This document provides an overview of sustainable architecture and urban planning approaches from the 1970s to present day. It discusses the evolution from early concepts of green architecture to more modern biophilic design principles. Specific examples are given of the author's sustainable housing and building projects in Egypt that showcase these evolving approaches through utilization of local materials and passive design strategies.

1. Back To Nature
Problematic GAOLS solutions
Prof. Dr. Arch. Abdelrahman A. A. Mohamed –
Lecture in - Housing & Building National Research Center “HBRC” – 12 March 2017
‫تطور‬‫العمران‬ ‫أستدامة‬ ‫مفاهيم‬-‫البيوفليا‬ ‫الى‬ ‫الخضراء‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫من‬
"Sustainable Development from Green to Biophilic Architecture"

2. {ُ‫ب‬
َ‫ه‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ي‬
َ‫ف‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ز‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ َّ‫م‬َ
‫أ‬َ‫ف‬‫ء‬‫أ‬ َ‫ف‬ُ‫ج‬‫أ‬ َ‫م‬‫أ‬ َّ‫م‬َ
‫أ‬َ‫و‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ
‫ب‬
ُ‫ك‬
ْ
‫م‬َ‫ي‬
َ‫ف‬
‫أس‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬
َ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫ب‬‫رض‬‫لأ‬‫أ‬}
[‫د‬‫ع‬‫ز‬‫ال‬:17]

3. Stability
Transform & Rhythm
Life trinity
Terminology:
Life Stability ≠ stillness
= Rhythmically Change
dynamic balance = live
Static balance = dead

4. ‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫بسم‬
‫َا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫ض‬ َ‫و‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ش‬‫وال‬*َ‫م‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬ِ‫ر‬‫َا‬‫ه‬ َ‫َل‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬*
ِ‫ار‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ َ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬‫َا‬‫ه‬ َّ‫َل‬َ‫ج‬*َّ‫الل‬ َ‫و‬ِِ ْ‫ي‬َ‫ه‬‫َا‬‫ش‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬‫ا‬*
ِ‫اء‬َ‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ َ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬‫َا‬‫ه‬‫َا‬‫ن‬َ‫ب‬*َ ْ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬ِ‫ض‬ ْ‫ر‬‫َا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬*
ٍ‫س‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ن‬ َ‫و‬‫َا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬ َّ‫و‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬*ْ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫و‬ ‫َا‬‫ه‬َ‫ور‬ُ‫ج‬ُ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫م‬َ‫ه‬‫َا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫ق‬*
ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ز‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ َ‫ح‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫أ‬*َ‫ق‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ََ‫َا‬َ ْ‫د‬َ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫س‬َ‫د‬‫ا‬*
‫العظيم‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صدق‬
Biosphere
The Begin

5. Tale of Two Cities

6. Concept of Metabolism:
1st Linear metabolism cities – welfare consume, pollute at a high rate

7. Good Customer Game - Three Cards Play !

8. Result of Welfare:
(Climate Change)
the relatively large impacts of buildings in
developed world in terms of their emissions of
climate change greenhouse gases.
Source: Max Fordham and partner
Distribution of CO2 Emissions by World Nations for
the Year 2004

9. "َ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ق‬‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬ُ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ِ‫اس‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ت‬َ‫ب‬َ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ِِّ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ظ‬ِِْ‫ر‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ََُّ‫ْع‬َ‫ل‬ ‫اا‬ُُِ‫َم‬َ ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ََْ‫ْع‬َ‫ان‬ُ‫ْع‬"(‫الروم‬:41).

10. Pollution is the Price of Modernity

12. What we have to do?

13. 2nd Circular metabolism – minimize new inputs and maximize recycling

15. Recycling in Art & Architecture

18. Alarm Sounds:
The first warning of the enormity of the global
environmental problems was at 1st general
meeting of the Club of Rome in 1970. Also in
1970 and 1971, the first large-scale modeling
studies of global environmental conditions
were actually created.
The book “A Blueprint for Survival “in 1972
by Edward Goldsmith and others, largely
concerned with: the impacts of over
exploitation of the Earth’s resources, the
underlying problem that lies at the very root
of our dilemma today, the potential for CO 2
emissions to lead to significant climate
change.

19. Sustainability – the problematic simulation
"Sustainable development is
development which meets the
needs of the present without
compromising the ability of
future generation to meet
their own needs." Our
Common Future, report 1987.
This definition has been
formulated by the World
Commission on Environment
and Development (WCED),
led by the norwegian prime
minister Gro Harlem
Brundtland, in 1987.

