The Evolution of the Planned Community
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Infill or Greenfield? Can we do Greenfield better? Learn the six universal truths about planned communities of the future, and the four locational variables that vary between regions.
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The Evolution of the Planned Community
- 1. the EVOLUTION of the Planned Community Jim Heid | FASLA, Founder URBAN DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE | ALBERTA Ÿ CANADA
- 2. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 2004 29 May 2013
- 3. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Option 1: Greenfield Ladera Ranch, CA PROS • Scale of Sites • Pricing / Structure • Natural AmeniGes CONS • Approvals • Biologic Concerns • Infrastructure • TransportaGon • Focused OpposiGon
- 4. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Option 2: Inner Ring Densification Belamar - Lakewood CO http://www.city-data.com/picfilesc/picc5931.php PROS • Infrastructure • Proximity to Jobs • Old Urbanism • Schools and Parks CONS • Land Assembly • Land Cost • NIMBY’s • CongesGon • Outdated Codes
- 5. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Option 3: Urban Infill Capitol Riverfront – Washington DC Image Credit:www.dcyards.com: PROS • Infrastructure • Proximity to Jobs • Transit Access • ExisGng Urban Character CONS • Infrastructure • Schools • Safety | Security • ContaminaGon • Market Preference
- 6. © UrbanGreen 2004 75-65% Greenfield 15-20% Suburban densification 10-15% Urban infill New housing location projection ca 2004 Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada
- 7. #1 Can we do Greenfield better? YES. “Sprawl can be defined as fragmented, low density, economically homogenous, land consumptive without creating character or connection”. Greenfield Development Without Sprawl, 2004
- 8. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Hallmarks of the Planned Community Hercules Waterfrtont, Hercules CA § Compact - Higher net density with amenity § Diverse - Land uses and types of users
- 9. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Hallmarks of the Planned Community Celebration – Orlando, FL § Land efficient - Conserve significant natural and cultural features § Resource efficient Energy, water, materials
- 10. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Hallmarks of the Planned Community § Vibrant - Richness of place § Connectivity - Linked open space, linked street networks
- 11. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Hallmarks of the Planned Community Mission Bay, San Francisco CA § Shared Governance § Consistent Maintenance § Community Life
- 12. Why does right, feel so … wrong? A Decade of New Home Sales 2001-2010 US Total1 8,580,000 % Top Ten Planned Communities2 130,386 1.5% Top Twenty Planned Communities3 187,687 2.2% All Planned Communities (estimated)4 800,636 9.3% IT’S NOT JUST A FEELING Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada
- 13. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 So the Issue is NOT Greenfield vs. Infill…. …..Its Sprawl vs. Planned Community 570,000 Units per year 80,000 Units per year
- 14. 2008 - 2011 29 May 2013
- 15. 2011 16 May 2013 “…the model that got us here, will not take us into the future”. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada
- 16. Population growth1 by metropolitan location 2000-2010 Inner Ring Suburb (+5.9 M) Mature Suburb (+3.5 M) =1,000,000 People Emerging Suburb (+5.1 M) Exurb (+1.5 M) Urban Core (-.3 M) 1 Source: Robert Lang. Based on 416 counties in the 50 largest metro areas. These contain 53.7% of total U.S. population. Infill or Greenfield? BOTH.
- 17. © UrbanGreen 2004 70-65% Greenfield 15-20% Suburban densification 10-15% Urban infill Then Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada
- 18. Now © UrbanGreen 2011 50-40% Greenfield 40-25% Suburban densification 10-15% Urban infill Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada
- 19. Gen X Trailing Baby Boomer Leading Baby Boomer 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% “Inner ring and urban core densification is temporal. Once the reality of schools, housing costs and safety become a priority for today's young professionals they will move to the suburbs, just like every generation before them.” 0% Source:| UrbanGreen® Index Spring 2013 Percentage of respondents that selected ‘Disagree’ or ‘Strongly Disagree’
- 20. Gen X Trailing Baby Boomer Leading Baby Boomer 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% “The next generation of buyers and users have very different values and will continue to find a way to live in higher density, urban or inner ring centers, long after they have families.” 0% Percentage of respondents that selected ‘Agree’ or ‘Strongly Agree’ Source:| UrbanGreen® Index Spring 2013
- 21. ….then going forward….. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada Can Community still be Planned? MAYBE.
