rural areas or at cell-edges. Till to date, a large portion of these areas still remains hugely underserved or receiving unreliable coverage. Most available studies have shown that WiMAX is indeed an ideal technology candidate not only for a suburban-rural deployment, but as a wireless broadband technology on an overall, with most of the studies focusing on infrastructure performance. This paper in retrospect functions to further solidify the technological advantage of WiMAX, where we explore and proof the concept of suburban-rural deployment through the optimal pairing of a proper CPE strategy. We will show that the best solution for suburban-rural area and cell-edge performance can be extended four times through deployment via outdoor CPEs. This paper explores deep into the technical and implementation advantages of an outdoor CPE solution, including the concept of antenna gain, transmission power, integrated POE design and environment-proof enclosure; and the effective advantage of Line of Sight performance and decreased penetration loss amongst other features of an outdoor CPE. We will also explore the misconception behind the high incremental cost, difficulty of engineering installation and service challenges in operations with the implementation of an outdoor CPE which has been the lead culprit towards the low adoption of this CPE strategy. Greenpacket will share three reference cases where deployment through the OX series outdoor CPE has shown great success in Australia, Africa and Haiti, from a performance and business implementation perspective. APPLICATION NOTE
  • 3. Introduction One major challenge for wireless broadband operators is to successfully deploy in a suburban-rural morphology. This challenge is inherent with disregard of the type of wireless technologies implemented, be it through WiMAX, Satellite, 3G, CDMA and similarly in the future, with LTE. In our previous white paper “Improving Indoor Coverage: How WiMAX Modems can Play a Major Role in the Subsystem” (WPWIC10), we have described technologies to improve user experience when they are farther away from the base station, or in the cell-edge area. We can see that in general, cell-edge represents the area where poor consistency in connectivity is prevalent, with typical modulation being QPSK where cell-edge users generally experience low and in many cases, inconsistent throughput speeds. Point A Loss of uplink connection (1TX without MIMO and Beamforming) Downlink Point B Loss of downlink connection (without MIMO and 64-QAM 16-QAM QPSK Beamforming) A B CD Point C Loss of downlink connection with MIMO A 64-QAM 16-QAM QPSK Point D Loss of downlink connection with Beamforming Uplink Legend Coverage cut off point • uplink connection • downlink connection Figure 1 : UL and DL Modulation Relative to Cell Radius The figure below represents a typical wireless cell that has a cell-center with radius ‘r’ and cell edge with a radius of ‘2r’. Tabulating the coverage area, the cell-edge would give us an area of coverage equivalent to 4πr², while the cell-center is only πr². Showing the distinct differences in coverage area achieved between the cell-edge and cell-center. This direct difference implies that the efficiency of spectrum utilization by the base station is not able to achieve its intended maximum coverage and capacity capability unless higher modulation scheme can be extended further into the cell-edge coverage area; without which, a decent robust connectivity is next to impossible by just relying on the base station itself. cell center F1 F cell edge 2r F F r F2 F3 01 APPLICATION NOTE
  • 4. WiMAX As The Best Solution With Outdoor CPE Challenges For Rural Broadband Deployment Broadband penetration in rural areas across the world has lagged far behind than that in urban areas, both in developed countries as well as in developing countries. This is mainly due to multiple reasons which make providing coverage in these areas economically non-viable. The main reasons for this low penetration lie within the following TOP 3 roadblocks: • As population density in rural areas is relatively low, setting up and maintaining copper or fiber lines to provide broadband service across the “last mile” incurs high costs for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) • Capacity on the backhaul or the “middle mile” from the ISP to the Internet backbone is often very limited and expensive as it is provided over facilities designed for voice telephony or cable television • The difference in per capita income between rural areas and urban regions means that broadband services need to be offered at a lower-price point in the rural areas in order to gain customer adoption. This combination of high CAPEX/OPEX and low Average Revenue per User (ARPU) has traditionally made the rural broadband market less lucrative for service providers, but the advent of new high speed mobile broadband technologies such as WiMAX has rapidly changed the situation. 02 APPLICATION NOTE