20. Sustainability - battle of Models

21. the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro
in 1992. The major output from that conference is Agenda 21, the latter comprising 'a set
of goals and programs for environmental sustainability endorsed by 150 nations' .
Agenda 21 and play of giants

24. Sustainability a Strategic Vision –
from Degradation towards Restoration

25. Proposed development phases of design and planning approaches

26. Proposed Professional Practicing Levels

27. 1st step – Adapting Green Agenda
70th Oil crisis Green Movements
Less Fossil Fuels Energy More renewable energy

28. Green building contributions of stars architects
Indoor quality
environment
Energy saving
compact city
Respect local
culture

29. Super green powers saved our world

30. Green Buildings Business

31. Green Building is Not a Color or Style

32. Design high performance
Building or architecture ???

33. Green not magic powder can sprinkle on building
but one fad of many to design a building , N. Foster,

34. Green Building is appropriation and innovations

36. What's under the Green Ice Berg

37. • Beyond Green – Towards Restorative Biophilic Design
Origin of the term
Biophilia:
 Evolutionary Psychologist,
Eric Forman, 1960s
 Healing Environment,
Carol Venolia, 1988
 The Biophilia Hypothesis,
Wilson and Kellert, 1995
 Biophilic Design, Kellert /
Heewagen / Modar, 2008

38. 14 PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN
• Nature in the Space Patterns
1. Visual Connection with
Nature
2. Non-Visual Connection with
Nature
3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory
Stimuli
4. Thermal & Airflow Variability
5. Presence of Water
6. Dynamic & Diffuse Light
7. Connection with Natural
Systems
Natural Analogues Patterns
8. Biomorphic Forms &
Patterns
9. Material Connection with
Nature
10. Complexity & Order
Nature of the Space
Patterns
11. Prospect
12. Refuge
13. Mystery
14. Risk/Peril

40. Taliesin West - Frank Lloyd Wright

42. paolo soleri - arcosanti

44. 1962 1968 1968 1970s
New awareness

45. Evolving Architectural & Urban Planning Approaches
From New Classism Towards Modernism
1923 19271486 1562

46. Housing from End-product
to Enabling Process
From Ecological Context to
Hetero-culture constructivism
1973 19791962 1972

47. Sustainable Design from Green to restorative Ecosystems
200620021996 2015

48. Back to Nature from Mimic to Regeneration
201620142011 2011

49. Private Works
Examples:

50. 1987 - Emergency Shelter -temporary demountable lightweight
construction for disaster and remote areas
Main concept:
• efficient structure form (mini. Surfaces & elements)
• efficient use of material (mini. bulk of materials)
• Ease of erection (demountable, lightweight, mini. Power)

51. 1991 –
“END” evolutionary neighborhood design
“Low cost Housing”
prize winner,
competition organized by IAA-UNCHS (Habitat) in Harare,
Zimbabwe

54. 2006 - “2 squares landscape planning and design”
Sharm El-Shakh, Egypt
2nd prize winner,
competition organized by “Sharming Sharm” development
company of new sharm el-shakh, egypt
Main concept:
• Inspiration from desert local context
• integration multi-functions with esthetical form

55. El-Dewan Square

56. El-khama Square

57. 2008 - "New Central Laboratories Building"
6th October City
1st prize winner:
Competition organized by (HBRC)
Main concept:
• Demonstration for sustainable design systematic approach
• Archetype for green building

58. General view

59. ِ َ‫المد‬ ‫منظور‬‫الرئيسى‬
Main Entrance view

60. ‫القياسية‬ ِ ‫المعام‬ ‫مبنى‬ ‫منظور‬
Standard Laboratories

61. ‫للممر‬ ‫منظور‬‫الرئيسى‬‫و‬ ‫القياسية‬ ِ ‫المعام‬ ‫بين‬‫الهندسية‬
Main path between Stand. & Eng. labs

62. ‫الهندسية‬ ِ ‫المعام‬ ‫لفناء‬ ‫منظور‬
Intrnal court for Eng. labs

63. Utilization of Renewable Energy
Combination between decentralized macro
renewable energy systems (PV) and public
net for power supply

64. Environmental control:
Day light and natural ventilation

65. ‫رقم‬ ‫شكل‬4:‫نموذج‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫الدخان‬ ‫لسريان‬ ‫فوتوغرافية‬ ‫صور‬
‫الثانية‬ ‫للحالة‬ ‫المركز‬..
‫رقم‬ ‫شكل‬9:‫رسم‬‫هندسى‬‫التظليل‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫وتواجد‬ ‫الشمس‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫التجاه‬
‫يوليو‬ ‫لشهر‬ ‫ظهرا‬ ‫عشر‬ ‫الثانية‬ ‫للساعة‬ ‫النوافذ‬ ‫احدى‬ ‫داخل‬‫فى‬‫ت‬ ‫حالة‬‫وجيه‬
‫النوافذ‬‫فى‬‫الجنوب‬ ‫االتجاه‬‫الشرقى‬.