- 22. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Access to Mixed Uses Access to Outdoor Recrea2on Good Schools Ease of Driving Transporta2on Alterna2ves Housing Affordability Proximity to Work Gen X Trailing Baby Boomer Leading Baby Boomer What do the generations want in their community? Source:| UrbanGreen® Index Spring 2013
- 23. What will stay the same? What’s going to be different? . Planned Community (PC) Retrofit Community (RC) The ‘Attractant’ Suburban lifestyle with yards, playgrounds and family life The variety, diversity and energy that comes with urbanity The ‘Third Place’ Create gathering places Leverage nearby high streets The Footpath The forest trail and walking paths Walkable urbanism and connected networks The Transport Two cars and a garage to house them, bicycling and walking as recreation Car share, LRT, bicycles and walking for commuting The Shelter Diversity of detached options with some higher density ‘lifestyle’ products but largely private space Small and compact with ‘community living rooms’ Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada
- 24. What will stay the same? What’s going to be different? . Planned Community (PC) Retrofit Community (RC) The ‘Attractant’ Suburban lifestyle with yards, playgrounds and family life The variety, diversity and energy that comes with urbanity The ‘Third Place’ Create gathering places Leverage nearby high streets The Footpath The forest trail and walking paths Walkable urbanism and connected networks The Transport Two cars and a garage to house them, bicycling and walking as recreation Car share, LRT, bicycles and walking for commuting The Shelter Diversity of detached options with some higher density ‘lifestyle’ products but largely private space Small and compact with ‘community living rooms’ Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada
- 25. • AMENITY • CONNECTIVITY • DIVERSITY • DENSITY • QUALITY THE SIX ‘TY’S. Universal Truths = SUSTAINABLITY
- 26. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Universal Truth #1 AMENITY STREETS PUBLIC REALM THIRD PLACE
- 28. Through Zone 6’-‐ 10’ U2lity Zone 5’-‐6’ Building + Furnishings Zone 5 -‐8’ Plenty of glass Overhangs Parking as buffer Street Trees
- 29. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Universal Truth #2a CONNECTIVITY (Physical)
- 30. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Universal Truth #2b CONNECTIVITY (Social)
- 31. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Universal Truth #3 DIVERSITY
- 32. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Universal Truth #4 CURATED DENSITY
- 33. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013
- 34. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 QUALITY Universal Truth #5 MEMORABLE CIVIC LANDSCAPE SIMPLE
- 35. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 SUSTAINABILITY Overall Outcome © UrbanGreen 2007
- 36. “Innovation will vary based on geography and market”. Will one solution fit all? NO.
- 37. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Locational Variable #1 COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION
- 38. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Locational Variable #1 COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION
- 39. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Locational Variable #2 MIXING USES
- 40. “…network of parks, plazas and green places offer breathing room. And walkable urbanism makes all these connections easy, whether headed to the corner store or high-tech headquarters”. “…kids and adults alike splash in the refreshing waters of the Aquatic and Falcon Clubs. The 25 miles of nature trails let you get away from it all without ever leaving home”. Suburban Planned Community Inner Ring Retrofit Community Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada Locational Variable #3 THE VALUE PROPOSITION
- 41. Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013 Locational Variable #4 ROLE OF: PPP | CFD | BID | HOA
- 42. CONCLUSION…Redefining Roles, Redefining Outcomes New Communities Retrofit Communities Infill Communities RIVERSIDE RESTON TOWN CENTER RINCON HILL YEAR 1869 1988 2005+ SIZE (ACRES) 1600 460 51 POPULATION 9,000 7,500 10,000 CRAFTING COMMUNITY Create Village Center Add Urban Center Leverage Urban Core PPP ROLES Be market knowledgable. Bring civic facilties. Assist with land assembly. Lead approvals past NIMBY’s Create vision. Gain buy in. Share financial risks SUSTAINABIILTY GATEWAY Stormwater Jobs Housing Transportation
- 43. Email: jim@urbangreen.net Blog: chasingbetter.com Survey: index@urbangreen.net 16 May 2013Urban Land Institute | Redevelopment and Reuse Council Questions? Comments? To Learn More.
Editor's Notes
- So now we move to Part II of our conversation. This section is intended to provide a synthesis of what was heard through our deliberations, followed by a real time discussion with industry leaders. To set the stage for our discussion with industry leaders, I want to share some of the issues and more provocative ideas, synthesized from our past work. This is meant to provide both a snapshot of the work to date, while creating a launchpad for the panel conversation. While we started our process with a series of questions about what planned communities would look like in the future, the underlying, unstated question that filled our room on that first day was
- But it was quickly agreed throughout our work that with continued growth of the nation, PC’s can still provide a valuable solution to future demand for housing.
- Andits not just a feeling. Based on my review of a decade of data compiled from RCLCo’s annual survey of planned communities , the better alternative of development – Planned Communities – is a still a very small drop in the bucket of all new residential development.