  • 5. WiMAX As The Ideal Solution For Rural Broadband Deployments As operators around the world evaluate multiple technologies for rural broadband deployments, WiMAX is emerging as the de-facto standard. The advantages offered by WiMAX have time and again proven its commercial viability, among others: • Infrastructure Effectiveness: WiMAX offers a highly cost effective solution to address the rural broadband conundrum as physical infrastructure need not be rolled out to individual customer premises on the last mile. This significantly reduces the overall cost and the time-to-market in deploying the network. • Flexible Network Deployment: WiMAX allows operators to surgically choose deployment options and focus on specific areas where there is strong demand. • High Data Throughput: 802.16e has reached a stage of technology and standards maturity with field proven results that shows data throughput of over 40Mbps (@10MHz channel bandwidth). • Spectrum Concerns: WiMAX spectrum has typically been less expensive worldwide as compared to 3G licenses. Additionally, with mobile WiMAX being on licensed band, operators can deploy rural broadband networks with no spectrum-related concerns. The largest challenge facing operators in deploying a suburban/rural service is to create a balanced business case that allows them to maximize the access infrastructure capability from a coverage and capacity perspective and at the same time to deliver a robust and reliable service with a positive revenue return. Greenpacket believes that this can be realized effectively if ‘Line Of Sight’ (LOS) can be achieved through the pairing of Outdoor CPE to the network, where we will investigate the technology, performance and reveal a detailed deep dive reference case study based on a suburban/rural environment profile. 03 APPLICATION NOTE
  • 6. Advantages Of Outdoor CPE The right CPE strategy for cell-edge and suburban/rural area is to deploy Outdoor CPE, and from our experience, outdoor CPE have the following advantages. i. Improved Uplink Technologies ii. High Transmission Power And High Gain Directional Antenna iii. Zero Penetration Loss iv. Further Improvements Due To Line Of Sight v. When Compared To External Antenna Option, Minimal Cable Loss vi. Environmentally Robust vii. Easy Installation viii. Plug And Play (i) Improved Uplink Technologies We have stated a comprehensive analysis of the importance of uplink technologies in our previous white paper “A Practical Approach to Improve WiMAX Indoor Coverage.” Here, we briefly describe the most important technology Dual transmitter (2TX) which is implemented in our OX series Outdoor CPE. Dual Transmitter (2Tx) (CDD) The simplest Dual Transmitter technology employs Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) algorithm and signals are transmitted via a single data stream through two antennas and two power amplifiers – hence, both antennas are switched on and used for transmission. The combined power from two PAs provides approximately an additional perceived 3dB gain with potentially lower power consumption (if PA’s are tuned to a lower power). This arrangement improves uplink performance and lengthens coverage through better signal strength; however, it increases the cost of the modem as more components are used. Dual Transmitter (2Tx) STC Matrix (Uplink MIMO A) The second generation Dual Transmitter technology further employs Space Time Coding signaling algorithm (Uplink MIMO A) instead of just (CDD) algorithm as previously mentioned. However, in order to support this new algorithm, base stations need to be upgraded to support WiMAX R1.5. The hardware implementation is the same as Dual Transmitter (CDD) where transmission is conducted through two antennas and two power amplifiers. The combined power from two PAs provides approximately an additional perceived 4dB gain, which is better than the Dual Transmitter (CDD). Antenna 2 PA Baseband RF PA Antenna 1 04 Figure 2: Dual Transmitter (2Tx) component arrangement for CDD or STC APPLICATION NOTE
