Antonis Kokosis - NTUA

1. European toolbox for symbiosis and
PPP networks -
industrial ports, agricultural residues,
SMEs, and marine biorefineries
Antonis C. Kokossis, FIEE, FIChemE, FRSA
School of Chemical Engineering, NTUA
International Conference for the Promotion of the Participation of People in Innovative
Schemes, public, private,
People partnerships (ppPp model) for the Reduction of Energy Cost
March 30, Athens, Greece

2. Outline
• Our approach:
• Industrial Symbiosis: economic analysis,
environmental credits, social benefits
• Technology advantage
• Toolbox combining IS best practices, analytics,
engineering knowledge, optimization
• Applications range
• Industrial ports, urban and rural areas,
industrial districts, agricultural areas

3. Industrial Symbiosis and Industrial
Ecology
• The use of waste streams as resources to other industries
(materials, energy)
• Essential part of Industrial Ecology
• Closed life cycles
• Material flows
• Energy flows
• Differences from recycling
• Often preferred over recycling
• Long recycle paths
• Expensive footprints
Linking up industries as well as industries with urban
societies
Top priority in European industrial development

4. A beautiful reference point…
• City of Kalundborg (1995)
• Fixed background: Kemira, Statoil, Asnaes
Power, Gyproc Novo Nordisk
• M$120 profits; Energy to 20,000 homes
• Significant investment (M$60)
• Long paypack times 9 (over 15yr)
… but
• Can we open it up to a dynamic system?
• Can we speed it up at lower budgets?

5. Scaling up at national level
• Participation:
• 9,300 companies, 12 regions, 12,000 transactions/yr
• Economic benefits:
- Revenues & sales – €167,5 million
- Cost savings – €106,8 million
• Social benefits
• Regional investment - €82 million
• New jobs – 3,000
• Environmental benefits:
• CO2 emissions reduction : 4.4 mt
• Savings of virgin material: 6.2 mt
• Water savings: 9.22 million tons
• Diverted waste from landfill: 3.39 million tons
• Diverted toxic from landfill: 350, 000 tons
• Still the cost to run the concept is high
• The program is phasing out in anticipation of new trends

6. Functions of the toolbox

7. Regional analysis: big picture
• RSE (Viotia): largest industrial region
• Internal data
• Material flows
• Waste stream specs
• Locations
• Secondary data
• Context description
• Inspection audits
• Commercial profile
• External data
• Technologies
• Knowledge base
1,500 production facilities
4,500 waste streams
Focus on solids

8. Bring forward technology
 About 500 accessible technologies

9. Matching best practices
• Use of linked-objects
• Translated as properties to appropriate concepts

10. Offering solutions and support

11. Network analysis

12. Turning industrial ports into PPP
hubs

13. Functional units
• Biomass supplies (orange), industrial units (blue), bioenergy
producers (green), energy consumers (red)
• Each FU features mass and energy balances
• Matching technology has been used to analyze and assess links
and possible networks

14. Malmoe
Bioenergy
potential
38,3 MW Internal
(direct combustion and biogas)
149 MW external
(direct combustion and
biogas)
Functional Units 16 existing within the port area 2 new
Connections 42 existing 5 new
They have sizable internal and external network, with a
potential of transforming the existing fossil based system to a
biobased system that includes Industrial Symbiosis.

15. Wismar
Bioenergy
potential
69MW bioethanol
or 129MW direct combustion
16MW biogas
Functional Units 10 existing industries 3 new
Connections 42 existing 12 new
The port of Wismar sits on a treasure of internal biomass, which
can be put to a far better use through production of high - value
added materials.

16. Mantova
Bioenergy
potential
681 MW (411MW biogas and 270MW ethanol)
Functional Units 5 existing industries 4 new Functional Units
Connections 8 existing 21 new
The port of Mantua may leverage the vast external potential from
its growing biomass – laden hinterland to propel itself to giddy
heights of bioenergy production.

17. Astakos
Bioenergy
potential
137MW (direct combustion) 20MW biogas based on
manure
Functional Units 9 industries were interviewed which
belong to the greater area of Astakos
3 new
Connections 25 existing connections 5 new connections
The Port of Astakos presents a rare opportunity to invest in the
ideal Industrial Symbiosis Network, where targets are not
hindered by the past.

18. Targets and results
• Starting to scope for 437MW in bioenergy…
• Symbiosis exceeded 2.5 times the initial expectations
• Further scope by mobilizing the communities, the local industries
and the people
437
187
681
175
157
Goal Evaluation
MW
Bioenergy assessment
Astakos
Wismar
Mantova
Malmoe
Goal

19. Turning rural fields into PPP markets

20. Valorizing agricultural residues
• Agricultural residues, now viewed as resources
• Capitalizing on large databases and years of services by CRES
• Building links to save energy and water reducing waste
• Electronic access and review of opportunities
• Building an open community in Thessaly
… with commitment and support from the region

21. Scaling up symbiosis flows
• Biomass producers: pellets, olive pits, branches, residues
• Pulp, wastewater vs clean water
• Energy: district heating, biogas

22. Building symbiosis synergies…

23. … that save energy and resources

24. Bringing PPP by the seaside, close to
your five star hotels…

25. FUTUREPLANTSAREGETTINGCLOSETOYOU…

26. Holding a big slice for needy and the
smaller ones…

27. The e-Symbiosis platform for SMEs

28. Synergies,visualization,businessstatistics

29. This is not the end.
It is not even the beginning of the end
but it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.
Thank you!