- Given the political, financial and societal issues confronting the development of large scale projects, was the planned community past its prime?The old model was strangled at the edge of feasibility before the downturn – Brent Harrington
- Nowthe speculation is over. Newdata mined from the 2010 census presented by Robert Lang, at our July Think Tank illustrated that both side were right.Rather than arguing about greenfield or infill, we should be debating how to get planned communities to be a bigger part of the total development equation. How do we adapt what we do best to meet the needs of a variety of settings ?….to demonstrate that what we have learned from decades of work in the greenfield , can also be relevant to the needs and desires of an increasingly segmented population? This would suggest that planned community of the future could be…
- This debate goes back to the early 2000’s and was part of the research undertaken by Don Piper and documented in my publication for ULI entitled ‘ Greenfield development without sprawl.’ The primary conclusion - summed up in this diagram – was that market and development forces were going to ensure that new development would continue to be largely in the Greenfield. But that was largely speculation……
- So what does it all mean for the Future of the Planned Community?It means a bright future, if we so choose. And while one man’s opinion, it seems like the more immediate opportunities and value we can offer will be occuring in the retrofit and infill setting in the near future, but there will continue to be great opportunity in the new community environment if we can get our message out re: sprawl vs. planned community.There are multiple new opportunities to take what we have learned over decades of refining the Planned Community model, and apply it to new settings, new challenges and for new households.This is what will continue to allow some in our industry to innovate and excel.But realizing this opportunity cannot happen if we just sit back and wait. We need to actively embrace the new challenges, adopt new strategies, adapt new techniques and combine the best of what we have done with bold new ideas.And with that call to action fresh in your mind, I’m going to ask my panelists to join me on the stage for a conversation about these ideas and how we can grab hold of this opportunity.
- More than simply meeting the future demand for housing, planned communities provide a superior alternative to Sprawl. When you consider the all the benefits of the planned community over the traditional, ad hoc builder driven subdivision, you have to wonder…..
- More than simply meeting the future demand for housing, planned communities provide a superior alternative to Sprawl. When you consider the all the benefits of the planned community over the traditional, ad hoc builder driven subdivision, you have to wonder…..
- More than simply meeting the future demand for housing, planned communities provide a superior alternative to Sprawl. When you consider the all the benefits of the planned community over the traditional, ad hoc builder driven subdivision, you have to wonder…..
- More than simply meeting the future demand for housing, planned communities provide a superior alternative to Sprawl. When you consider the all the benefits of the planned community over the traditional, ad hoc builder driven subdivision, you have to wonder…..
- But whatis changing is how people find personal fulfillment. For a number of reasons, people are seeking meaning more than materialism.Walker talked about this next decade’s consumer seeking the three ‘C’s’ – caution, curation and contentment. In the decade past our industry adopted the material approach - entering an ‘arms race’ of clubshouses, parks and bigger and bigger toys.But in an era of caution, big community facilities and the recognized expense of maintaining those toys will be a significant part of a buyer value analysis. But people will still want to be connected to one another, and that would suggest that the planned community of the next decade will be more about software than hardware. In the future developers and their planners, marketing staff and sociologists – yes I said sociologists – will have to reate new channels of connections that go beyond real estate.
- More than simply meeting the future demand for housing, planned communities provide a superior alternative to Sprawl. When you consider the all the benefits of the planned community over the traditional, ad hoc builder driven subdivision, you have to wonder…..
- Nowthe speculation is over. Newdata mined from the 2010 census presented by Robert Lang, at our July Think Tank illustrated that both side were right.Rather than arguing about greenfield or infill, we should be debating how to get planned communities to be a bigger part of the total development equation. How do we adapt what we do best to meet the needs of a variety of settings ?….to demonstrate that what we have learned from decades of work in the greenfield , can also be relevant to the needs and desires of an increasingly segmented population? This would suggest that planned community of the future could be…
- Nowthe speculation is over. Newdata mined from the 2010 census presented by Robert Lang, at our July Think Tank illustrated that both side were right.Rather than arguing about greenfield or infill, we should be debating how to get planned communities to be a bigger part of the total development equation. How do we adapt what we do best to meet the needs of a variety of settings ?….to demonstrate that what we have learned from decades of work in the greenfield , can also be relevant to the needs and desires of an increasingly segmented population? This would suggest that planned community of the future could be…
- But it was quickly agreed throughout our work that with continued growth of the nation, PC’s can still provide a valuable solution to future demand for housing.
- Nowthe speculation is over. Newdata mined from the 2010 census presented by Robert Lang, at our July Think Tank illustrated that both side were right.Rather than arguing about greenfield or infill, we should be debating how to get planned communities to be a bigger part of the total development equation. How do we adapt what we do best to meet the needs of a variety of settings ?….to demonstrate that what we have learned from decades of work in the greenfield , can also be relevant to the needs and desires of an increasingly segmented population? This would suggest that planned community of the future could be…
- Nowthe speculation is over. Newdata mined from the 2010 census presented by Robert Lang, at our July Think Tank illustrated that both side were right.Rather than arguing about greenfield or infill, we should be debating how to get planned communities to be a bigger part of the total development equation. How do we adapt what we do best to meet the needs of a variety of settings ?….to demonstrate that what we have learned from decades of work in the greenfield , can also be relevant to the needs and desires of an increasingly segmented population? This would suggest that planned community of the future could be…
- But perhaps even more important is the idea that As some meaningful percentage of households choose an inner ring or urban core setting to live, the planned community strategy could be the best approach to regenerating these areas, quickly and at scale.