  • 7. (ii) High Transmission Power And High Gain Directional Antenna Comparatively, Outdoor CPEs are designed with higher maximum transmit EIRP. Greenpacket OX series Outdoor CPE has a 14dBi antenna, Dual transmitters (2Tx) with a combined Tx power rated at 27dBm, thus a maximum transmit EIRP equivalent to 41dBm, making it the most powerful mobile WiMAX CPE in the market today. Directional antenna is conventionally implemented to optimize the antenna performance specifically aligned to face towards the base station. Different from an indoor or USB based device, operator will normally assign service engineers to the premise where installation is based on the optimum facing direction and upon locating it, the outdoor antenna is locked into place. Figure 3 shows a sample antenna pattern for the 2.5GHz model. The diagram shows a concentrated RF energy radiated in a single direction (+- 10 degrees within the pink line). This specific radiation pattern plays the highest role of effectively increasing the coverage area. Figure 3: Antenna patterns for OX250 main antenna 5dB improvement 11dB improvement USB dongles Indoor CPE Outdooe CPE (OX series) Average 23dBm Average 25dBm Average 27dBm (2Ti) 2dBi Antenna 5dBi Antenna 14dBi Antenna Figure 4 : Improvements of Outdoor CPE over indoor CPE. We can see that OX series can have 16dB improvements from 05 indoor USB dongles APPLICATION NOTE
  • 8. (iii) Zero Penetration Loss Throughout our deployment experience, depending on the depth and material of the building, Glass windows and concrete walls induces a 6dB and 12dB penetration loss respectively where the implementation through indoor CPEs will normally endure. An Outdoor CPE, being placed normally on the roof of a specific building has the advantage of being subjected to zero penetration loss, even without line-of-sight (LOS). Figure 5: Frequency Vs Depth of penetration (Pd) for representative profiles of clay soils of pune at different soil moisture conditions (weight %) (iv) Further Improvements With Line Of Sight (LOS) The key advantage for Outdoor CPE is that it can easily achieve Line of Sight (LOS) with proper mounting. Having achieved Line of Sight (LOS), there is no longer a multi-path problem and we can ensure optimal RF path between the CPE and the base station. Figure 6 shows how Line of Sight can be achieved by moving the CPE above the roof with a pole. LOS CPE (OutDoor) NLOS CPE (InDoor) Figure 6: Improvement of LOS with o utdoor CPE In addition, studies show that for a full featured base station. To achieve the same transmission data rate of 11Mbps, LOS cell radius can be as far as 30km, while Non Line of Sight (NLOS) cell radius is only limited to 4km. This accounts for five times the radius or about 25 times more coverage area for the same base station. LOS is a very critical 06 factor that affects the performance of the network, where an Outdoor CPE is proven to be the ideal solutions to achieve LOS. APPLICATION NOTE
  • 9. Full Featured From To Cell radius (Km) LOS 30 50 NLOS ( Ereg-Flat) 4 9 Indoor self-install CPE 1 2 Download 11.3 8 Maximum throghput per sector (Mbps) uplink 11.3 8 Maximum throghput per CPE at Cell Download 11.3 8 Edge (Mbps) uplink 0.7 0.175 Maximum number of subscribers More Table 1: LOS and NLOS performance comparison using Full featured Base Station LOS 30 to 50km NLOS 4 to 9km Indoor self-install 1 to 2km Figure 7 : Coverage Distance Differerence for LOS and NLOS deployment (v) Outdoor CPE VS Indoor CPE + External Antenna: Minimal Cable Loss Another common solution to achieve LOS performance is to use outdoor external antenna to connect to an indoor CPE. However, using external antenna introduces cable losses. For example, we can see in the below diagram, a typical cable used for external antenna is RG316, which introduces about 1.5dB loss per meter length. Therefore, for an outdoor extension of 10m, this contributes to 15dB loss, which has similar magnitude as the typical outdoor external Antenna gain. This limitation is not absolute, where external antenna solutions with super high gain (greater than 15dBi) and super low loss cable (less than 0.5dB/m) can be found, the question is however extended to economic sense of forming a realistic solution rather than the best solution. 07 APPLICATION NOTE