66. Aswan Eco -Village
‫ابألعقاب‬ ‫ين‬‫ر‬‫املستثم‬ ‫ية‬‫ر‬‫ق‬ ‫مشروع‬
‫انشاء‬‫بيئية‬ ‫منوذجية‬ ‫تقليدية‬ ‫ية‬‫ر‬‫ق‬
‫السيول‬ ‫متضرري‬ ‫إلسكان‬–‫حمافظة‬‫أسوان‬
2010

67. ‫والعمرانية‬ ‫المعمارية‬ ‫النساق‬ ‫و‬ ‫المحلى‬ ‫المحتوى‬ ِ ‫تحلي‬

68. ‫األحواش‬ ‫نماذج‬‫السكنية‬

69. ‫السكنية‬ ‫البلوكات‬ ‫نماذج‬-‫بلوك‬(1)

70. ‫السكنية‬ ‫البلوكات‬ ‫نماذج‬-‫بلوك‬(2)

71. ‫السكنية‬ ‫البلوكات‬ ‫نماذج‬-‫بلوك‬(3)

72. Ventilation
Chimney

73. Schools design
2011
Competition organized by (GAEB)

74. "Primary School - in desert region" 1st prize

77. Structural elements

78. "Primary School - in rural region " Honorary Award

79. ‫التعبير‬‫الحضارية‬ ‫البيئة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫المعمارى‬:
‫ز‬ ‫البي‬ ‫فزى‬ ‫المتزوفرة‬ ‫المزواد‬ ‫ملزى‬ ‫بنزاءى‬ ‫أمتمزد‬ ‫الز‬ ‫الرمزى‬ ‫تشكيله‬ ‫الريفى‬ ‫الشعبى‬ ‫البناء‬ ‫من‬ ‫أستوحى‬‫و‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫مثز‬ ‫ة‬
‫زة‬‫ز‬‫الطفل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫زين‬‫ز‬‫الط‬ ‫و‬ ‫زنة‬‫ز‬‫الخش‬ ‫زار‬‫ز‬‫اشحذ‬ ‫زن‬‫ز‬‫م‬ ‫زة‬‫ز‬ ‫المال‬ ‫ط‬ ‫زوا‬‫ز‬‫الح‬ ‫و‬ ‫زاهرة‬‫ز‬‫ح‬ ‫زراا‬‫ز‬‫وكم‬ ‫زدة‬‫ز‬‫كومم‬ ‫زذرية‬‫ز‬‫الش‬ ‫زاش‬‫ز‬‫اشخش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ز‬‫ز‬‫النخ‬,
‫الاامةزة‬ ‫اشلزوان‬ ‫توحيف‬ ً‫ا‬‫أيض‬(‫اشكزر‬)‫الفاتحزة‬ ‫و‬ ‫والزركن‬ ‫المبنزى‬ ‫اامزدة‬ ‫فزى‬(‫اشبزي‬)‫ال‬ ‫الزردود‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أمز‬ ‫فزى‬‫خفيفزة‬
‫اشحساس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫لتعميق‬ ‫الخارج‬ ‫أو‬ ‫للداخ‬ ‫سواء‬ ‫لألدوار‬.

82. “Experimental School - in urban region "

84. National Housing Project
2012
Proposal for 50 & 70 m2 units

88. Different shoots for 50m2 block units

92. {ُ‫ب‬
َ‫ه‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ي‬
َ‫ف‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ز‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ َّ‫م‬َ
‫أ‬َ‫ف‬‫ء‬‫أ‬ َ‫ف‬ُ‫ج‬‫أ‬ َ‫م‬‫أ‬ َّ‫م‬َ
‫أ‬َ‫و‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ
‫ب‬
ُ‫ك‬
ْ
‫م‬َ‫ي‬
َ‫ف‬
‫أس‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬
َ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫ب‬‫رض‬‫لأ‬‫أ‬}
[‫د‬‫ع‬‫ز‬‫ال‬:17]

93. THANK
YOU