  • 10. (vi) Outdoor CPE VS Indoor CPE + External Antenna: Minimal Cable Loss Another common solution to achieve LOS performance is to use outdoor external antenna to connect to an indoor CPE. However, using external antenna introduces cable losses. For example, we can see in the below diagram, a typical cable used for external antenna is RG316, which introduces about 1.5dB loss per meter length. Therefore, for an outdoor extension of 10m, this contributes to 15dB loss, which has similar magnitude as the typical outdoor external Antenna gain. This limitation is not absolute, where external antenna solutions with super high gain (greater than 15dBi) and super low loss cable (less than 0.5dB/m) can be found, the question is however extended to economic sense of forming a realistic solution rather than the best solution. Coaxial Cable :RG_316_/U Matrix Of Attenuation and Power CW Coefficients: a=0.7727 , b=0.0972 , Fmax =3 , Pwt 1GHz = 135 Frequency Nom attenuation Nom attenuation Max. CW power (GHz) (dB/m) (dB/ft) (watt) sea level sea level sea level 25˚ C amblent 25˚ C amblent 40˚ C amblent temperature temperature temperature 2.1 1.32 0.402 93 2.3 1.40 0.427 89 2.4 1.43 0.436 87 2.6 1.50 0.457 84 2.7 1.53 0.466 82 2.9 1.60 0.488 82 3.0 1.63 0.497 78 Table 2 : Typical cable loss for Coaxial RG316 cable which is used for external antenna Indoor CPE Indoor CPE with external Ant Outdoor CPE Antenna Gain 5dBi Not used Not used Cable Loss (RG316) 0 -9dB 0 External antenna None 14dBi None Penetration Loss -6dB None None Total Ant gain -1dB 5dB 14dB Line of Sight NO YES YES Performance Poor OK Best Table 3 : Comparison between a 2.5GHz Indoor CPE with and without a 14dBi external antenna, and a 2.5GHz Outdoor CPE mounted on a pole 6m above the ground 08 APPLICATION NOTE
  • 11. Uncover The Myth about Outdoor CPE There exist general misconceptions about outdoor CPE implementation in terms of cost, having extreme restriction on being heavy, performing unreliably under changing weather conditions, and extremely difficult to install and service. New advancement on design and architecture has changed all this, Greenpacket’s OX series outdoor CPE is an example where cost is effectively affordable, weighing in at less than 2kg, flexibly mountable on a wall or pole or roof edge and capable of enduring temperatures between - 40°C ~ 60°C while in operations. Most importantly, OX series enclosure is certified to be IP67 compliant which comes with a protection against the effects of immersion in water up to depth of 1 meter. POE (Power over Ethernet) cable is also an important feature which ensures that only a single cable (RJ45) is stretched from the outdoor unit (ODU) directly indoors to the end user, where both the power and data is carried. (i) Environmentally Robust In addition, OX series outdoor CPE is equipped with a robust mounting kit which has been certified to withstand severe windward and crosswinds. Figure 8 show the test result for OX series outdoor CPE withstanding hurricane rated winds (windward/crosswind under 60m/s for 10 minutes, Beauford Wind Force Scale 17) Figure 8 : Greenpacket OX series under Hurricane-force Winward Test 09 APPLICATION NOTE
  • 12. (ii) Easy Installation OX series outdoor CPE mounting kit provides complete flexibility for installation. The pole-mounting and wall-mounting brackets can be selected according to field needs. The multi-angle mounting kit can also be adjusted where the antenna can be positioned to face toward the base station, receiving Line-of-Sight (LOS) signals. Figure 8 illustrates the quick installation using the standard mounting kit, withal done within five minutes. Screw (35mm) Screw (60mm) Split washer Lockwasher Flat washer Split washer Bracket with Tab Flat washer Bracket W/L Tab Nut Nut X2 Needed Figure 9 : Examples of Pole Mount (vertical or horizontal) installation (iii) Plug And Play, Auto Provisioning, And On-Site Service Free Greenpacket ensures that operators are free from having to manage the provisioning of devices. The device comes pre-provisioned to allow end subscribers to plug and be automatically connected to the operator’s 10 base stations for an immediate play. APPLICATION NOTE
  • 13. The Rural Leapfrog – ENDING THE WAIT FOR RURAL CONNECTIVITY Verifying It On The Field Understanding the concept and technological advantage of mobile WiMAX coupled with the service offering via an Outdoor Modem validates it as a viable solution option for rural connectivity. The bigger question remains on the performance capability of the WiMAX outdoor modem when deployed in a commercial field that is subjected to subscriber loading and the environmental uncertainties knowing historically the inherent limitation of implementation via a wireless technology. Vivid Wireless, is the first WISP to launch a mobile WiMAX network in Australia has had a successful service uptake since its launch in April 2010 covering the urban and suburban areas in cities of Perth, Sydney and Melbourne via Indoor IADs and USB modem. Looking to extend its service coverage to the fringing suburban and semi-rural areas within the city, Vivid Wireless conducted a citywide evaluation to benchmark the performance of the OX outdoor modem. Vivid Wireless wanted the performance test to be conducted on its commercially live network to ensure that the end results obtained is strictly similar to the end user experience. Choosing to compare it against the current commercially offered Green Packet high gain DX Indoor IAD, Vivid Wireless has the objective:- 1. To ensuring that the OX meets the technical specification as stated in its product datasheet. 2. To record the additional gain in coverage, and 3. To record the throughput speeds experienced DX 230-Indoor IAD OX 230-Outdoor Modem Frequency 2.3GHz 2.3GHz Maximum RF Transmit Power 28dBm (Combined 2Tx) 27dBm (Combined 2Tx) Antenna Type Intergrated Omni with 5dBi gain Dual polarized with 14dBi gain Received sensitivity Average 5dB higher than WiMAX Average 5dB higher than WiMAX Forum RCT speci cation Forum RCT Speci cation MIMO Matrix A & B Matrix A & B Table 4 : Technical Specification between Indoor IAD and Outdoor Modem DX230 was mounted inside the test drive vehicle on the passenger seat while the OX230 is mounted on the roof of the car. Both RSSI and CINR measurement were recorded in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) positions. The test drive was performed at multiple locations that varied between 200 meters and 9.5 kilometers to the base station. 11 APPLICATION NOTE
  • 14. Purple shade represents existing network coverage area Green shade indicates increased coveage area when using OX230 modem Figure 10 : Coverage planning comparison between Indoor IAD and Outdoor Modem On completion, Vivid Wireless observed significant performance increase from the OX outdoor modem with the OX having an average 12dBm more coverage, reaching a radius of over 9.5 kilometer with LOS. Proving that OX meets the specification as stipulated even on the field. This significant coverage gained will allow Vivid access to an additional 72,000 new subscribers on its existing infrastructure, allowing it to maximize and monetize its infrastructure investment further. OX 230-Outdoor Indoor / Outdoor DX 230-Indoor IAD Modem (Delta) Distance to RSSI CINR RSSI CINR RSSI CINR LOS Cell (m) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) (dBm) Yes 250 -43 26.6 -32 26.4 11 -0.2 No 840 -60.5 24.4 -52.1 19.5 8.4 -4.9 No 1100 -64 10.9 -50.3 20.3 13.7 9.4 No 1900 -84 8.1 -74 7.6 10 -0.5 Yes 2870 -54.6 9.7 -37.1 14.7 17.5 5 Yes 6400 -51 11.1 -41 8.3 10 -2.8 Yes 9500 -80.6 6.2 -64.5 4.7 16.1 -1.5 Table 5 : Summary test result comparison between Indoor IAD and Outdoor Modem Numerous operators globally have had commercially successful deployments through similar strategies. Greenpacket approaches most of its deployment together with the operator in a collaborative manner, seeing multiple successful deployments in suburban and rural scenarios. 12 APPLICATION NOTE
  • 15. Reaching Within Remote Africa Direct-on-PC, a the leading operator in Nigeria has been deploying mobile WiMAX under the service name of Unwired by extending its wireless broadband voice and data services covering sub-urban and rural developing communities in selective areas of Lagos, Abuja and Port-Harcourt as a complimentary broadband access network to their existing VSAT and fixed wireless networks. The flexibility of mobile WiMAX has allowed the operator to grow its service coverage area flexibly as service demand grows. The strategy of service implementation via outdoor based CPE creates the best service advantage as it allows maximization of coverage making the service robust and reliable, perfect to the harsh conditions of the West African nation. With mobile WiMAX having the capacity efficiency that is 10x higher with an upfront subscriber acquisition cost that is 1/5 of current satellite network, the business case of providing affordable voice and broadband service is achievable. This has created confidence that the 4G network plans is set to lay the foundation for growth, both for the company and to the development of the underserved market. Bringing Broadband To The Remote Islands The islands of the Caribbean are a well known holiday destination with a developing community and economy. Providing broadband services in islands with harsh environmental terrain has always been a challenge to service providers. Digicel International has been the champion serving over 11 million customers across 32 markets mainly on the islands of the Caribbean and the Pacific. Having launched mobile WiMAX in Haiti, Digicel has had a great success with its pay-as-you surf mobile WiMAX services in suburban areas of Haiti currently providing robust fast broadband services through Greenpacket indoor and USB based devices. Looking to extend the services offering in rural and remote areas, with the service quality having similar robustness is something that Digicel insist to maintain, in order to achieve this while not having to incur huge incremental CAPEX investment by deploying additional infrastructure to these subscribers located mainly in fringing cell edge of the network. The outdoor modem was evaluated and results has proved to be the perfect solution extending the coverage within a healthy modulation scheme to achieve broadband speeds and consistent service. Even with a higher subscriber acquisition cost via the outdoor modem implementation, the huge CAPEX/OPEX savings from infrastructure spending allows Digicel to scale the deployment needs with the number of subscription growth. 13 APPLICATION NOTE
  • 16. Explore A Blue Ocean Of Opportunity In Rural Connectivity Today As a leading developer of Next Generation Mobile Broadband solutions, Greenpacket has both the experience and best in class 4G WiMAX devices specifically designed for operators looking to maximize their investment in delivering a robust, reliable and fast 4G broadband for RURAL CONNECTIVITY. Free Consultation If you would like a free consultation on selecting WiMAX modems for your fixed broadband network, please contact us at marketing.gp@greenpacket.com (kindly quote the reference code, DAP0411 when you contact us). 14 APPLICATION NOTE
  • 17. References 1. IRIX123 User Manual, Greenpacket 2. WiMAX’s technology for LOS and NLOS environments, WiMAX Forum Release 3. OX Series User Manual, Greenpacket 4. OX250 Antenna report, Greenpacket 5. Datasheet for Coaxial cable RG316, Huber + Suhner 6. K.S.Rao, Girish Chandra and P.V.Narasimha Rao, Study on penetration depth and its dependence on frequency, soil moisture, texture and temperature in the context of microwave remote sensing 7. http://www.itu.int/newsarchive/press/WTDC98/Feature1.html 8. http://it.tmcnet.com/topics/it/articles/36595-internet-usage-gaps-developing-countries-challenges-solutions.htm 15 APPLICATION NOTE
  • 18. About Greenpacket Greenpacket is the international arm of the Green Packet Berhad group of companies which is listed on the Main Board of the Malaysian Bourse. Founded in San Francisco’s Silicon Valley in 2000 and now headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Greenpacket has a presence in 9 countries and is continuously expanding to be near its customers and in readiness for new markets. We are a leading developer of Next Generation Mobile Broadband and Networking Solutions for Telecommunications Operators across the globe. Our mission is to provide seamless and unified platforms for the delivery of user-centric multimedia communications services regardless of the nature and availability of backbone infrastructures. At Greenpacket, we pride ourselves on being constantly at the forefront of technology. Our leading carrier-grade solutions and award-winning consumer devices help Telecommunications Operators open new avenues, meet new demands, and enrich the lifestyles of their subscribers, while forging new relationships. We see a future of limitless freedom in wireless communications and continuously commit to meeting the needs of our customers with leading edge solutions. With product development centers in USA, Shanghai, and Taiwan, we are on the cutting edge of new developments in 4G (particularly WiMAX and LTE), as well as in software advancement. Our leadership position in the Telco industry is further enhanced by our strategic alliances with leading industry players. Additionally, our award-winning WiMAX modems have successfully completed interoperability tests with major WiMAX players and are being used by the world’s largest WiMAX Operators. We are also the leading carrier solutions provider in APAC catering to both 4G and 3G networks and aim to be No. 1 globally by the end of 2010. For more information, visit: www.greenpacket.com. San Francisco · Kuala Lumpur · Singapore · Shanghai · Taiwan · Sydney · Bahrain · Bangkok · Hong Kong Associate Member Copyright © 2001-2011 Green Packet Berhad. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language, in any form by any means, without the written permission of Green Packet Berhad. Green Packet Berhad reserves the right to modify or discontinue any product or piece of literature at anytime without prior notice.